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2023年6月高校英语四级真题第3套PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections://!thissectionthereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthehankmorethanonce.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygoodandtheresgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercisewhetheratschoolorontheirown26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmovedthebettertheirgradeswereinschool29inthebasicsubjectsofmathEnglishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.31inrecentyearssomeadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshowexerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood33tothebrainfuelingmemoryattentionandcreativitywhichare34tolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestresswhichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhentheyrerunningaroundtheymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet
2.FindingtheRightHome-andContentmentTooA]Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility——amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear-whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.DoesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghomeorhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesignersArenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefearoristhatanout-modedstereotype固定看法?CandoingoneshomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplacesItisgenuinelyhardtoknow.Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcareletmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.[D|ThemostrecentofthesestudiespublishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontologysurveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedlivingnursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomesknowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflifeemotionalwell-beingandsocialinteractionaswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.“WethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypesJsaidtheleadauthorofthestudyJulieRobisonanassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption-dontfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycantIntheinitialresultsassistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilitiesforinstanceandlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariablessuchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtypetheyfoundthatcreatesdifferencesinresidents5responses.Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyareincombinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics——howhealthytheyfeeltheyaretheirageandmaritalstatusJDr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealththereforemightbenolessdepressedinassistedlivingevenifherchildrenpreferreditthaninanursinghome.Apersonwhohadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehomeotherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplacenotthesortofplaceinitselfthatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.YoucantjustsayLetsputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome-shewillbemuchbetteroffDr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatterssheaddedisacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththemandwhattheyfindthere.”Suchfindingswhichruncountertocommonsensehavesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedlivingforinstanceUniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacilitystypesizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwas-hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillnessmentaldeclinehospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidentsphysicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedoncetheywerethere.AsIwasconsideringallthisapressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydeskannouncingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2023tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffactconsumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilitiesthelowestratedthanwiththefive-starones.Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout——howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloaneageriatrician老年病学专家attheUniversityofNorthCarolina:Inawaythatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.Ofcoursesonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilitiestalktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamiliesanddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.ButperhapstheydonthavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.FamiliescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappyDr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideastoo.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace——itiselegantinsideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrivedthoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroomtheysataloneatatable.Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthereandsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearchthatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision..Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents..Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilitiesinvolvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.ltisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome..Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein..Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome..ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace..Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction..Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink..Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving..Aresidentssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedAfBCandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligenceAIbecomesincreasinglysophisticatedtherearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.ThisdangercanbeavoidedaccordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussellifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.RussellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasksifsnecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexampleifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouseyouwouldntwantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.t€YouwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvaluessaidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexamplemobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferencesbutifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspaceyouwouldntthinkthatsthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachinesifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandtheyveproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo禁忌.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowaveithastheopportunitytostopsendoutbeeps睹E嘟声,andaskfbrdirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansarentquitesureaboutadecisionwegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoralandhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswerrobotscouldbegoodforhumanity..WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobotsAItmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogrammers.BItaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.CItcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.DIthasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated..WhatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthorATheyareaggressive.BTheyareoutgoing.CTheyareignorant.DTheyareill-bred..HowdorobotslearnhumanvaluesAByinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.BByfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.CBypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.DByimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings..Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituationAKeepadistancefrompossibledangers.BStoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.CTriggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.DDosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.5O.WhatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecodePassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothersYouknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatedietengaginginregularexerciseetc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity长寿DosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlivesAnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast
100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoingmoreactiveandlessneurotic神经质的thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestinglyhoweverothercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplinedforinstancewerenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Alsobeingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglifewhichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglifeyoushouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunatelyanotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmotherspersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxiousdepressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe9readultswhichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisntdestiny命运,andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisntjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.
51.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis.AtoseewhetherpeoplespersonalityaffectstheirlifespanBtofindoutifoneslifestylehasanyeffectontheirhealthCtoinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifeDtoexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevityWhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeopleATheyhaveagoodunderstandingofevolution.BTheyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.CThcygenerallyappearmoreresourceful.DTheyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.WhatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectationAEasy-goingpeoplecanalsolivearelativelylonglife.BPersonalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimes.CSuchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevity.DReadinesstoacceptnewideashelpsoneenjoylongevity.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshowAChildrenspersonalitycharacteristicsareinvariablydeterminedbytheirmothers.BPeoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodiesooner.CMothersinfluenceonchildrenmaylastlongerthanfathers.DMothers9negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildrenslifespans.WhatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudiesAAnxietyanddepressionmoreoftenthannotcutshortoneslifespan.BLongevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealth.CPersonalityplaysadecisiveroleinhowhealthyoneis.DHealthisinlargepartrelatedtooneslifestyle.PartIVTranslationDirections:77rthispartyouareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet
2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇,坐落在京杭大运输河畔这是一处迷人的地方,有很多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆在过去一千年里,乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经验多少改变,是一座呈现古文明的博物馆乌镇全部房屋都用石木建立数百年来,当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市多数宽敞漂亮的庭院藏身于屋舍之间,游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发觉2023年6月高校英语四级真题答案第3套ListeningComprehension与2023年6月高校英语四级真题第2套听力答案相同,略ReadingComprehensionSectionA
26.【答案】O
27.【答案】M
28.【答案】L29•【答案】K
30.【答案】NSectionC
46.【答案】C
47.【答案】DPassageOne
48.【答案】C
49.【答案】B
50.【答案】APassageTwo
51.【答案】A
52.【答案】D
53.【答案】AattendanceEdroppingImoodMreviewBconsequentlyFessentialJmutuallyNsurviveCcurrentGfeasibleKparticularlyOtendDdepressingHflowLperformance。