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UNIT4NevertoooldtolearnIntellectualgrowthshouldcommenceatbirthandceaseonlyatdeath.一AlbertEinstein智力发展应始于出生,终于死亡——阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦Readingp44-45Learningforlife终身学习ThemoreIlearnthebetterIknowhowmuchthereisstilllefttolearn.AsIjourneythroughmylifeIhavebecomeawarethatacquiringknowledgeisnotonlyameansbywhichyoucanbetterunderstandtheworldbutalsoawayofappreciatinghowmuchasanindividualyoudonotknow.Theabilitytoadmitthisshouldnotbeperceivedasaweaknessbutasastrength.Ioncehadanartteacherpointingoutthatitisnotonlywhatyoucanseethatisimportantbutalsowhatyoucannotsee.WhenIdrewastilllifeitwasimpresseduponmethattheblankspacesbetweentheobjectswerejustasvitaltothesuccessofthecompositionastheactualobjectsthemselves.AlsoasthegreateducatorConfuciusstatedWhenyouknowathingtorecognizethatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathingtorecognizethatyoudonotknowit-thatiswisdom.”我学的越多,就越清楚自己还有多少东西要学在我的人生旅途中我意识到获取知识不仅是一种更好地了解世界的方式,也是一种作为个体理解你有多少不知道的知识的方式有能力承认这一点不应该被视为一个弱点,而是一个优点我曾经的一位美术老师指出,不仅你所能看到的很重要,而且你看不到的也很重要当我在画静物时,我意识到成功的构图中,物体之间的留白和实际的物体本身一样关键而且正如伟大教育家孔子所言:“知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也”Itisvitaltoremainlifelonglearnersinarapidlychangingworld.Asyouprogressthroughlifeyoumaystudyandworkinnewenvironments.Consequentlyyouwillbeexposedtomanynewideasbeliefspracticesandlearningexperiences.Furthermoretheproductionofknowledgeisboundtogrowrapidly.Newknowledgeisconstantlybeinggeneratedandwhatyoualreadyknowisbeingrevisedallthetimetotheextentthatitcanbedifficulttokeeppacewiththelatestdevelopments.Indeed.youmayonedaydojobsthatdonotyetexistusetechnologiesthatarenotyetdevelopedandresolveproblemsthatarenotyetproblems!Thisisnottosuggestthatthereisnoneedforyoutostudyinschoolbuttoacknowledgethatrefreshingyourknowledgethroughlifelonglearningisbothessentialandbeneficial.在一个瞬息万变的世界里,终身学习是至关重要的随着人生的不断前进,你可能会在新的环境中学习和工作,因此,你会接触到许多新的想法、信仰、做法和学习经验此外,知识的生产一定会迅速增长新知识不断产生你既有的知识也在不断更新,以至于很难跟上最新的发展的确,可能有一天你会从事目前还不存在的职业,使用现在还未开发的技术,解决当下还不是问题的问题!这并不是说你没有必要在学校学习,而是要承认通过终身学习来更新你的知识是必要和有益的SohowcanyouproceedFirstlylifelonglearningisanattitude.Lifelonglearnersarethosewhohaveanopenmind.Beobjectiveandmakeyourselfopentonewknowledgeandideas.Donotcriticizethemorrejectthemsimplybecausetheydifferfromwhatyouknoworbelieve.AtthesametimeyouneedtodevelopcriticalthinkingskillssothatyoudonotblindlyacceptnewideasInsteadyoushouldinquirefurthertoassessthetruthofwhatyouarebeingtold.Secondlytakeadvantageofopportunitiesforlifelonglearning—forexampleyoucouldregisteronlineandsubscribetoe-learningcourseswhichhavebecomeincreasinglypopularinrecentyears.Youcouldalsovisitthelocallibrarywhereresourcesarerichanddiverse.Finallyunderstandthatitisnotsufficienttosimplyknowsomethingortounderstandwhatyouknowbecauseforknowledgetohaveconcretevalueitmustbeapplied.Importantlyafteritsapplicationtheremustthenfollowareviewprocessofanalysisevaluationandimprovementsothatyourcomprehensionoftheworldbecomesacontinuousprocess.