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2023年初中英语语法学习之非谓语动词用法与高频考点非谓语动词用法在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词分为三种形式不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)非谓语动词的作用Iquicklylowermyselfduckingmyheadtoavoidlookdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeelchallenged.Butunlikeschoolfriends16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termrest.MyambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroduceBritishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Stilltheboykeptride.【考点七】v./短语+todo
1.Pickingupher^LifetimeAchievement^awardproudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplansretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.Oncehismessagewasdeliveredheallowedmestayandwatch.ButSarahwhohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswantsprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeautyIheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriverbutherefusedstopuntilwereachedthenextstop.【考点八】n.+done表被动Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecoratewithredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Theadobedwellings土坯房buildbythepuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.【考点九】todo表目的ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChange-4findandstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetoutfindthewell-knownpainter.Onourwaytothehouseitwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn11helpwonderinghowlongitwouldtakegetthere.Youdonthavetorunfastorforlongseethebenefit.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofriceimprovewaterquality.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetalcreatespecialdesigns.Ittookyearsofworkreducetheindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.短文改错【考点一】doing-done互换(2020全国卷I)IlikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggsandIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.【考点二】todo不定式原形Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.Itellmymomthatifwereforcedeatthingswemaybecomeill.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.AsakidIlovedtowatchcartoonsbutnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthemmyparentswouldnottoletme.Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivityotherswerenervousandanxious.Whensummercomestheywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthevegetables.【考点三】,doingAllthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudlysaythatIhadatalentforfootball.Everyonewassilentwaittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.【考点四】介词+doingIfIsucceedinmanageoneIwillopenmore.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做具体如下.不定式做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.(作主语)学会一门外语是很难的Itseasytoseetheiraunt.(作真正主语,it做形式主语)很容易见到他们的姑姑Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.(作宾语)汤姆想要喝杯啤酒Hiswishistobeadriver.(作表语)他的愿望是当一名司机Ihavenothingtosay.(作定语)我没有什么可说的Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.(作宾语补足语)老师让我们做早操Theywenttoseetheiraunt.(目的状语)他们去见他们的姑姑.动名词做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语LearningEnglishisverydifficult.(作主语)学英语非常困难Ienjoydancing.(作动词宾语)我喜欢跳舞Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.(作介词宾语)我已经习惯了住农村Hisjobisdrivingabus.(作表语)他的工作是开车.现在分词做表语、定语、状语和补语Thestoryisinteresting.这个故事有趣Hesattherereadinganewspaper.(作状语)他坐在那里,读着一张报纸Theareabeingstudiedmayberichincoal.(作定语)这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤Hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank.(作宾补)他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱.过去分词做表语、定语、状语和补语Heisinterestedinthenews.(作表语)他对这则消息很感兴趣pollutedriver(做定语)被污染的河流GivenmoretimeIcandomyworkbetter.(做状语)如果再被多给些时间,我会把工作做得更好Ifoundmywatchstolen.(做宾补)我发现我的手表被偷了Ilikedivingverymuch.我十分喜欢跳水这项运动动名词diving作宾语,用来表达跳水运动这一概念,不含有本人是否会跳水这一含义Idontliketheirarguingaboutitwithsuchpeople.我反感他们为了那件事与那样一些人大吵大闹动名词短语theirarguing作宾语,用来表达过去发生过的事情2)rememberforgetYoumustremembertogetintouchwiththelocalguidewhenyougetthere.你们一定要记住到那以后与当地导游取得联系不定式短语togetintouchwith作宾语,用来表示未来即将发生的动作Iremembertellingthemaboutitonce.我记得曾经跟他们说过这件事动名词短语tellingthem作宾语,用来表达过去发生过的事情Illneverforgethavingworkedtherewithfarmersfornearlyamonth.我永远也忘不了与农民在那里工作了近一个月的日日夜夜动名词短语havingworkedthere作宾语,用来强调过去发生过并延续一段时间的事情在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义.在needwantrequirebear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式例Thehouseneedsrepairingtoberepaired.这房子需要修理.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.二Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead..动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoontodo与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系)试比较I11gotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者).在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义这些形容词有niceeasyfitharddifficultimportantimpossiblepleasantinteresting等例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme)..在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy..在therebe…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物例Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).(用tolose可看成forustolose;用tobelost谁losttime不明确).在betodo结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rentblamelet等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire【解题技巧】语法填空中
一、判断出括号里是动词
二、判断所在句已经有谓语动词
三、如果不是词性转换,考虑填非谓语动词todo表示目的翻译“为了,去做”doing表示进行、主动done表示完成、被动单句语法填空高考A组【考点一】beadj.todoTheyareeasycareforandmakegreatpresents.Modemmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980sandareexpensiveperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheofficeyou11belesslikelybringyourworkhome.Whenanewdaybreaksthewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughcoolthehouseduringthehotday.【考点二】bedonetodo
1.Theyarerequiredprocessthefoodthatweeattorecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.【考点三】介词+doingScientistshaverespondedbynotethathungrybearsmaybecongregating聚集aroundhumansettlementsleadingtoA90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”forbeBritain1soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.Youmaydrinksmokebeoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdieearlybyrunning.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;byeatmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeautywhatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithoutuseelectricequipment.OnemorningIwaswaitingatthebusstopworriedaboutbelateforschool.【考点四】,+doing表伴随Onthelastdayofourweek-longstaywewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestarslistentomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.Thisincludeddigginguptheroadlaythetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.Peopleprobablycookedtheirroodinlargepotsusetwigs树枝toremoveit.【考点五】n.+doing表主动Theyrepresenttheearthcomebacktolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurroundthemountaintopshewasreducedtotears.Whenwegotacallsayshewasshort-listedwethoughtitwasajoke.AbercrombieKentatravelcompanyinHongKongsaysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeopleliveinShanghaiandHongKong.【考点六】v./while/when+doing
1.Chinasapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeeditscitizens。