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学英语简洁吗?确定会有很多学生说“难死了”为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢?答案只有一个“不得法”英语与汉语一样都是一种语言,为什么你说汉语会如此流利?那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中,假如你在伦敦呆上半年,保准说起英语来会特别流利但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境,那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境,坚持“多说多听、多读、多写那么你的英语成果确定会很精彩
一、多“说”自己多创建机会与英语老师多讲英语,见了同学,尤其是和好挚友在一起时尽量用英语去问候,谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典,遇到生词时查一下这些生词,也不用刻意去记,用的多了,这个单词自然而然就会记住千万别把学英语当成负担,始终把它当成一件好玩的事情去做或许你有机会碰上外国人,你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼,和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪,婚史等私人问题尽量用一些你学过的词汇句子去和他谈天说地不久你会发觉与老外闲聊要比你与中国人谈英语简洁的多因为他和你交谈时会用很多简洁词汇,而且不太看重说法,你只要发音精确,准能顺当地沟通下去只是你必须要有信念,敢于表达自己的思想假如没有合适的伙伴也没关系,你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象对它谈你一天的所见所闻,谈你的欢乐,你的哀痛等等,长此坚持下去你的口语确定会有较大的提高
二、多“听”找寻一切可以听英语的机会别人用英语交谈时,你应当大胆地去参与,多听听各种各样人的发音,男女老少,节奏快的慢的你都应当接触到,假如这样的机会少的话,你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听,这将会对你帮助很大,而你去听学过的课文的磁带,那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助
三、多“读,“读”可以分为两种一种是“默读”每天赐予确定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处,读的内容可以是你的课本,但最好是一些好玩的小读物因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系,所以经过中学三年阅读的训练后,你必定会在高考中胜券在握另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不行少的一种学习途径
四、多“写”有的同学总是埋怨时间紧,根本没时间写作文其实“写”的形式很多,不确定就写作文才提高写作实力比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情,或当天学了某一个词组,你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法,又可以熬炼你的写作实力,比如学“wish”一词时,可写一小段如下Theteacheroftenasksuswhatwewanttobeinthefuture.MygoodfriendTomwishestobeasoldier.However.rmdifferent.1wishIwereateacherinthefuture.Butmymotherwishesmetobeadoctor.missaprettyimportantclasscheckthenotesexplorethetopicpublishedresourcesreferenceplagiarism(票U窃)/getanearlystart.图书管理员与学生关系Magazineperiodicaljournalreferencebookbibliography(文献学)stacks(一大堆),authorwritercataloguerenewmakethephotocopyreturnthebooks.营业员与顾客的关系Onsaleelevatorbargainpricesaresoaringjeanstipcoffeepotfreezer(冰箱)leatherplasticpullovers(套衫)/cashiercheck-incheck-outstandpiepizzasaladhamburgersandwichFrenchfriessoupice-creamdessertsoftdrinkbeerribsmuttonchefwaiterwaitressmenupreservebookordersteaksrawmediumwell-donepoultrysoysauce(酱油),vinegarappetizercocktailtreatsbspecialdish(特色菜)goDutch(AA制)papernapkin.Restaurant医生与病人LoseweightgainweightworriedaboutcomedownwithillnessFlu(流感)feverbloodpressurepatientclinichealthcentrediagnosetaketemperatureprescriptionwardinjectiontakethepill/tablet/drug(吃药)/headachestomachache(肚子痛),dentist(牙科医反).修理工与顾客Repairmancustomerplumbercarpenterelectricianchecktheoilgasolinemeter(速度表,水表等)/pumptireflattirebrakedown.消遣GoonapicnichikingtripcampingtripgotoaconcertseeamovieplaytheballIamcountingthedaystakeabreakrelaxanight-outtakeyourmindoffyourtest..天气Niceweatherclearupcoldenoughforskatingsnowtoomuchtofly.兼职Teachingassistantresearchassistantlabassistantadministrativeassistantnanny(保姆)babysitterdishwashingfooddeliveryapplicant(申请人)/referenceletter(举荐信)salarywagedemandphysicalendurancepre-careertrainingpermanentemploymentpart-timejob.居住Apartmentbasementflatdepositlivein/o仔campussublet(转租)ztemporaryaccommodation(临时住处)landlord(房东)landladymessyaleakyfaucettenantaffordspacious(宽敞的).宾馆Frontdeskreceptionistdoubleroomsingleroomroomnumberluggage.机场BoardgateterminaK航空站),announcementdutydutyfreecustoms(海关)immigrationofficeluggagesuitcasevisa(签证)/passport(护照)zpassengerpilotairhostess.