那么如何进行呢首先,终身学习是一种态度终身学习者是那些思想开放的易于接受新事物的人要客观,对新知识和新想法保持开放的态度不要仅仅因为它们与你所知道或相信的有差异而批评或拒绝它们与此同时你需要培养批判性思维技能,这样你就不会盲目接受新想法相反,你应该进一步询问,以评估你被告知的真相其次利用终身学习的机会一一例如,你可以在线注册,订阅在线学习课程,近年来这类课程越来越受欢迎你也可以去当地的图书馆,那里的资源丰富多样最后要明白仅仅知道一些知识或理解你所知道的知识是不够的,因为知识要有具体的价值,它必须得到应用重要的是,在应用它之后必须遵循一个分析、评估和改进的审查过程这样你对世界的理解就会成为一个持续的过程Insummaryinaworldofconstantchangeoneshouldneverceasetolearn.Lifelonglearningwillhelpyoudevelopyourskillsandfurtheryourcareerandwillboostyoursenseofself-worthandkeepyourmindactive.Thereforeknowwhatyouknowanduseit;knowwhatyoudonotknowandembraceit;knowthatyouwillneverknowallthereistoknowandwonderatit.总之,在一个不断变化的世界里,人不应该停止学习终身学习将有助于培养我能,延长职业生涯而且可以提升自我价值意识,保持思维活跃因此知己所知,知其所用;知所不知,欣然接受;知永远不会穷尽所有知识,并对其惊叹不已Grammarandusagep48lVocationaleducationisnotanewidea.2Itgenerallypreparespeopletoworkinaspecificoccupationbyteachingtheoryintheclassroomandofferinghands-ontrainingintheworkplace.3Vbcationaleducationisnolessimportantthanacademiceducationbecauseitcanqualifyapplicantstoworkinaparticularfield.4Intodaysrapidlydevelopingsocietyvocationaleducationisbecomingmoreandmorevaluableanditgivesapplicantsanadvantageinthejobmarket.职业教育并不是一个新概念它通常通过在课堂上教授理论和在工作场所提供实践培训来使人们在特定的职业工作中做好准备职业教育和学术教有同等重要因为它能使求职者有资格在某一特定领域工作在当今飞速发展的社会中职业教育变得越来越有价值,它为求职者在就业市场提供了优势5Onceajobhasbeensecuredthosewithvocationalqualificationsoftenhavebetterprospectsofpromotionwithinthecompany.6Forexamplemotorrepairisonefieldthatallowsforsuchcareerdevelopment.7Mostmotorrepaircompanieshavetheirowntrainingprogrammesforspecificjobsandworkerscanstartoffintrainingpositions.8Peoplewhohavebeentrainedinschoolsoftenlearnandadaptfasterandaremorelikelytoworktheirwayuptoseniormanagementpositions.一旦找到了工作,那些有职业资格的人在公司里往往有更好的晋升前景例如,汽车维修就是一个允许这种职业发展的领域大多数汽车维修公司都有自己特定的工作培训计划工人可以从培训岗位开始在学校接受过培训的人往往能更快学习和适应也更有可能晋升到高低管理职位9Itiscertainthateducationalinstitutionsandcompanieswillcontinuetoadvocatevocationaleducationandtraining.10Accordingtoonevocationalschoolstudenttheyarenowencouragedtolearnbydoingandlearnthroughtrialanderror”andtheyfocusmoreonhowtocompleteanassignmentratherthanjustmemorizingwhatteacherssayinclass.可以肯定的是,教育机构和公司将继续倡导职业教育和培训据一名职业学校的学生说他们现在受到鼓励“在实践中学习”和“通过反复实验来学习”,他们更关注如何完成任务,而不是仅仅记住老师在课堂上说的话Extendedreadingp53-54Myuniversitylife我的大学生活IhadbeenwaitingwithmyfellowgraduatingstudentsforthemomentwhenIwouldwalkoutontothestagetoreceivemydegreecertificate.Iwashappyandrelievedyetworriedandanxiousaboutthefuture.WhatwasmyfirstjobgoingtobelikeThisshortwalkwasgoingtolaunchmeintoawholenewworld.HowwouldImanageWouldIbeabletocarveoutacareerformyselfMynamewascalledandImovedintothelights.Iheardtheapplause.IknewmyparentswouldbewatchingandsmilingateachotherandTtriedtorelax.TheldmycertificateagainstmybreastandsmiledatthecameraBeforeIknewittheceremonywasoverandthecurtainhadcomedownonmyuniversitylife.WherehadthetimegoneFouryearshaddisappearedinaflash.Istoodwithmycertificateinhandandreflectedonthosefouryears.我和我的同学们一直在等待着我走上台领取学位证书的那一刻我既感到高兴又感到宽慰,但又为未来担心和焦虑我的第一份工作会是什么样子的这短短的一段路让我进入了一个全新的世界我该怎么做呢我能开创自己的事业吗点到我的名字了然后我走到灯光下我听到了掌声我知道父母一定正在观看并相视一笑我尽量放松我把证书贴在胸前,对着镜头微笑不知不觉,毕业典礼已经结束,我的大学生活也落下了帷幕时间都到哪里去了?四年转瞬间就过去了我拿着证书站在那里,回想着这四年来的经历Irememberedanivingatuniversityonmyveryfirstdaypausingatthegatetolookdownthelongdrive.IcouldfeelmyhandssweatingslightlyandIhadtoholdontight/tart/tomysuitcase.WouldIbeabletofitinDidthisnewphaseofmylifemeanthatIwasnowmatureenoughtobeentirelyresponsibleformyownsuccessesandfailuresItookafewsecondstocomposemyselfandtotakeinthescenethatwaslaidoutbeforeme.Thecampuswasalivewithpeople.Anxiousparentsandexcitedstudentsweretalkinginsmallgroupscarryingsuitcasesorwalkinginandoutofdormitorybuildings.Iwonderedifthefirstdayofschoolwasalwayssuchacircus.Itookadeepbreathandcarriedonintotheheartofthecampus.LittledidIknowthatIwasabouttoexperiencethebestfouryearsofmylife.我记得来上大学的第一天,我在校门口停下,望着长长的车道,我可以感觉到我的手在微微出汗,我不得不紧紧抓住我的村手箱我能适应吗我生活的这个新阶段是否意味着我已经足够成熟,可以为自己的成败负责我花了几秒钟时间让自己镇定下来,并观察了一番眼前的情形校园里人来人往焦虑的父母和兴奋的学生们三五成群聚在一起聊天,提着行李箱,在宿舍楼里进进出出我想知道开学的第一天是否是一种热闹的场面我深吸了一口气,继续向校园中心走去我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光Irememberedworkingonmyfirstassignment.Itwasa3000-wordessayongeometryandIwasntevensurehowtobeginthefirstparagraph.InsteadofseekinggoodadviceIkeptputtingitoff.RatherunwiselyIleftittothelastminute.AsthedeadlineapproachedIhadtostayupallnightworkingonmylaptoptocompleteit.ThenextdayIfeltdizzyandstartedcoughingandsneezing.Unsurprisinglyitwasntaverygoodessay.Howeverthistaughtmeavaluablelesson.AssoonasIreceivedthenextassignmentIheadedstraightforthelibrarytofindthereferencebooksIneededformyresearchandthencreatedanoutlinefollowedbyadraft.Aftercarefuleditingandpolishingtheresultwasamuchbetteressaythanthelastanditwasreadyinmydeskdrawerdaysbeforethedeadline.Iwouldsticktothisapproachforthedurationofmystudies.我记得我做第一个作业的时候都是一篇关于几何的3000字的文章我甚至不知道第一段这怎么开头我没有寻求好的建议,而是一直拖是,我把它留到最后一分钟,这是很不明智的,随着菜后期压的临近我不得不禁统在笔记本电脑上工作未完成安第二天,我感到头晕目眩,开始出来和打喷嚏,不出所料它不是一篇很好的文章然而,这给我上了宝贵的一课,一接到下一个作业,我就直奔图书馆去找我研究所需的参考书,然后写了一个提纲和一个草稿,经过仔细校订和润色之后,结果是比上一稿好很多的文章,并且在截止日期前几天它就在书桌抽屉里,随时可交,在研究期间,我会坚持这种方法Irememberedcooperatingwithmyclassmatesongroupprojects.Everyonewouldbeassignedaspecifictaskandmyrolewasusuallytoproducethepresentation.Wewouldmeetintheschoolcafeteriatobounceideasoffeachotherandwouldlaughandargueandlaughsomemoreaswelearnttoworktogetherasateam.Irealizedthatlearningdidnthavetobeasoloeffortandthatworkingwithotherpeoplecouldbemuchmorestimulatingandproductivethanworkingalone.