初中英语语法学习之定语从句用法解析与巩固练习

初中英语语法学习之定语从句用法解析与巩固练习定语从句讲义

（一）定语从句的结构在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词thatwhichwhowhosewhenwherewhy）o先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语结构先行词+关系词+定语从句Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.InJapansomeonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.Athemeparkisacollectionofridesexhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.TheparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.

（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连非限定性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开Beforeshecouldmovesheheardaloudnoisewhichgrewtoaterribleroar.Treeaftertreewentdowncutdownbythewaterwhichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.Florawhosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwetstartedcrying.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisterswhichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.

（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which或whom.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.同位语从句与定语从句的的语法区别.意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听至U他要来这个消息我们很高兴（news的内容就是thathewillcome故that引导的是同位语从句）Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴（that从句是限制thenews的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news故that从句为定语从句）.引导词的不同whathowifwhatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句.引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语如上例thathetoldus中的that就充当told的宾语.被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hopewishideanewsfactpromiseopinionsuggestiontruth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛另外，when和where引导定语从句时通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词thereason而它引导同位语从句时则不一定Ihavenoideawhentheywillcome.我不知道他们什么时候来（同位语从句）I11neverforgetthedayswhenIlivedthere.我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子（定语从句）定语从句的识别和处理方法.结构识别名词+连接词+句子从本质上讲句子在很多时候也是一个名词，因此这个结构也可以是这样的句子+连接词+句子在这种结构中连接词前面一定要出现逗号，这种结构在传统的语法书中也被称为非限定性定语从句【例】Kevingaveusawonderfultrainingcoursewhichleftusadeepimpression.【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的Kevingaveusawonderfultrainingcourse.Itleftusadeepimpressionit就是指代前面这个句子，这样两个句子就有了共有的名词，连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用，就可以用which代替it这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句定语从句的连接词关系代词whowhomwhichthataswhose关系连词whenwherewhyhow介词+关系代词as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子.定语从句的处理方法A.按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置，这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句B.在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子，因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子，这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词，拆分点就是连接词对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句，拆分点就在介词处【例】Thereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的Thereissomething.Manismanbyvirtueofthisthing.这两句话中有共有的名词something和thisthing用which替换掉thisthing再把ofwhich提前，得到Thereissomethingofwhichmanismanbyvirtue.byvirtueof是一个相对固定的短语by为介词，virtue为名词，构成一个介词短语，of短语修饰virtue为了保持结构的相对完整性，写作的时候最好把byvirtue一并提前，得到Thereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.在翻译的时候可以提前也可以分译【译文】存在一种特性，人之所以为人就是由于这种特性（或:存在一种使人成为人的特性）练习巩固

一、选择题TherearelotsofthingsIneedtopreparebeforethetrip.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whoseJimdislikespeopletalkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whoB.whomC.whose-IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.一一Ohhownice!DoyouknowwhenheA.leftB.wasleavingC.hasleftD.hadleft4WearetryingtohelpthosechildrenlosttheirparentsinYushuQinghaiProvince.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whoseDoyouknowthegirlissingingintheclassroomA.whoB.whichC.whenJimdislikespeopletalkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who7-ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.一一Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeoplearesufferingfromtheearthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.whoHaveyoufoundtheanswertothequestionIaskedyouthismorningwhenB.whatC.that9FriendsarethosemakeyousmilealwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceedAwhichBwhatCwhomDwhoIbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyearHongKongwasreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenSorrywedonthavethecoatyouneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.whichThisisthenoveliswrittenbyGuoJingming.A.whoB.whatC.thatD./Jimdislikespeople_talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who14Thegirl_issittingunderthebigtreeisLynnscousin.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whichItstimetosaygoodbyetomyschool.Illalwaysrememberthepeoplehavehelpedme.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whereThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1adiseasehascausedmanydeaths.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whatDisneyisanamusementparkyoucanfindallthenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whenTheyoungladywemetyesterdayisournewmathteacher.A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.which19Theskirtismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Icantaffordit.A.whatB./C.thatD.itIliketheteacherclassesareveryinterestingandcreative.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whose

1.参考答案A.先行词为物时用which为人时用who本题指同上that引导定语从句时，既可指人，也可指物此题的先行词是someone故用who.同

3.先行词是地点，关系词用where.引导定语从句，在从句中作主语

8.参考答案D.同

7.先行词theman在从句中作主语，故用who.先行词是lady她的名字是pochi所属关系关系代词应是whom或who在从句中作like先行词是thosepictures是物，所以用引导由后面的willgototheparkstayhere得且为人，故用who.先行词前有all故用that.先行词是thegirl是人且从句中缺少主语先行词boy前有序数词修饰，故用that.先行词ship前有形容词的最高级修饰，故用先行词book前有any修饰，故用that.先行词是all故用that.。