数量概念Spendcostpaymiss(错过)/pricerentdeposit(存储)savingloan(贷款)charge(收费)ataprice/rateof...(以…的价格)last(持续)dozen(一打)acoupeofapairofaroundapproximately(大约)roughlymoreorlessnearlyalmostovermorethanabove.加减关系MorelesslateearlyfastslowbeforeafterDelayprolong(延长)postpone(推迟,延期)behindschedule(晚于预期的时间)/saveincreasedecreaseleft(剩下的)herest(其余的,剩余的)乘除关系Multiply(乘)divide(除)ztimes(倍)ztwicepercentage(百分比)halfofdoubleaquarterof(四分之一)triple(三倍)twice/twotimesas...asthe...of(是…的两倍).分数、小数、百分数的表示方法1/3onethird1/4onefourth75%seventy-fivepercent
79.03%seventy-ninepointzerothreepercent多位数表达法9743ninethousandsevenhundredandforty-three.19857242nineteenmillioneighthundredandfifty-seventhousandtwohundredandforty-two.时刻的读法515aquarterpast/afterfive或fivefifteen245aquartertothree或twoforty-five730halfpastseven或seventhirty910tenpastnine或nineten1400twopm0025twenty-fivepast/aftermidnight2400midnight/twenty-fourmayseventhnineteenninety-eightnineteenninetytwothousandandfivethedaybeforeyesterdaythedayaftertomorroweveryotherday或everytwodaystheotherday或afewdaysagoeverytwoweeks或everyotherweek饭店Bookreservewaiterwaitressatablefortwomenutaketheorderdrinksoftdrinkbeveragewhiskywinechampagne(香端酉),startermaincourse(主菜)dessertsoupcoffeesteakbeefpayabillgoDutchcafeteriabuffetpizzaapplepietip(小费),chef(厨师),saltpeppermushroomtasteservenapkinsnackworththemoney.宾馆Checkin(登记入住)checkoutroomroomservicedoubleroomsingleroomsuite(套「可)bookmakeareservationreceptionfrontdeskrestaurantporter(机场或宾馆的搬运工),laundry(干洗店),registrationhousekeeper.邮局Stampregularmailregisteredmailexpressmailairmailparcelpostagepostcardpostalcodeletterfirstclasseconomicclassoverweighttelegram.医院Doctorpatientoperationdiagnosediagnosismedicinefevercoughsneezetakeonestemperaturepilltabletsymptomprescriptioninjection(挂点滴)X-rayexaminationsurgerysurgeon(夕卜科医生)physician(内科医生),emergencyroomasorethroathighbloodpressureheartdiseaseappointmentphysicalexampainkiller(止痛片)depressivebluemooddown.学校CampuscourseacademicassignmenthomeworkexamgradecreditsfailurepassBachelorsdegree(学士学位)MAphDdormitoryrequire/compulsorycourseelective/optionalcoursediploma(毕业证书)certificateblackboardwhiteboard(白板)classroomprofessorteacherstudenttermsemester(学期)anacademicyear(学年),departmentfaculty(全体教职员工)dean(院长),majorminortuitioncurriculum(课程设置)firstyearsecondyearfreshmansophomorejuniorseniorundergraduatestudentgraduatestudenttermpaperscholarship.图书馆Cataloguedueoverduerenew(续借)fine(罚款)fiction(<|、说)Journal(期刊,报干II)periodical(周期的,定期的,杂志)circulationdeskreferencebooklibrarycardpublicationbookshelf.银行Cashbalanceopenanaccountwithdrawdepositchequeforeigncurrencyexchangeratesavesavingsloaninterestrateservicechargebankclerk.商店Aspecialsaleonsalegroceriesfoodfruitsvegetablesmilkbreaddrinksbargainbrandfashioncashcashiersdeskcountercheckexpensivecheapchangesdiscountmediumsizetightlooseoutofstockreceipt(收据),invoice(发票).书店Bookbestsellermappagepriceofabookstationary.选课场景dropclassclassmeetstakeacoursechoosecoursehighrequirementoptionalcoursehardtofollow听课场景Lateforclassmiss/attendthelecturepresentationbriefingassignmentsinterestingboringtopiccopy作业场景collectdatareportdeadlinedrawnearaskforextensionfinishduesubmitprojectproposalsearchresearch考试场景Passcreditsexamsfailcongratulationscheerup买书、读书、借书场景outofprintreadselectivelynovelhardtofollowreferencebookscheckoutreturnabooklendtextbooks谈论学习场景partnerprojectapplytheorytoprogramarticleearnalotfromclassmakealotofsensespresent购物场景Reasonablepricediscountexpensiveagoodbuyarealbargain外出就餐场景waiterwaitressmenuserveorderreserveatabledininghallmakeareservationatableforfourdineout日常生活场景apartmentsinkleakingfixmaintenancefailureofelectricheaterlockoneskeysinstallshowershelffurniture组织和参与活动场景Schoolradiostationpostercompetitionclubmemberseminarwinrunforchairmandance看戏、看电影、听音乐会场景Concertticketartgalleryplayshownoticketleft旅行场景Tripflightswitchseesb.offdeparturetimeflygatesafetyposeforapicturerunoutoffilmvisitseasidecanceltheplanchange谈同事、谈工作的场景Lateforjobemployeeemployerbossmanagerclienthaveameetingboringunfitforajobcomplainaboutonesjob求职场景Interviewnervousapplicationlettercompanyjobopportunitygiveagoodimpressiontakeanewjobfeelconfidentconfirmanappointmentdressup社会交际场景Callindropbyinvitepartygiftbirthdaydinnermeetsb.phoneafriend.关于保持健康Exerciseloseweightdoctorquit/giveupsmokingcheckupappointment租房和搬家场景Two-bedroomapartmentfurniturefurnishedrentahouseavailablenoise关于汽车emergencybrakefixpaintparkparkinglotrollrunused关于教化TermpaperassignmentcomputergamesreviewoneslessonsWhatdoestheman/womanimplyWhatdidconversationmostprobablytakeplaceMakeendsmeetMakeup(ones)mindOutofbusinessResultinRun/have/getatemperatureRushhourTheotherdayTurnoutYoubetHowareyoudoingOhjustsoso.Endupdropout(辍学)Comeacross(偶遇)•BREAK语言教室四级系列(内部资料•四级听力)四级高频词汇、词组
(2)需驾驭指数★★★★★Aroundthecorner//ChristmasisaroundthecorneroSpeeding//ThetaxidrivermusthavebeenspeedingoAchieve//Achievehappiness/achievesuccessoHavenoidea//FvenoideawheretheideascomefromComeupwith//HowdidyoucomeupwiththenamesofyourcharactersImpact//HaveadirectimpactonyourbodyElementaryandmiddleschoolstudentoRate//RatethestudentsintodifferentlevelsRecall//Renew//Recalloldthings/oldmaterial;renewthecontract.Takeintoconsideration//TheydidnttakeweatherintoconsiderationoTurnupsidedownDistractedbynoiseoCrashedintoatreeReluctant//willing//HewasreluctantlytodothatoTakeplace//GreatchangeshavebeentookplaceoBan//ThelawsbanthedriverfromusingcellphoneAudience//InfrontoflargeaudienceoTransmit//Transmitknowledgefromonegenerationtoanother0Restriction//StrictrestrictionoCatchcoldoColdvirus/computervirusoRemedyforcoldoSymptomofcoldoTakingmedicineRunningtemperatureoException//Englishisnoexception/thereisnoexceptionoReferencebook/referenceletteroBeboundtodosth//Thereareboundtobesomewordsandphrasesthatbelongintheformallanguageandothersinformal./theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrowResume//Wereceiveyourresumelastweek.Financial//Stock//Bond//WereasmallfinancialcompanytradingmostlystocksandbondsoPutupwith//mightaswell//Ifyoucanputupwiththenoiseyoumightaswelllivehere.Inchargeof//InchargeofateamofeightbrokersClient//Webuyandsellstocksinthestockmarketformajorclientsworldwide.Candidate//Youarecandidateforthisposition/presidentcandidateoHumanresource/PersonnelDepartment/RDDepartmentoPhilosophy//psychology//1wanttodophilosophyratherthanpsychologyoTalksboutofdoingsth//Persuade//MyfathertalkedmeoutofchoosingBusinessManagementoProspect//myjobprospectswouldhavebeenprettylimitedoResist//ButGreekchurchresiststhispracticeoSupport//MyfathersupportcarryingoutthepolicyoLookupto//admire/JohnadmireshissisteroSchedule//timeschedule//busschedule//planescheduleoAdjust//AdjustingtocountrysidelifeIndustry//foodindustry//tourismindustry//entertainmentindustryoHowistheprojectgoingoComealong//EverythingiscomingalongreallywelloCompetition//competitor//competingwithoResultin//TheseinvestmentwillresultingreatlossesDegreecertificate//teachercertificate//birthcertificateoPhysicallymentallyandemotionallyshocked.Surgery//operationoEmergencyroomAmbulanceoHighbloodpressureoHeartattack//heartdiseaseoCancer.Stomachbleeding//OrgansoBedreactionoInjuryoOnlychildFamilyplanningpolicyoSpoiledoSelf-centeroShiftfrom...to...