2023年上海市英语高考一轮复习精讲精练专题15：阅读理解词义猜测题高分技巧带讲解

A专题15阅读理解词义猜测题高分技巧+高考题型组合练3逋一［考精鞋接］词义猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力此类题型要求学生根据阅读材料提供的信息，结合学习中积累的常识和经验对生词的含义、熟词生义和短语、句子的含义加以猜测以及对代词的指代对象准确定位命题人要求猜测词义的词一般是实词及其词组题型和考查角度

1.猜测生词或熟词生义.猜测短语的意义.猜测代替词所替代的内容.猜测句意此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义一般提问方式如下Theword“ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans.TheunderlinedwordABCinthepassagerefersto/means.WhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphTheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans・Theworditthem”inthefirstparagraphrefersto.这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义在高考阅读题中，考生要在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义【要点机理】＞考点一单词或短语意义猜测上下文猜词义猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测可利用下列方法1根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据C.SuccessfulHowdidthechildrenwitha“growthmindsefreactinthestudyA.Theymadefewermistakes.B.TheytriedtoavoidmistakesC.TheyhadsmallerbrainresponseD.Theyfocusedmoreonthemistake.WhatshouldparentssaywhenchildrenmakeamistakeaccordingtothetextA.YouaresocarelessBPayingcomplimentstochildrenC.YoullgetitthenexttimeD.Letsfindouthowyoumadeit.WhatshouldbeavoidedaccordingtothestudyOverstressingtheintelligence.Paycomplimenttochildren.C.Addressingchildrensmistakes.D.Offeringchancestofindmistakes.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文文章通过实验结果说明在孩子的成长过程中，不应该过度地强调智力的重要性A【解析】词义猜测题根据第一段“Nothingsucceedslikesuccessaseveryparentofastraight-AstudentknowsbuttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchildYouresosmart!（没有什么比成功更成功的了，每一个全优生的父母都知道，但试图通过告诉孩子“你太聪明了!”来强调学业上的优秀，可能会counterproductiveo广可知每个全优生的父母都知道成功的意义，结合but表示转折，所以试图通过告诉孩子“你很聪明”来达到让孩子学业优秀的目的，可能会得到相反的结果，由此可推知counterproductive指的是“相反的”意思故选A项D【解析】细节理解题根据第二段“Thelargerthebrainresponsewasthemorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedatatheyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset“weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.（大脑的反应越大，孩子对错误的关注就越大基于这些数据，他们得出结论，具有“成长型思维模式”的儿童在犯错后更有可能有更大的大脑反应）”可知，“成长心态”儿童在研究中更关注的是错误故选D项D［解析］推理判断题根据最后一段“Insteaditsbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappenandworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.（相反，最好是让你的孩子知道错误发生了，并找出他们在哪里犯了错误，是如何犯的可知，当孩子犯了错误时、父母应该说“让我们看看你是怎么出错的”故选D项A【解析】推理判断题根据第一段“Accordingtoa2017studychildrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbouncebackfrommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.”可知，据2017年的一项研究，认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比认为智力可以成长和改变的孩子更不可能关注错误并从错误中恢复过来由此推知，我们应该避免过度强调智力故选A项BSerenaWilliamsBiography1981-WhoIsSerenaWilliamsSerenaWilliamsisanAmericanprofessionaltennisplayerwhohasheldthetopspotintheWomensTennisAssociationWTArankingsnumeroustimesoverhercareer.Shewonherfirstmajorchampionshipin1999andcompletedthecareerGrandSlamin

2003.AlongwithherindividualsuccessSerenahasteamedwithsisterVenusWilliamstowinaseriesofdoublestitles.EarlyLifeandFamilySerenaWilliamswasbornonSeptember261981inSaginawMichigan.TheyoungestofRichardsfivedaughtersSerenaandhersisterVenuswouldgrowuptobecomegreattennischampions.Serenasfather-aformersharecropperfromLouisianadeterminedtoseehistwoyoungestgirlssucceed-usedwhathe*dcollectedfromtennisbooksandvideostoinstructSerenaandVenusonhowtoplaythegame.AttheageofthreepracticingonacourtnotfarfromthefamilysnewComptonCaliforniahomeSerenaenduredthehardshipofdailytwo-hourdemandingpracticesfromherfather.TheWilliamsSistersWiththeirsignaturestyleandplayVenusandSerenachangedthelookoftheirsport.Theirsheerpowerandathleticabilityoverwhelmedopponentsandtheirsenseofstyleandpresencemadethemstandoutcelebritiesonthecourt.Theclose-knitsisterslivedtogetherformorethanadozenyearsinagatedPalmBeachGardensregioninFloridabuttheywenttheirseparatewaysafterSerenaboughtamansioninnearbyJupiterinDecember