我记得和同学们合作做小组项目每个人都会被分配一个特定的任务,我的职责通常是演示幻灯片我们会在学校的自助餐厅见面,互相交流意见当我们学会如何作为一个团队一起工作时,我们会笑会争论,但笑得更多我意识到学习不必独自努力,和其他人一起工作可能比独自工作更振奋人心和有效率Irememberedvisitingmyfavouriteprofessoratallgentlemanwithhisbeardandhairgoinggreyduringhisofficehoursforthefirsttime.InitiallyIfoundhisstrictnessintimidatingbutquicklycametoadmirehimforhisvastknowledgeanddeepunderstandingofhissubject.Itsoondawnedonmethatmanyuniversityprofessorsarequitewillingtosharewhattheyknowandtheydotakeagenuineinterestintheirstudents9intellectualdevelopment.我记得第一次在我最喜欢的教授的办公时间去拜访他的情形他是一个高个儿绅士,须发灰白起初,我觉得他的严格令人生畏,但很快统开始钦佩他渊博的知识以及他对学科知识的深刻理解很快我就开始明白许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的,并且他们的确真心实意地关心学生的智力发展Iheardmyparents9voicescallingmeandIreturnedtothemoment.Afterthegraduationceremonyweheadedhomebytrain.Ilookedoutofthecarriagewindowattheworldspeedingby.Thejourneyhomegavemetimetothinkaboutwhatthefuturemightholdforme.Universityhaschangedme.NotonlyamInowmoreintellectuallypreparedfortheworldofworkbutIamalsomoreconfidentaboutmyownabilities.IhavegrownasanadultandIhavealsodiscoveredmoreaboutmyself.Yes.Iamreadyforanewphaseinmylife.我听见父母在叫我,便回过神来毕业典礼后,我们坐火车回家,我从车窗望出去,看看世界飞驰而过,回家的旅程给了我时间去思考我的未来,大学改变了我,现在,我不仅在智力上为工作做好了准备而且叶自己的能力也更有信心了我已经长大成人,也对自己有了更多的了解是的,我已经准备好连接人生的新阶段了Projectp55Nevertoooldtolearn活到老,学到老Henryremembersthedaywell.Itwasadaythatwouldchangehislife.Hewassittingatthekitchentablewatchinghisten-year-oldgranddaughter.Sophiadoherhomework.Shehadaskedhimaquestionabouthistoryandwasnowstaringathimwithbigbrowneyeswaitingforananswer.Henrystaredatthekettleandthenoutofthekitchenwindowattheheavygreysky.HenrycanstillhearhimselfsayImsorrymydear.Idontknow.”亨利清楚地记得那一天这是改变了他一生的一天他坐在餐桌旁,看着10岁的孙女索菲娅做作业她问了他一个关于历史的问题,现在正用棕色的大眼睛盯着他等待他的回答,亨利盯着水壶然后又盯着厨房窗外阴沉的灰色天空亨利还能听到他自己说:“对不起,亲爱的我不知道”Henryhadspentfortyyearsworkingasalibrarianinaschool.HewasnowretiredandspenthisdayslookingafterSophiatogetherwithherparents.HelovedthetimehespentwithSophia.Howeverhefeltthatheshouldbedoingmorewithhislifethoughhewasinhisseventieswithgreyhairanddeepwrinklesonhisforehead.AsSophiacontinuedwithherhomeworkhereadanarticleinthelocalnewspaperaboutthehealthbenefitsofolderpeoplegoingbacktouniversity.Thearticlesaidthatitkeptthebrainactiveandhelpedpreventlonelinessanddepression.Hemadethedecisionthereandthen.ThenextmorninghewouldgotoBirkbeckUniversityofLondonandtakeacourseinhistory.AftertakingextensioncoursesforfouryearsHenrygothisdegreeinhistory.Completingthecoursehasgivenmesuchasenseofachievement」hesays.IthasalsogivenmetheconfidencetodoalltheotherthingsthatIveneverhadthecouragetotrybefore/5亨利在一所学校当了四十年的图书管理员他现在退休了,每天都和余菲娅的父母一起照顾她他喜欢和索菲娅在一起的时光然而,他觉得自己的生命中应该做更多的事情,尽管他已经70多岁,白发苍苍,前额上有深深的皱纹在索菲娅继续做作业的时候,他在当地报纸上读到了一篇关于老年人重返大学对健康有益的文章这篇文章说它可以保持大脑活跃,有助于防止孤独和抑郁他当场就做了决定第二天早上他要去伦敦大学伯贝克学院上历史课在学习了四年的进修课程后,亨利获得了历史学学位他说:“完成课程给了我一种成就感,比还给了我信心去做其他所有机以前没有勇气去尝试的事情”。