//WhenmyinterestshiftedfromspacetotheseaIneverexpecteditwouldcausesuchconfusionoUnderwaterexploration//spaceexploration0SurvivingskillsoCold-bloodcreature//warm-bloodcreatureoSpecies//birdspeciesoHatetodosth//1hatetotellyouthisbutIcantseemtofindthemOutoftheway//dontyouthinkthatcinemaisalittleoutoftheway.Goahead//gorightahead.//canIborrowyourbikeGoahead!Gothrough//youmightgothroughtheirindexestoseewhatyouwantedoPressconferenceoTakepartin//participate//takepartinthecontestoEngagement//marriagepropose//weddingceremony//diamondringoBride//bridegroomoMaintain//maintainagivenbodyweightoDropaclass//dropoutofschool//quitschool//ImgoingtodropmyInformationScienceclassoDropby//stopby//IlldropbyonSundayoGoover//IvegottogoovermynotesfortomorrowmidtermoMoreorless//thescoresaremoreorlessthesameFlat=apartment〃ImringingabouttheflatoDiveinto//hedivedintotherivertosavetheboyRescue//MichelhasrescuedmorethattwentypeopleinthisriveroAlcoholabuse//braincell//cellphoneoAlcoholabusekillsbraincelloInvestigate//wehaveinvestigatearangeofdifferentmodelstoseewhichisthebestoBefamiliarwith//peoplewhoarefamiliarwithdifferentcamerasoAssess//evaluate//valuation//assessestheimpactoftyphoonoRuninto//1ranintooneofmyoldfriendonthestreetoToo...to...//toobusytocallyouoSufferfrom//sufferingfromhighbloodpressureDistancelearningcourse0Makesense//whatyousaymakenosenseo.Becuriousabout//becurioustodosth//ImcurioustoknowwhatshesaidoIndispensable//theirservicewereindispensabletothenation.Film//canyoutakeapictureofmeImafraidIverunoutofthefilmIfonly//thefoodinthisrestaurantishorrible.IfonlywedgonetotheschooldinninghalloGivesbhand=dosbafavor//canyougivemeahandMikeAdequate//inadequate//pritectiveservicesareinadequateoBreakinto//AchiefhasbrokenintothehouseoOverseastudent//internationalstudent0Complicated//simple//JacksonwastoocomplicatedtounderstandoPeacefullife//stressfuljobComplainabout//complainthat//SusanalwayscomplainstheseandthatoTendto——//——IsolateoneselffromsthThenon-readerstendtoisolatethemselvesfromthecommunity.Attempttodosth//Editorsandpublishersareattemptingtowinoldreader.Helpdosth//thiswillhelpovercomethetimeproblem.Represent//eachtreeringrepresentsayearofgrowth.Beundertheimpressionof/that---只几句话但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上,这样写下来印象会深刻得多,这样比死记硬背wish的用法也好玩轻松的多学习英语不用花大块的时间,10分钟的漫步可以练”说二吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说,睡前听几分钟英语,可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语,你的英语成果确定会很快提高的背英语单词技巧
1、循环记忆法艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库,人脑经验过的事物,思索过的问题,体验过的情感和心情,练习过的动作,都可以成为人们记忆的内容例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子,甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的从“记“到“忆“是有个过程的,这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆有很多人在学习英语的过程中只留意了学习当时的记忆效果,孰不知,要想做好学习的记忆工作,是要下一番工夫的,单纯的留意当时的记忆效果,而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的在信息的处理上,记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程,从信息处理的角度上,英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程人的记忆的实力从生理上讲是特别惊人的,它可以存贮1015比特(byte字节)的信息,可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%还有更多的记忆发挥空间这是因为,有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果,却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题■•即记忆的坚固度问题,那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律