2013.In1999SerenabeatouthersisterVenusintheirracetothefamilysfirstGrandSlamwinwhenshecapturedtheU.S.Opentitle.Itsetthestageforarunofhigh-poweredhigh-profilevictoriesforbothWilliamssisters.TheSerenaSlamIn1995Serenaturnedpro.In2002SerenawontheFrenchOpentheU.S.OpenandWimbledondefeatingsisterVenusinthefinalsofeachtournament.ShecapturedherfirstAustralianOpenin2003makingheroneofonlysixwomenintheOpeneratocompleteacareerGrandSlam.Thewinalsofulfilledherdesiretoholdallfourmajortitlesatthesametimetomakeupwhatshe*dcalledTheSerenaSlam.WhatcanwelearnabouttheWilliamssistersfromthepassageSerenalivestogetherwithVenus.SerenaandVenusaretwinsisters.TheWilliamssistersoutstoodbeyondtheirtalents.SerenadefeatedVenuswinningherfirstchampionship.Accordingtothe2ndand3rdpartsofthepassagewhichstatementistrueSerenausedtoreceiveverystricttrainingwhenshewasachild.TheWilliamssistersmanagedtocopytheiropponentsstyles.Serenaboughtherselfahouseattheageof30inMichigan.SerenaandVenusarehostiletoeachother.

42.WhatdoesTheSerenaSlammeanaccordingtothepassageSerenawonherfirstAustralianOpenin

2003.SerenawonthechampionshipsinthefourOpeninarow.SerenadefeatedhersisterVenusinthefinalsofeachtournament.SerenabecamethefirstintheOpeneratocompleteacareerGrandSlam.【答案】

40.C

41.A

42.B【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了美国职业网球运动员小威廉姆斯的成长经历和所取得的成就【40题详解】推理判断题根据文章第二段“TheyoungestofRichardsfivedaughtersSerenaandhersisterVenuswouldgrowuptobecomegreattennischampions.（理查德五个女儿中最小的塞雷娜和她的姐姐维纳斯长大后者B成为了伟大的网球冠军）可推知，威廉斯姐妹的才华超群故选C【41题详解】细节理解题根据文章第二段“AttheageofthreepracticingonacourtnotfarfromthefamilysnewComptonCaliforniahomeSerenaenduredthehardshipofdailytwo-hourdemandingpracticesfromherfather.（三岁的时候，塞蕾娜就在离他们家加州新康普顿不远的球场上练习，每天都要忍受着父亲两个小时的艰苦训练）可知，塞蕾娜小时候接受过非常严格的训练故选A【42题详解】细节理解题根据文章最后一段“ShecapturedherfirstAustralianOpenin2003makingheroneofonlysixwomenintheOpeneratocompleteacareerGrandSlam.ThewinalsofulfilledherdesiretoholdallfourmajortitlesatthesametimetomakeupwhatshedcallednTheSerenaSlam.HX2003年，她首次获得澳网公开赛冠军，成为公开赛时代仅有的六名完成职业生涯大满贯赛事的女性之一这场胜利也满足了她同时获得四大冠军头衔的愿望，她称之为“塞雷娜大满贯”）可推知，“塞雷娜大满贯”是指指塞雷娜连续在四项网球公开赛中获得冠军故选BCIn2012JamesCameroncreatorofAvatarandTitanicbecamethefirstpersontoreachtheChallengerDeep.WhenhearrivedatthedeepestspotonEarthat7milesbelowsealevelhespenthoursmappingtheregionandtakingphotosandsamples.“Ashumanbeingsweredrawntoabsolutes-thedeepestthehighestthecoldestthefarthest/hesays.“AndasastorytellerandcuriousmonkeyIjustwantedtoseewhatwasthere.^^Theanswerisobvious-plasticandmore.Ourso-calledcivilizationisusingtheoceanasitstoilet“Cameronsays.Unlessthischangesoceanecosystemsaregoingtocontinuetheirrapidcollapse.9Despitedecadesofenvironmentalstudiestheimpactofplasticandotherformsofpollutiononoceansarenotentirelyunderstood.Initialstudiesappeartoindicatethatingesting（摄取）them—eitherdirectlyorindirectly-couldcausedisease.Plasticscanalsoreleasepoisonoussubstancesintothewaterwhichcouldpotentiallyimpactanimalpopulations.Butplasticisjustoneoftheproblemsfacingoceansthathaveyettobefullyunderstood.Plasticwasteintheoceanishorrifyingbutisonlythemostobviousofourmanydeadlywastestreamswhichincludecarbonthafsheatingtheatmosphereandmakingtheoceanacidicandtherun-offnutrientsfromalltheworldsagriculturewhichiscausinganoxic（缺氧）deadzonesthesizeofcountries/Cameronsays.Oceansliketherestoftheworldareimpactedbytheburningoffossilfuelsandthereleaseofgreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxide-about30percentofwhichisabsorbedbythesea.ThisabsorptioncausesoceanacidificationwherethepHlevelisalteredtobecomemoreacidic.Asaresultitsharderfbrsomecreaturestoformshellsandskeletonsandcountlessspeciesatthebaseofthefoodwebcanstruggletosurvivewhichscientistssayhasthepotentialtocausehugedisruptionstoentireecosystems.IndeedoceanacidificationisthoughttohaveplayedanimportantroleinEarthsworst-evermassextinctionevent252millionyearsago.Theeffectofclimatechangeontheworldsoceanswilllikelyworsenincomingdecades.LastJunescientistsannouncedcarbondioxidelevelshadreachedthehighestlevelssincehumanrecordsbegan.ThelasttimecarbondioxidelevelswerethishighwasduringthePlioceneerabetween3and5millionyearsagowhenglobaltemperatureswereabout4degreesCelsiuswarmerthantheyaretoday.Currentclimatemodelssuggestthatifgreenhousegasemissionscontinueontheircurrenttrendwemaybeoncoursetosee4degreesofwarmingby

