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Section』IGrammar—现在完成时课前自主领梧KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解概念t表示动作发生在过去,强调过去的动作对现在的影响「肯定式have/hasdone构成-have/hasnotdoneL破动4have/hasbeendone「表示动作在说话时已经完成,但对现在产生某种后果或影响用法一袤示前松妥嘉过去再磋蓟就茬应看而褪也后蜃下去L左嗦荏:面词荻话妖句邛砺将柬免血的动作一「现在完成见与瞬时性动迈〔难点-面花完血舟每一酸丑至后的反朝[现在完成时三种常用句型探究发觉
①Itsbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachotheryouknow.
②AndthisisthefirsttimeIvevisitedyourhometown.
③PveseenquitealotofChinaandIvevisitedsomebeautifulcities.@ButthisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesIvebeento.
⑤Theyveputupalotofhigh-risebuildingsrecently.@Mywifesjustboughtabeautifuldressfromoneoftheshopsthere.
⑦XiaoLihaslivedinXiamenallhislife.
⑧Thefamilyhavelivedinthetownfortwentyyears.
⑨UptonowIveunderstoodeverythingtheteachersaid.⑩HehasgonetotheGreatWall.[我的发觉]1现在完成时的构成是have/has+过去分词2由例句
①可知,现在完成时可与since引导的时间状语从句连用3由例句
⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨可知,现在完成时可与时间状语recentlyjustallhislifefortwentyyearsuptonow连用4由例句
④⑩可知,have/hasbeento表示〃曾经去过某地〃;have/hasgoneto表示“已经去了某地,去而未归〃
一、现在完成时的根本概念现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,强调过去的动作对现在的影响现在完成时与现在有关,属于现在时态
二、现在完成时的构成[即时演练1]按要求改写句子Theyhavebuiltanotherhospitalinthearea.fTheyhaventbuiltanotherhospitalintheareayet.(否认句)fHavetheybuiltanotherhospitalinthearea(疑问句)—Anotherhospitalhasbeenbuilt(bythem)inthearea.(被动句)
三、现在完成时的根本用法“完成用法〃表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生确实切时间),但对现在产生某种后果或影响常与everrecentlybeforesofaruptonowtillnowinthepastyearsthesedays等时间状语连用TomhasmademuchprogressinhislearningofChinese.汤姆在汉语学习方面取得了很大的进步HaveyoueverbeentotheWestLake你曾经去过西湖吗?“未完成用法〃表示动作发生在过去,并且始终持续到现在,甚至还可能连续下去,这时常和“since+点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)〃或“for+段时间状语〃连用Wehavelivedheresince
1994.自1994年以来我们始终住在这里Ihavetaughtinthisschoolfor30years.我在这所学校任教了30年在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作IwontbelieveituntilIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.直到我亲眼见到才信任Hewilleassoonashehasflnishedhiswork.他一做完工作就会来[即时演练2]⑴选词填空forsince
①MyaunthasworkedinAustraliafor15years.
②Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeentheresince7oclock.
③Mikehasbeenillforalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalsinceOctober.2翻译句子
①你在这里住了多少年了?How_many_yna电have_you」ived_here
②吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了JimhasfinishedhishomeworkalrKady.Heisfreenow.
③直到公交车停下了才能下车DontgetofLthebusuntiLJthasstopped.
④我们已在这儿逗留了三个星期Wevestayedhereforthreeweeks.
四、现在完成时难点突破.现在完成时与瞬时性动词瞬时性动词也可以有现在完成时,但是不行以与表示时间段的时间状语连用;必需与表示时间段的状语连用时,要用相应的连续性动词来代替‘Ihaveboughtanewcar.J我买了辆新车Ihaveboughtanewcarfortwoweeks.X|我买了新车两周了Ihavehadanewcarfortwoweeks.V-我买了新车两周了Hehasleft.V他已经离开了Hehasleftforanhour.X他已经离开一个小时了Hehasbeenawayforanhour.J-他已经离开一个小时了[即时演练3]单句改错
①Lucyhasarrivedhereforfivedays.arrived-been
②Hehasborrowedthebookfortwoyears.borrowedfkept
③Theyhavemadefriendssincetheywenttocollege.made^been.现在完成时与一般过去时的区分Wehavevisitedtheschool.我们参观过这所学校说明现在对这所学校有所了解Wevisitedtheschoollastweek.我们上周参观了这所学校只说明上周参观学校这个动作ShehaslivedinParisfortwentyyears.她在巴黎住了20年了可能刚搬走,还可能连续住下去ShelivedinParisfortwentyyears.她在巴黎住了20年现在已经不在那里住了[即时演练4]1用所给词的适当形式填空
①Hereceivedreceivealetterfromhismotheryesterday.
②Shanghaiwasbeasmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowithasbeebeealargecity.
③2017•全国卷^IIhavegrowngrownotonlyphysicallybutalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.
④一YouspeakverygoodFrench!——Thanks.IstudiedstudyFrenchinSichuanUniversityforfouryears.2比照翻译
①她在这所学校任教20年了可能刚调走,还可能连续教下去Shehastaughtinthisschoolfortwentyyears.
②她曾在这所学校任教20年现在已经不在那里任教了Shetaughtinthisschoolfortwentyyears..现在完成时的三种常用句型lItis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句从句用一般过去时Itis/hasbeensevenyearssinceTomstartedlearningEnglish.汤姆学习英语已经有七年时间了2This/That/Itisthefirst/second/...timethatsb.havedonesth.这是某人第一/二/……次做某事Itsthefirsttimethattheboyhasspokentoaforeigner.这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话3在This/That/Itisthe+形容词最高级+名词+that从句”结构中,that从句要用现在完成时态ThisisthebestfilmthatIveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影I.单句语法填空MrLiisnotathome.HehasgonegotoShanghai.ThisisthefirsttimethatshehasvisitedvisittheGreatWall.ThethreeofustraveledtravelaroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.ThisisthemostinterestingpartythatIhaveenjoyedenjoy..AlectureontheputerhasbeengivengivethreetimesbyMr.Zhangalready.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistricthasfallenfallfrom6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.MissGreentaughtteachusEnglishlastyear.Shehastaughtteachusforabout2years.Mr.BrownhasmademakealotoffriendssincehecameetoworkinNewYorktwoyearsago.Hejoinedjointhearmytwoyearsago.Inotherwordshehasbeenbeasoldierfortwoyears.ItistenyearssinceIleftleavemyhometownbutitisstillinmymind.IL完成句子Wehavebeenfriendssincewewereveryyoung.我们从很小的时候就是好伴侣Overtheyearswehavedevelopedagoodfriendshipwitheachother.最近几年,我们已经相互培育了良好的友情Wehavelearned2000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止,我们已学了2000个英语单词了Pleasereturnthebooktomewhenyouhavefinishedit.你看完这本书后请还给我.HehaslivedinthecityforthreeyearsandhehasmadealotofLnewfriends.他在这个城市住了三年了,并且交了很多新伴侣Wehaventdecidedwhentodiscusstheproblemagain.我们尚未打算什么时候再争论这个问题Helefthishometownfiveyearsagoandnoonehasseenhimeversince.他五年前离开了家乡,从今之后没有人见过他Whatevertheresultisweshouldacceptitwithasmilebecausewehavetriedouebrst.无论结果怎样,我们都要微笑着接受,由于我们已经尽了全力III.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号
(八),并在其下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉修改在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词留意1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分HerearetheinformationaboutManchesterUniversity.Itisabout200milesawayfromLondonandithastheverybigschoolyard.Youcanliveintheschoolorneartheschool.Ithasallsortsofcourse.Imsureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.Iknowyouareparticularlyinterestinginhumanrights.SoIwillseethatthereisanythingontheirwebsite.IllsendmyfriendCharliemeetyouattheairportwhenyouarrived.Youmethimafewyearsagobuthehadchangedalotsincethen.BothyourauntorIlookforwardtoseeingyouagain.答案第一句are^is其次句thefa第四句course-*^courses第五句去掉it第六句interesting-*-interested第七句thatfif/whether第八句meet前力口to;arrived-arrive第九句hadhas第十句or-and确定句主语+have/has+过去分词...否认句主语+have/hasnot+过去分词...疑问句Have/Has+主语+过去分词.被动句主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词...一般过去时着重说明动作发生在过去,强调动作本身,落脚点在过去。