一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线说明德国有一位闻名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(HermannEbbinghaus1850-1909)他在1885年发表了他的试验报告后,记忆探讨就成了心理学中被探讨最多的领域之一,而艾宾浩斯正是发觉记忆遗忘规律的第一人依据我们所知道的,记忆的保持在时间上是不同的,有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种而我们平常的记忆的过程是这样的输入的信息在经过人的留意过程的学习后,便成为了人的短时的记忆,但是假如不经过刚好的复习,这些记住过的东西就会遗忘,而经过了刚好的复习,这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆,从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间那么,对于我们来讲,怎样才叫做遗忘呢,所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来,也不能回忆起来,或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆这些都是遗忘艾宾浩斯在做这个试验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的,他得出了一些关于记忆的结论他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节,也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合,比如aswwcfhhjijikmbrfyjbc等等他经过对自己的测试,得到了一些数据然后,艾宾浩斯又依据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线,这就是特别出名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线,图中竖轴表示学习中记住的学问数量,横轴表示时间(天数),曲线表示记忆量改变的规律这条曲线告知人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的,遗忘的进程不是均衡的,不是固定的一天丢掉几个,转天又丢几个的,而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快,后来就渐渐减慢了,到了相当长的时候后,几乎就不再遗忘了,这就是遗Iheardthereareseatslefttheshowtonight.reallyIwasundertheimpressionthattheticketsweresoldoutalongtimeage.Loseonestemper//1graduallylostmytemper.Shocked//Shewasshockedtheaircrash.Onceinawhile//suchthoughtsmayhavecrossedyourmindonceinawhile.Regardlessof//regardlessofyourheightageanddistance.Change//hiJanedoyouhavesomechangeIhavetomakeacallonthepayphone.Stimulating//teachingisstimulatingjob.Wearsth/sbout//theywerewornoutafteralongday.Runoutof/woulddo/notparticularly/acoupleof/pickup/getover/ontime/takeoff/inspiteof/bearound/familynamesecondnamesurnamefirstnamegivennamenickname/dateofbirth/callonsb./tureforsb/readthrough/flattype/tiredof/sickof/bookup/atablefor/accompaniedby/outofprintoutofworkoutofbreathoutoffashionoutofsightoutofstockoutofdate/officehours/feellikedoingsth./lookforwardto/one-waystreet/wornout/confirmonesappointment.听力高频重点词Expect/retire-retirement/educate-education/arrange-arrangement/participatein-participant/experience/apply-application/invite-invitation/resource-resourceful/afford/beboundto/meantodo/indicate/maintain-maintenance/interrupt/interfere/Outof.../crime-criminal/exhaustedOver-overwork/oversleep/overcharge/overdraw/overtake/overcome/overhear/overlookMake.makesbdosth/makesbsth..makeit..makeanappointment/makemoney/makeoneslives/maketheeffort/makeinquiries/makeasuccessfulmanage/makeamess/makeamistakeHave havesbdosth.Get Geton/Getthrough/Getover/Getdownto/Getround/around/Getbackto/Getby/GetoutofTake takesomebooks/takedrugsmedicines/takeabus/takeanexam//takefivecourses/takeabathshower/takeavacation/takesometimetodosth./takeover/takeup/takeon/takegoodcareof/takeoffBreak Breakdown/breakin/breakup/breakoff/breakout/breakthrough/数量词组Hundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof/agreatvarietyof/dozensof/allkindsof/allsortsof/alargequantityof/agreatdealofStay/look/sound/feel/taste/seem/keep/smellSuppose/guess/wonder没事就用这些词练练你的嘴皮子s•说吧,你是想死呢还是不想活了?•好久没有人把牛皮吹的这么清爽脱俗了!•你给我滚,快马加鞭的滚・・・・・・•人人都说我丑,其实我只是美得不明显•无理取闹,必有所图!•天被熬亮了•不是路不平,而是你不行•恶心妈妈抱着恶心哭得很难过,为什么呢?因为恶心死了•要不是打不过你,我早就和你翻脸了•我这心碎得,捧出来跟饺子馅似的•没人牵手,我就揣兜•我的爱好爱好可分为静态和动态两种,静态就是睡觉,动态就是翻身・・•唉〜这人要一没正形,连头痛都是偏的•我这人不太懂音乐,所以时而不靠谱,时而不着调•怎么会突然想哭?