2100.Asaresultunderstandingtheroleoceanshaveonglobalsystemsisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.

36.WhatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyaboutA.Theauthorsfeelingstotheocean.B.Cameronsmoviesandremarks.C.Theauthorsdiscoveriesunderthesea.D.Cameronsobservationandconcern.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageSeveralcountriesaresufferingfromanoxicdeadzones.Moreconcernshouldhavebeengiventothepollutiononoceans.Plasticissupposedtobethemostseriousenvironmentalproblem.Oceanacidificationremovesthenutrientsfromagriculturalproducts.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddisruptions“inParagraph5probablymeanA.Decreases.B.Destruction.C.Diseases.D.Discrimination.Whydoestheauthormentionthemassextinctionevent252millionyearsagoTocallonpeopletoprotectseaanimals.Tocomparecurrentsituationswiththepast.Toexplainhowserioustheoceanproblemis.Toprovepollutiontobethecauseofacidification.【答案】

36.D

37.B

38.B

39.C【解析】这是一篇说明文文章由詹姆斯・卡梅隆的一次潜航经历引入，从气候变化、环境污染等不同方面描述了海洋生态系统正在遭受的巨大破坏，告诫人们提高对海洋环境的重视【36题详解】主旨大意题前两段讲述了大导演卡梅隆潜航至世界上海洋最深处，却看到了许多塑料垃圾他发声称“Unlessthischangesoceanecosystemsaregoingtocontinuetheirrapidcollapse.意为“如果还不做出改变，海洋生态系统将会继续崩塌下去”这正是他的所观所想故选D项【37题详解】推理判断题根据第四段“Plasticwasteintheoceanishorrifyingbutisonlythemostobviousofourmanydeadlywastestreamswhichincludecarbonthatsheatingtheatmosphereandmakingtheoceanacidicandtherun-offnutrientsfromalltheworldsagriculturewhichiscausinganoxic（缺氧的）deadzonesthesizeofcountries”可知塑料垃圾的影响显而易见但也不能忽视其他废物排泄对海洋造成的影响，人们对海洋污染的关注仅仅着眼于塑料垃圾是远远不够的故选B项【38题详解】词义猜测题A.Decreases减少B.Destruction破坏C.Diseases疾病D.Discrimination歧视分析划线词所在句子可知，一些生物难以生长甲壳和骨骼，许多的处于食物链底端的生物生存也十分艰难，这对整个生态系统无疑是造成破坏的故选B项【39题详解】推理判断题第五段最后一句IndeedoceanacidificationisthoughttohaveplayedanimportantroleinEarthsworst-evermassextinctionevent252millionyearsago.”提及了两亿五千二百万年前的物种大灭绝，海洋酸化在其中扮演了重要角色，时下我们面临的情况也在朝着这个方向演进，这正是在说明情况的严峻性故选C项0高考题型组合练Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenwordfillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanksuseonewordthatbestfitseachblank.IssportalwaysfunOneafternooninthelastweekoftermIsawthreechildrenfrommysonsschoolintearsbeingcomfortedbyteachers.Thatmorningmy11-year-oldhadstomachpainsand21throwupseveraltimeswhenInoticedhissickness.TalkingtoothermothersIheardaboutotherchildrenwithstomachacheordifficultysleepingthenightbefore.WhatcausedsomuchsufferingSportsday一notsportsdayatahighlycompetitiveindependentschoolbutatalargevillageprimary.22itcausesnoproblemtothechildrenwhocanfly23thewindforthosewhoarepoorlycoordinated动作协调，overweightorjustnotgoodatsportitisterrible.Evenforthosewhoenjoy24runbutwhofallhalfwaydownthetrackinfrontoftheentireschoolandtheirparentsitcanproveadisaster.Asforthereason25weputourchildrenthroughthisannualsufferingsomeMaysaythatcompetitionischaracter-buildingoritisatraditionofschoollife;somemayassume26reallymattersistakingpartnotwinning.Ijustfeltpityforthosechildrenintearsorinpain.Teamgamesattheendofthesportwerefun27watchbecausetheyproducedsomecloseracesenormousenthusiasmandlotsofshouting.Moreimportantly28hidealittlefromeveryonesgazethechildrenwhowerenotsofastorsoquickatpassingtheballhadtheexcitementofbeingonthewinningside.Iwishthatsportsdaycould29abandonandreplacedwithsomeothersummerevent.perhapsanafternoonofteamgameswithafewracesforthosewhowantthemwouldbe30stressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefunforthespectators.【答案】