莫非我也有些逆流成河的小悲伤?•好美丽的美女叔叔啊!•我不跟猪摔跤有两个缘由首先这让我自己变得很脏,其次这让猪很兴奋•没事偷着乐是不太可能了,偷着胖还是有点儿希望.•放下屠刀立地成佛的意思是,你放下屠刀的那一刻对方把你砍成两瓣儿了•没事可做时,觉得最累•李碧华说过什么叫多余?夏天的棉袄,冬天的蒲扇,还有等我已经心冷后你的殷勤•恒久年轻,恒久装嫩,恒久不知好歹,恒久热泪盈眶•我爸面对我发胖一事发表了看法没有韩红的命,还得了韩红的病•你来我信你不会走,你走我当你没来过一我们该这样对待缘分与爱•曾以为我是那崖畔的一枝花,后来才知道,不过是人海一粒渣•荡气回肠,消化不良•女人喜爱长的坏坏的男人,并不是喜爱长坏了的男人・・•麻子不叫麻子,坑人•江湖险恶,不行就撤!•不敲几下,你不行能知道一个人或一个西瓜的好坏•孤独的人常表现得很坚毅;孤独的人则多半温柔•大笑是绽放的微笑•我的意中人是个绝色大美女,最终有一天她会骑着喷火的恐龙来嫁给我的,可是我望见了她的坐骑,却没有望见她的主子•孤寂是一个人的狂欢,狂欢是一群人的孤寂•虽担心分,也该守己•人不犯我,我不犯人人若犯我,我就生气!•别逼我,否则我宏大起来,一发不行整理•我们是平凡的人,我们也是特殊的人,所以我们是特殊平凡的人•那个人敢说自己纯净?瞧你那眼神就透着浑浊•没有什么比弱者对强者的鄙视更无力了•如有雷同,纯属你抄我•笨鸟先飞,笨猪先肥•当你的眼泪忍不住要流出来的时候,睁大眼睛,千万别挤眼,你会看到世界由清晰到模糊的全过程•告知你别逼我,你要是再逼我,我就装死给你看•年轻算什么,谁没年轻过?你老过吗?真是的•别用世故的样子来武装自己,它会水土不服•说明就是掩饰,掩饰就是编故事•所谓门槛,过去了便是门,过不去就成了槛•生疏阻挡你相识生疏的事物,熟识阻碍你理解熟识的事物•人生的哀痛就在于,当你想两肋插刀的时候,却只有一把刀•假如全是老姜,将是一个何等辛辣的社会•狮子不会因为听到狗吠而回头•水越深,水流越平稳•在你不当回事的时候,一切就好了起来•无论是国王还是农夫,只要能在自己家里找到安静,他就是最华蜜的人•一分钱一分货,稀饭吃了不经饿.•水壶啊,你为什么哭泣,是因为屁股太烫了吗?•假如命运抓住了你的喉咙,你就挠命运鸣胳肢窝•拦着成长的不是无趣,而是自以为成熟•假如命运折断了你的腿,他会教你如何跛行•打死你我也不说•左脑全是水,右脑全是面粉,不动便罢了,一动全是浆糊•挣钱就像用针掘地,花钱就像水渗进土里•我也有要去的地方,只是我要去的地方,没道路通向那里•你奢侈的粮食都会堵在你去往天堂的路上•生活是丰富多彩的,但我也有自己的颜色•假如有一天我失踪了,只有两种可能身体在旅行,或者灵魂在旅行人格与IgF号一同为亮•你的丑和你的脸没有关系•我从来没有欺瞒过你,因为我从来没有欺瞒你的必要•我可以选择放弃,但我不能放弃选择•天没降大任于我,照样苦我心志,劳我筋骨•或许好像或许是,然而未必不见得•再过一百年,就长成了参天大葱•华蜜就是当你照镜子的时候,喜爱你看到的那个人忘的发展规律,即“先快后慢”的原则视察这条遗忘曲线,你会发觉,学得的学问在一天后,如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的25%)随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢,遗忘的数量也就削减有人做过一个试验,两组学生学习一段课文甲组在学习后不久进行一次复习,乙组不予复习,一天后甲组保持98%乙组保持56%;一周后甲组保持83%乙组保持33%乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高
二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线而且,艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的试验中发觉,记住12个无意义音节,平均须要重复
16.5次;为了记住36个无意义章节,需重复54次;而记忆六首诗中的480个音节,平均只须要重复8次!这个试验告知我们,凡是理解了的学问,就能记得快速、全面而坚固不然,愣是死记硬背,那也是费劲不讨好的因此,比较简洁记忆的是那些有意义的材料,而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费劲气,在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松因此,艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线,而且是对无意义的音节而言,对于与其他材料的对比,艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线,不过他们大体上都是一样的因此,艾宾浩斯的试验向我们充分证明了一个道理,学习要勤于复习,而且记忆的理解效果越好,遗忘的也越慢
三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线•■特性化的艾宾浩斯上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在试验室中经过了大量测试后,产生了不同的记忆数据,从而生成的一种曲线,是一个具有共性的群体规律此记忆曲线并不考虑接受试验个人的特性特点,而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律但是记忆规律可以详细到我们每个人,因为我们的生理特点、生活经验不同,可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点规律对于自然人改造世界的行为,只能起一个催化的作用,假如与每个人的记忆特点相吻合,那么就如顺水扬帆,一日千里;假如与个人记忆特点相悖,记忆效果则会大打折扣因此,我们要依据每个人的不同特点,找寻到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线2》如何学英语下定决心,坚持不懈英语学习作为一门语言技能,通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以驾驭的一般地说,英语学习的原则是听、说领先,读、写跟上李扬的疯狂英语提倡,首先建立起我能学好英语的信念,然后以句子为单位,大量地仿照,疯狂地操练,大声地朗读,最终达到自如地说英语,他的方法对提高说英语的实力很奏苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法,他的方法强调以听为主,并且把所听到的内容全部写下来尤其是他的学习精神最可佳,他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机,你可想象他听了多少英语;用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐,你可想象他写了多少,在一年半内,累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时,也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语假如我们做到他那样,确定也能学好英语最重要的是坚持,只要能下定决心,坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语,战胜自我最终确定会有收获的留意方法,按部就班决心下定,还留意学习方法,有时依据自己的状况和不同的学习目的,选择不同的学习方法,但是学习英语确定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走要把基础学问驾驭好,也就是