21.hadthrown

22.while/although/though

23.like

24.running

25.why

26.what

27.towatch

28.hidden

29.beabandoned

30.lessstressfulWhenmostofusrecallourschoolsportingdayswetendtorememberthefriendshipsthatwereforgedtheoccasionalpersonal31andthefarmorefrequentmomentswhenourskilllevelsdidntquitematchouridols*.Howevernotallofthepresentgenerationofschoolchildrenmaybeabletolookbackontheirsportingexperienceswithsuchfondness.Therearegrowingfearswithinindependentschoolsinparticularthatmovestowardsprofessionalstandardsandafocusonwinningmaydisagreewiththe32ofschoolsports.Theproblemisperhapsunsurprisinglymoreprevalentinboys*sportandespeciallysoinrugbywhereindependentschoolsstillprovidethebulkoffutureEnglandinternationals.Atthesametimetherehasbeenasurgeinthenumberofschoolsofferingscholarshipsto33rugbyplayersdrivenbyadesiretowidenaccessbutalsoonoccasionbyan34thatsuccessontheplayingfieldmaybeapotentialmarketingtool.Onedirectorofrugbyatatop-performingschoolintheSouth-Eastreportsthathisstarunder-16playerwaspoached付交走byarivalschoolwhichofferedhimafullscholarship.Wewerentpreparedtoenterintoabiddingwarovera15-year-oldkid/hesaysratherpitifully.ChrisMorgandirectorofsportatTonbridgeisacriticoftheseshiftstowardsbecomingsuperstarsportsschoolsfAnincreasingnumberofschoolsseemtobeusingsportsscholarshipsaspartoftheirbusinessmodel/hesays.Theyplacerugbyaboveothersportsasitseemstobemore35inparentsdecision-makingoverwhichschooltheywanttosendtheirchildrento/AsaresultsomeofMorganscounterpartsatotherindependentschoolsfeelunderpressuretofocusonwinningratherthan36enjoyment.Ifeverythingyouputonyourwebsiteisaboutwhichteamswonitiseasytoseehowcoachesboysandparentscanthinkthatresultsarethemostimportantbarometerofsuccess/Severalcoachesfeelthattheireffortsto37players9enjoymentoverresultsareatriskofbeingunderminedbythetemptationtoseesportasanextensionofacademicleaguetables.OnedirectorofrugbytoldmethatwhenevertheyloseagamehisheadmastercallsameetingontheMondaymorninginwhichhedemandsanexplanationforthedefeat.Theheadcantunderstandthatsportisn*tjustaboutwinning/hesays.Sowithincreasinglyprofessionalset-upsandaseeming38withwinningatallcostshasschoolsportlostitsinnocenceCertainlynotsaysKevinKnibbsHeadmasterofHamptonSchoolinSouthWestLondonandChairoftheHeadmasters1andHeadmistresses*ConferenceHMCSportsSub-CommitteeIndependentschoolsunderstandthatsportishugelybeneficialtoyoungpeople.Whiletherehavebeensubstantialimprovementsinthestandardofsportsfacilitiescoachingandperformanceinindependentschoolsoverthepastdecadethisis39withanemphasisonsafetywellbeingandgeneralfitness.Togetherthesethingshavehadan40positiveimpactonyoungpeoplesexperiencesofsportinHMCschools1hesays.Tupilsarefreetoenjoyplayingawiderangeofsportswiththeirfriendswithoutfacingunduepressuretowiporneedingtofollowanover-intensivetrainingregimeKnibbscontinue.【答案】31-

35.FA;I;E;C;36-

40.G;K;J;D;H【解析】【易错题】

31.F词性判断易错，and连接的三个并列结构，进而得知是名词，且highlights一词多义名词意思较多学员不知道，表示最精彩的部分；最重要的事情

34.E名词，根据句意排除其它选项，重点掌握recognition表示认可的意思

37.K根据句子成分分析，应该填动词，掌握prioritizeAoverB的用法J注意介词搭配考点，沉迷于obsessionwith

39.D词性分析及句意理解，判断该空填过去分词，重点掌握长难句句意尽管在过去的十年中，私立学校的体育设施、教练和成绩的标准有了实质性的提高，但这与对安全、健康和全民健身的强调是平衡的【提示】重点掌握派生词，一次多义，一词多性词汇的用法，分析词性的同时，结合句子结构及句意理解2根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测3根据构词法进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义4根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因5根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如buthoweverotherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义【2022虹口二模】Havingbothisagoodideathoughitmaysoundextraredundant.YoudontwanttoentirelyrelyontheCloudjustincaseyouloseaccesstoyouraccountoriftheproviderclosesdown.Andyoudontwanttorelyexclusivelyonofflinestoragesayonaplug-inharddiskstoredatthebackofacupboardbecauseifdisasterstrikesthenyourback-upwillburndownalongsideyourcomputerandtherestofyourbelongings.Theunderlinedword“redundant“inparagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.unnecessaryB.demandingC.meaningfulD.useless【答案】

37.A【解析】词句猜测题A.unnecessary不必要的;B.demanding要求高的;C.meaningful有意义的;D.useless无用的首先，划线单词所在句的“though”说明“good”和划线单词前后语义相对，说明划线单词是个贬义词该句本段的中心句，该段分别探讨了只有线上备份和只有离线备份的数据丢失风险情况，由此推知，中心句讲的是线上、离线双备份这种方式看似冗余、不必要，但其实缺少了其中一种，数据丢失的风险都会加大，所以划线单词与A项语义接近故选A项[2022闵行二模】ThepopulationofrareAtlanticpuffinsinMaineUStookahitthisyearasthenumberofchickstosurviveatoughsummercollapsed.ThestatescoastalbaysandtheGulfofMaineareamongthefastestwarminglargewaterbodiesontheplanetmakingthepuffins*fateatest-caseforhowclimatechangecoulddisruptmarineecosystemsworldwide.

56.Thephrasetookahit”inthe1stparagraphprobablymean“.A.sufferheavylossesB.escapebadfortuneC.increaseonalarge-scaleD.declinemoderately【答案】

56.A【解析】词句猜测题根据画线词后文“asthenumberofchickstosurviveatoughsummercollapsedv可知，今年，在这个艰难的夏天生存下来的雏鸟数量锐减，所以美国缅因州稀有的大西洋海雀遭受重大损失故画线词意思是“遭受重大损失”，故选A[2022静安二模】St.PetersburgenjoysawidevarietyofbarsmeantforthatoriginalRussianvodkaexperienceincludingthefamousbarryumochnaya.Thebarwasoriginallymeanttodefythemisbehavioroflabelingpeople.Itwasaplaceforeveryonetojustenjoyadrink.Abillionairecouldbesittinghappilynexttoaworker.Theunderlinedworddefyisclosestinmeaningto.A.highlightB.imitateC.resistD.reward【答案】