说,发音要正确、基本词汇要驾驭牢、基本句式要娴熟、基本语法要会用1要过好语音关把每一个音标发正确,留意改正有问题的音素,特殊是那些简洁混淆的音素,尽早地驾驭国际音标,并尽量的驾驭一些读音规则,尽快地能利用读音规则来拼单词,驾驭读音规则对单词的记忆和拼法特别有用2驾驭确定数量的英语单词对于学习者来说驾驭英语词汇是一难关,学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去驾驭,要留意单词的一词多义,一词多类的用法,要学会一些构词法的学问,来扩展词汇量学习单词要在语言材料中去学,要结合词组,通过句子,阅读文章来活记单词,死记的单词是记不牢的坚持在读、说前,先反复听,听的时候反应单词、句子的意思和节奏,想一下单词的拼法、句子结构并要同学习语法规则有机结合起来进行3驾驭好基本语法语法在学习英语中也很重要,它能帮助我们把握住英语的基本规律,通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规则要记住,活的规则要通过做大量的练习驾驭总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进行操练,不但要留意数量,更重要的是要留意质量,尤其是基本学问要驾驭的精确,娴熟只有经过大量的实践,才能做到熟能生巧,运用自如提前预习,有的放矢作为学生,在每次上课前,都要对要学的课文提前预习首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词,也可以借助配套磁带反复听,对比一下,把握不准的要标出来意上课老师的发音,还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性借助课文的注释或辅导材料,预习一遍课文,找出不明白的地方,做到心中有数,在老师讲课时留意听这些地方总之,预习的目的是熟识要学的内容,找出不明白的地方,带着问题听课,做到有的放矢仔细听课,主动协作课堂是老师与学生一起学习、驾驭、运用学问的主要场所作为起主导作用的老师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的,但也须要学习者的主动协作上课要用心听讲、作好笔记、仔细操练、主动思索预习时出现的问题在课堂上老师没有讲到的,要向老师提出,把问题搞清晰,老师讲授的问题,先留意听下课后整理一下笔记,反复思索一下这些问题,抓住老师所讲的重点,难点和考点总之,上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想,调动起多个感官来完成作业,找出问题学完每一课,要仔细完成课后作业做作业时确定不要看参考书上题的答案,做完后再对答案,对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题,应当登记来,等下次上课时提出来做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节,它是消化学问和巩固学问的过程,确定要仔细完成规定的作业,笔头作业要动一动笔,口头作业要动一动嘴,提高听力要练一练耳,课文在听和读的基础上,最好背诵某些精彩段落总之,要做大量的练习,英语是练出来的,确定不要偷懒刚好复习,巩固学问学会了的东西随着时间的消逝会渐渐遗忘,但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信念与决心问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度擅长类比,总结学问,把新学的学问同过去学的有关的学问进行横向和纵向比较和联系建立错误档案记录,加深印象,以避开再反同样错误我们大部分学问和技能是靠重复获得的,刚好复习对于记忆特别必要,学英语就是要坚持每天不断的练,不断地重复基本句型,常用词汇和基本语法等学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程总而言之,只要你能做到下定决心学,留意学习方法,把课前预习,仔细听课完成作业,刚好复习这些环节作好了,你确定能够学好英语四级听力必备短语词汇大全缘由方面As;Since;Because;Nowthat;Considering;Given;Forreasonthat;Thereasonwhyis;Becauseof;Owingto…・・;Onaccountof;Forthesakeof;Dueto;Resultfrom;Thanksto;Attributeto导致,引起,成为…,缘由(缘由在前)・・...cause;leadto;Bringabout;Contributeto;Resultin;Accountfor;Triggeroff(触发,引发);Responsiblefor;Toblamefor因为,所以(缘由在前)andso....;Therefore;Thus;Hence;Asaresult;Thatswhy;Forthisreason;Accordingly;Asaconsequence;Consequently;So..・・・that;Tooto转折方面However;Incomparison;But;Nevertheless;Incontrast;Whereas;yet开头方面Atthebeginning;First结尾方面Finally;Lastbutnotleast;Inshort;Inconclusion;Intheend;attheendof举例方面Forexample;Oneofthe;Anotheris;Forinstance;Like比较,对比方面Asacomparison;Incontrast建议方面Inmyopinion;Isuggest;Whynot主题方面thetopicis;wellmainlyfocuson...反面或另外一面AnotherpointIwantmentionis;InadditiontoBesides;Apartfrom;Asidefrom;Moreover;Furthermore;Whatsmore;Onthecontrary;However;But;ontheotherhand;Conversely;Bycontrast;Whereas;Atotallydifferentpictureliesin列举话题的各个方面First/firstly;second/secondly;third/thirdly;last/lastbutnotleast;Tobeginwith;next;furthermore;finally;Inthefirstplace;inthesecondplace;moreover;bytheway;Aboveall;inaddition;then;afterward;Ontheonehand/ontheotherhand;Foronething/foranother话题的结束语Inshort;brief/briefly;summingup;tosumup;summarizing;tosummarize;Toconclude;inconclusion;Asaresult;Ingeneral;Generallyspeaking;allinall;onthewhole;onthisbasis;givenalltheseaspects;Everythingconsidered;Finally;itcanbeconcluded/inferred/deducedthat高校英语四级词汇听力必备之常见新闻词汇