41.C【解析】词义猜测题根据划线词后文^Itwasaplaceforeveryonetojustenjoyadrink.Abillionairecouldbesittinghappilynexttoaworker.（这是一个让每个人都能享受一杯酒的地方一个亿万富翁可以快乐地坐在一个工人旁边）”可知，每个人，不分等级都能在这里享受一杯酒，由此可知，这家酒吧抵制给人贴标签的不当行为所以划线单词defy为“抵制”之意故选C[2022徐汇二模】TheInternetischangingthewaywecommunicate.LOLawksamazeballsBRBtheuseofemojiandemoticon—andevenwritingfacialexpressionssuchassadface5—haveallbecomestandardindigitalcommunications.Soingrainedinfoctthattheyrechangingthewaywewriteandeventalk.Whatdoesthewordingrainedinparagraph1mostprobablymeanA.Deep-rooted.B.Long-lasting.C.Well-equipped.D.Single-minded.【答案】

56.A【解析】词句猜测题根据划线词上文“TheInternetischangingthewaywecommunicate.LOLawksamazeballsBRBtheuseofemojiandemoticon-andevenwritingfacialexpressionssuchassadface-haveallbecomestandardindigitalcommunications4互联网正在改变我们的交流方式网络流行语（LOLawksamazeballsBRB）和表情符号的使用甚至还有画出的“悲伤的脸”等面部表情都已成为数字通信的标准）”及下文“infactthattheyrechangingthewaywewriteandeventalk.（事实上，它们正在改变我们写作甚至说话的方式）”可知，网络流行语和表情符号影响非常深远由此可知，划线词与deep-rooted（根深蒂固的）意思接近故选A项【2021金山一模】Thebuswasfullbumpyanditsoongotnoisyasherkidbegancryingbecausehecouldntsitnexttohismother.Therewereacoupleofopenseatsbuttheywerenttogether.Shewasflusteredandlookedembarrassed.

56.Theunderlinedword“flustered“inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto.【答案】

56.D【解析】词义猜测题根据第二段“Thebuswasfullbumpyanditsoongotnoisyasherkidbegancryingbecausehecouldntsitnexttohismother.Therewereacoupleofopenseatsbuttheywerenttogether（巴士）防了人颠簸不平，很快就变得很吵，因为她的孩子哭了起来，因为他不能坐在妈妈旁边有两个空位，但他们不在一起）丁可知，她很心慌，显得很尴尬第二段中划线词“flustered”意思最接近于upset（不安的），故选D【2022浦东二模】ToteaseapartthesefeaturesofemotionregulationVarmadesignedanexperimentalsituationinwhichtheyputparticipantsintoanemotioninduction（弓I导）“treatment.Participantsreadastorythatwasintendedtocauseanegativeemotionsuchasahit-and-runcaraccidentorthedeathofyourdog.Theunderlinedphrase“teaseapart”（Para3Line1）isclosestinmeaningto.identifyB.combineC.emphasizeD.dominate【答案】

64.A【解析】短语猜测题结合戈U线部分后“Varmadesignedanexperimentalsituationinwhichtheyputparticipantsintoanemotion比力力〃（引导），treatmentVarma设计了一个实验情境，让参与者接受‘情绪引导‘治疗）及下一段中提到的试验结果“PeoplewithBPDwereequaltothecontrolparticipantsinthenegativityoftheirexpressedemotiontheintensityofthatemotionandeventhewordstheyusedtodescribetheiremotions.（BPD患者表达情绪的消极程度，情绪的强度，甚至他们用来描述自己情绪的词汇，都与对照组的参与者相同广可推知，Varma的试验目的是梳理情绪调节的特征，teaseapart意为“梳理，确认:故选A项[2016上海高考】NervoussuspectslockedupinBritainsnewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowcolouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrimetheblueonthewallmighttipthebalance.Theexpression“tipthebalance/inparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalance.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourt.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimes.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours.【答案】c【解析】短语猜测题根据Nervoussuspects（嫌疑犯）lockedupinBritainsnewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowcolouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrimetheblueonthewallmighttipthebalance可知，黄色和蓝色是让人放松心情的颜色，所以在坦白罪行的时候能够缓解情绪，有利于罪行的交代，故选c＞考点二猜测代替词所替代的内容就近原则找指代猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词itonetheythisthatthesethosewhich等或助动词dodoesdid等具体替代什么可按以下三步进行返回原文，找到指代词一向上有时向下搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子一将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项【2022宝山二模】Butbewarned:Someescaperoomsareextraordinarybecausetheyareintense.Welearnedthatthehardwaywhenweinvitedalargegroupoffriendstoone.Someofthemhadnevertriedanescaperoombefore.Theywerealittlenervousbutweassuredthemthatescaperoomsarerelaxingandfiin.Theyarentscaryortoohighpressure/9wesaid.Wellwewerewrong.Itturnsoutsomeareabitoverthetopbutweenjoyedthattoo!Thereisnothinglikethefeelingofsolvingproblemsasateam.WhatdoesthewordTheyinboldinthelastparagraphprobablymeanA.Thewritersfriends.B.Thecompanies.C.Escaperooms.D.Theproblems.【答案】

62.C【解析】词句猜测题根据最后一段的“Someofthemhadnevertriedanescaperoombefore.Theywerealittlenervousbutweassuredthemthatescaperoomsarerelaxingandfun.他们当中有一些从来没有玩过密室逃脱他们有点紧张，但是我们向他们保证密室脱逃让人放松且有趣户可知，我的一些朋友害怕玩密室逃脱，因此作者试图说服他们放宽心去玩，密室逃脱一点都不可怕所以They”指的是“密空逃脱故选C项[2017闵行一模】Theyswimlovelyalongtheshorelookingfbrunderwatergreenstofeedon.ButthesedaysalongFloridaswesterncoastsomethingismixingwiththeseagrassthat加〃Q/ees海牛liketoeat.Anditsmakingthemsick-evenkillingthem.Thewordthem”inthe1stparagraphprobablyreferstoA.underwatergreensB.algaeC.manateesD.endangeredanimals【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题句意但在最近日子里，沿着佛罗里达的西海岸与海草混合着海牛喜欢吃东西而这正是海牛致病的东西，甚至杀了他们此处“then”指代句子前文部分出现的海牛广故选C考点三句意猜测题意义吻合推句意句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述具体技巧如下⑴返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案⑵一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已[2022徐汇二模】Thefastestgrowingnewlanguage5intheworldisemoticonsfacesandemojisimagesofobjectswhichhailfromJapanwhichareoneofthebiggestchangescausedbydigitalcommunications.FacialexpressionsvisualpresenceandbodylanguagehavealwaysbeenvitaltobeingaconfidentspeakerbutnowemojisarebluiringthelinesbetweenveibalandwrittencommunicationJthinksKermodewhoaddsthatcavemenhadearlyversionsofemojisonthesidesoftheircaves.Picturescartoonsoremojisare6shortcutssowecanbeclearaboutwhatourmessagereallymeans.”Whichofthefollowingstatementcorrectlyinterpretstheunderlinedsentencebutnowemojisareblurringthelinesbetweenveibalandwrittencommunicationinparagraph5Emojisaremixingupthespokenwordsandthewrittenwordsinourdailyconversations.Emojisaremakingthedifferencesbetweenspokenandwrittencommunicationlessclear.Emojisareinlinewithspokenandwrittenexpressions.Emojisarehelpingspokenandwrittencommunicationbecomemorestraight-forward.【答案】

57.B【解析】词句猜测题根据第五段的uFacialexpressionsvisualpresenceandbodylanguagehavealwaysbeenvitaltobeingaconfidentspeakerbutnowemojisareblurringthelinesbetweenverbalandwrittencommunication面部表情、视觉存在和肢体语言一直是成为一个自信的说话者的关键，但现在表情符号模糊了口头和书面交流之间的界限”可知，划线句子的意思是“表情符号使口头和书面交流之间的差异变得不那么清晰了故选B项[2018奉贤二模】Breathtakingsceneryandfamoussightseverywhere.FromthelegendaryIslandofCapritothehauntingruinsofPompeiiandfromtheunforgettable“AmalfiDrive^^tothedelightfulresortsofPositanoSorrentoandRavellotheareaisafeastfortheeyes!Shouldyouchoosetojoinusweknowthatyouwillnotbedisappointed!Theunderlinedpart“theareaisafeastfartheeyes“inthepassagemeans.A.theareaispleasingtotheeyeB.theareaisreallyunforgettable【答案】A【解析】句子理解题根据这一段中“Breathtakingsceneryandfamoussightseverywhere.可猜测出theareaisafeastfortheeyes的意思是“这个地方非常令人赏心悦目，故选A【2019青浦期末】Londonresolvedtoliveafullexcitinglife.Heoncesaid“Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor（流星）.everyatomofmeinmagn击centglowthanasleepyandpermanentplanet.Eachdayhepushedhimself.OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriternothingcouldstophim.Hisgoalwastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday.Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick.Ineighteenyearsthewriterpublishedfifty-onebooksandhundredsofarticles.Hewasthebest-sellingandhighest-paidauthorofhisday.Manypeoplealsoconsideredhimtobethebestwriter.WhiteFangandTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingintheAlaskanwilderness.ReaderscanenjoyJackLondonsenergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtimetheyopenoneofhisnovels.TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicatesthatJackLondon.A.isexpertatuniverse.B.aimshighandstrivetosucceed.C.isexcitedaboutlifeifthewildness.D.faceachoicebetweenlifeanddeath.【答案】B【解析】句子理解根据最后一段Heoncesaid”1wouldratherbeasuperbmeteor（流星）everyatomofmeinmagnificentglowthanasleepyandpermanentplanet.Eachdayhepushedhimself.他曾说“我宁愿成为一颗卓越的流星，我的每一个原子都在灿烂的光辉中，也不愿成为一个沉睡的、永恒的行星.”每天，他都在鞭策自己.可知暗示JackLondon要制定高远目标奋斗到成功，故选B.【例1】（2021•全国中卷・C篇）SouthbankataneasternbendintheThamesisthecenterofBritishskateboardingwherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Ttmeanthello.Itmeantdontworryaboutit.Oncewhentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（横杆），IfellontothestonesdamaginganerveinmyhandandTobycameoverhelpingmeup:Safeman.Safe.AfewminuteslaterwhenIlandedthetrickmyfriendsbeattheirboardsloudshouting:Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat*swhatmattered——landingtricksbeingagoodskater.