一、常用新闻听力词汇negotiationsdelegatedelegationsummit峰会declarationsponsorresolvetheirdifferences消退分歧,promotepeace促进和平,boosteconomicco-op加强经济合作makeconcession/compromisepassaresolution通过决议,vetoabill推翻议案,breakthedeadlock打破僵局ascientificbreakthrough科学突破,anunexpectedoutcome出乎意料的结果sign/ratifyanaccord/deal/treaty/pact/agreementdiplomaticallyisolatedcountry在夕卜交上被孤立的国家diplomaticsolutions外交解决方案militaryoption军事解决途径(动用武力),escalatingtension逐步升级的局势,militarycoupe军事政变,forcedfromoffice被赶下台,stepdown/aside下台onthebrinkofwar处于斗争边缘hotspot热点takehostilitiestoward..对..实行敌对看法,sporadicfighting断断续续的战斗rebelswoundedkilledinjurydeathcasualties伤亡heavyfighting激战genocide种族灭亡reliefeffort救济工作humanitarianaid人道主义救济ethniccleansing种族排斥,broker/mediateaceasefire/truce促成停火,refugeeillegalalliens非法移民,mediator调解员,endthebloodshed结束流血事务,specialenvoy特使peace-keepingforces维和部队,nationalconvention国民大会guerrillawar游击斗争borderdispute边疆争端,armedconflict武装冲突reconciliation调解fightcorruption反腐败corruptedelection腐败的选举peaceprocess和平进程,giveaboostto.促进,boomingeconomy促进经济发展civilwar内战,mutualbenefits/interestsXXMcruisemissile巡航导弹cometoaconclusion达成一样coalitionforces联合军队interim/transitionalgovt过渡政府,sluggisheconomy萧条的经济onhighalert处于高级戒备状态,rebellion叛乱rebelforces叛军DefenseMinisterevacuatefleefromPentagon五角大楼impose/breakadeadline规定/打破最终期限retaliate报复bankingreform金融改革,commissioner代表gobankrupt破产,fileforbankrupcy提出破产,deputy代表sensitivehostagekidnappedFrenchnationals被绑架的法国人,rescuereleaseinvadeUS-ledinvasion美国领导的入侵,right-wingextremists右翼极端分子,externalforces夕卜部力气warringfactions交战各方,topplethegovernment推翻政府speculatedisarmamentagreement裁军协议,mandatetoliftaboycott取消木木金withdrawembargoimposesanctionsagainst...实施制裁dismantle车肖毁,theimplementationofanaccord执彳亍决议germwarfare介子斗争toeasethebanonivorytrade缓解对象牙贸易的禁令toharborsb.爱护animalconservation动物爱护,threatened/endangeredspecies濒危物种illegalpoaching非法捕猎,faceextinction面临灭亡stagnant/recession萧条,financialcrisis金融危机,deflation通货紧缩,inflation通货膨胀retailprices零售价格wholesaleprices批发价格suicidebombing自杀性攻击事务,disputecrisiscoflictholywar圣战administrationregimeclaimresponsibilityfor...声称负责suspend停止,resume接着Gallup/opinion/exitpollsurvey民意调查provocation挑衅,ruleoutthepossibilityof...,解除可能性standtrial受审put....ontrial审芈U某人suefilesuitagainst...状告radioactive放射性,radiation辐射,uraniumenrichmentprogram铀浓缩安排nukenonproliferation核部扩散suspectarrestdetainincustody被囚禁,onhumanrightsabusecharges反人权罪名HIVpositiveHIV阳性,malariadiabeteshypertensionlungcancerbreastcancerfightpoverty/starvation/hunger/disease/virusstopthespreadof...crackdownon...严打illegaldrugtrafficking毒品贩运piracypiratedproducts盗版产品,fakegoods假货notorious臭名昭著bloodytyrant血腥独裁者,execute/execution处决,deathpenalty死刑,seminarforumpeacecoferencenationalconventionhiscounterpart同等级别的人,mypredecessor/successor我的前任/后任,coalitionparty联合政党post-warreconstruction战后重建,pre-warintellegience战前情报radarespionage谍报spyingactivity间谍行为electronicwarfare电子斗争,chemical/biological/nuclearwarfare化学/生物/核斗争•BREAK语言教室四级系列*(内部资料•四级听力)*四级高频词汇,词组
(1)学生与学生关系ClassmateBuildingFloorMulti-mediaclassroomHavingclassHaveabreak/restAfterschoolRefectory/dininghallStandinline/queuecafeteria(餐厅),dolaundryStudentsunionStudentcentrecheerladyparademobilphonecellphonecomputerdesktoplaptopMp3宿舍与学生关系DormitoryDormApartmentRoommateBasementWasherDryerShowerfaucettoiletvaccumcleanerbedsheetpillowquilt.考试Midtermfinalscountfor50%ofyourscoreexam.选课与课堂Professorcourserequired/compulsory(必修)elective/selective/optional(选修)/seminar(研讨)elementary(初级的)/intermediate(中级的)advanced(高级的)excellentreputationdropacourse(退课)skipclass(逃课》attendance(出勤)fillsbin(替代某人)zclarifythemisunderstanding.作业与论文Suchaheavyloadpaperextendedtothenextweekwaittillthelastminute。