9.WhatdotheunderlinedwordsSafe!Safe!Safe!probablymean【解析】词义猜测题根据画线词下文“Andthafswhatmattered—landingtricksbeingagoodskater.（那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家广可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼由此可推知，画线词指“落地技巧完美，干得漂亮”故选B【例2】（2020•新高考I卷・C篇）Inthemid-1990sTomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonthsphysicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.AfewyearslaterstillattractedtothecountryhereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisithoweverendedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.HencethisbookChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsiawhichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstanwheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangelandandofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustamhistranslatoralovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCaliforniaOlegandNatashahishostsinTashkentandastringofforeignaidworkers.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2refertoA.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B・TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【答案】D【解析】指代判断题上文提到了Bissell（比塞尔）写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，然后画线词所在句提到他的访问最终涉及的事远不止这个，因而才有了ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia这本书由此可知，画线词that指的是“写有关咸海的文章”故选D【例3】（2019•浙江高考・B篇）Moneywithnostringsattached.Itsnotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonthaboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread“GiveWhatYouCanTakeWhatYouNeed.”Whatdoestheexpression“Moneywithnostringsattachedinparagraph1meanA.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B・Moneynotlegallymade.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.Moneynottiedtogether.【答案】C【解析】句意猜测题根据本段中的“GiveWhatYouCanTakeWhatYouNeed.（尽你所能，取你所需户可知，此处“Moneywithnostringsattached”的意思是“无条件地提供钱“故选Co【例3】（2019•全国高考・B篇）Iguessthattheresprobablysomedemandingworkscheduleorsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtuattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsarentevenon...AtthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksupAlright.YesIlldoit.”Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasetu殳attheheartstrinEs“inparagraph2meanA.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.［解析］词义猜测题根据划线前句shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.和下面的一句话ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsarentevenon.・•可矢口，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意故选B▼略败於逊ANothingsucceedslikesuccessaseveryparentofastraight-AstudentknowsbuttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchildYouresosmart!”maybecouete里roductive.WhyAccordingtoa2017studychildrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback重新振作frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.Inthestudyresearcherslookedat123children.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhadagrowthmindsef^believingthatyoucanworkhardertogetsmarterora“fixedmindset”believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange.Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafast-pacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Duringtherecordingresearchersnotedthatbrainactivitystoppedwithinahalf-secondaftermakingamistakeaschildrenbecameawareoftheirmistakeandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewasthemorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedatatheyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset^^weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.Whilechildrenwitha“fixedmindset“wereableto“bounceback”onlyiftheygavetheirfullattentiontothemistake.Forparentsthelessonsareclear.Dontpayyourchildrencomplimentsthatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfyourchildhandsyouanA+scoredontsayYouresosmart!^^Insteadsay“Wowthatstudyingreallypaidoff!”or“Youclearlymasteredthismaterial-waytogo!”Notetheeffortnottheintelligence.Besidesmanyparentshyawayfromaddressingachildsmistakestellingthem“ItsOK.Youllgetitnexttime.withoutofferingthemthechancestofigureoutwhatgoeswrong.Insteaditsbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappenandworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.

9.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainscounterproductive“underlinedinparagraph1A.OppositeB.CompetitiveA.essenceB.amateurC.influentialD.balancedE.recognitionF.highlightsG.maximizingH.overwhelminglyI.talentedJ.obsessionK.prioritize。