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考研外语模拟试卷10
一、UseofEnglish
1、Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1900s.JazzisAmericascontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920jazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic
11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz
12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong
14.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniesthe
16.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onweaponsmaybeforelongofferanevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceedinabolishingnuclearweaponsourworkwillnotbedone.Itwillneverbedoneuntilwehavesucceededinabolishingwar.Todothisweneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewwaynotascontestsofforceinwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskilfulinmassacrebutbyarbitrationinaccordancewithagreedprinciplesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeage-oldmentalhabitsbutthisiswhatmustbeattempted.Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionofthisorthatideologywouldpreventwar.Ibelievethistobeaprofounderror.AllideologiesarebasedupondogmaticassertionsiJEwhichareatbestdoubtfulandatworsttotallyfalse.Theiradherentsbelieveinthemsofanaticallythattheyarewillingtogotowarinsupportofthem.Themovementofworldopinionduringthepasttwoyearshasbeenverylargelysuchaswecanwelcome.Ithasbecomeacommonplacethatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourseverydifficultproblemsremainintheinternationalspherebutthespiritinwhichtheyarebeingapproachedisabetteronethanitwassomeyearsago.Ithasbeguntobethoughtevenbythepowerfulmenwhodecidewhetherweshallliveordiethatnegotiationsshouldreachagreementsevenifbothsidesdonotfindtheseagreementswhollysatisfactory.IthasbeguntobeunderstoodthattheimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweenEastandWestbutbetweenManandtheH-bomb.Thispassageimpliesthatwarisnow.morewickedthaninthepastaswickedasinthepastC.lesswickedthaninthepastD.whatpeopletrytolivewithAccordingtotheauthor.itisimpossibletolivewithoutwarwaristheonlywaytosettleinternationaldisagreementswarmustbeabolishedifmanwantstosurvivewarwillbeabolishedbymoderningenuityTheauthorsaysthatmodernweapons.willhelpabolishwarputmankindingravedangerwiilgraduallybecomepartofmanslifeD.needfurtherimprovingTheauthorbelievesthattheonlywaytoabolishwaristoabolishnuclearweaponsletthestrongersidetakeovertheworldimprovebacteriologicalandchemicalweaponssettleinternationalissuesthroughnegotiationThelastparagraphsuggeststhat.nuclearwarwilldefinitelynottakeplaceinternationalagreementsarenowreachedmoreandmoreeasilymanisbeginningtorealizethatnuclearwarishisgreatestenemyworldopinionisinfavourofnuclearwarAwisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.SoasapoliceofficerIhavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.AkeyingredientisdisappearingandIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.Accountabilityisnthardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether一honestykindnessandsoon一accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutittherecanbenorespectnotrustnolaw一andultimatelynosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilitytopeoplewhorefuseorhaveneverlearnedtoimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknowsexternalcontrolsonpeoplesbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguiltshameandembarrassment.Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities一smallertownsusually一whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:〃Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated一theysimplyarenotdone!/zYetmoreandmoreespeciallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbstheseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewantsincludingyourlifeifyouenragehim.Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsagoifacrimewascommittedsocietywasconsideredthevictim.Nowinashockingreversalitsthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringingbytheschoolthatdidntteachhimtoreadbythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidancebytheparentswhodidn,tprovideastablehome.Idontbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminalevenpartlyfromaccountabilitywebecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat.itsunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevilitscertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutititsonlynaturalforvirtuetodefestevilitsdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevilAccordingtotheauthorifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrimesocietyistobeheldresponsiblemoderncivilizationisresponsibleforitthecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblamethestandardsoflivingshouldbeimprovedComparedwiththoseinsmalltownspeopleinlargecitieshaveA.lessself-disciplineB.bettersenseofdisciplinemoremutualrespetLesseffectivegovernmentThewriterissorrytohavenoticedthatpeopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminalspeopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandardstodayssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficultypeopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivitiesThekeypointofthepassageisthat.A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamiliesmoregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollowmorerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeoplesbehaviourD.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability
16、Stinkingbusestheirpassengerspaleandtiredjamthecrowdedstreets.Driversshoutatoneanotherandhonktheirhorns.Smogsmartstheeyesandchokesthesenses.ThesceneisAthensatrushhour.ThecityofPlatoandPericlesisinasorrystateofaffairsbuiltwithoutaplanlackingevenadequateseweragefacilitieshemmedinbymountainsandtheseaits135squaremilescrammedwith
3.7millionpeople.EvenAthensruinsareinruin:sulfurdioxideeatsawayatthemarbleoftheParthenonandothertreasuresontheAcropolis.AsGreekPremierConstantineKaramanlishassaid“TheonlysolutionforAthenswouldbetodemolishhalfofitandstartalloveragain”.Sogreathasbeenthepopulationflowtowardthecitythatentirehinterlandvillagesstandvacantornearlyso.About120000peoplefromoutlyingprovincesmovetoAthenseveryyearwiththeresultthat40%ofGreecescitizenryarenowpackedintothecapital.Themigrantscomeforthefewavailablejobswhichareusuallynobetterthantheonestheyfled.AtthecurrentrateofmigrationAthensbytheyear2000willhaveapopulationof
6.5millionmorethanhalfthenation.AsidefromovercrowdingandpoorpublictransportthebiggestproblemsconfrontingAtheniansarenoiseandpollution.AgovernmentstudyconcludedthatAthenswasthenoisiestcityintheworld.Smogisalmostatkillinglevels:180300mgofsulfurdioxidepercubicmeterofairoruptofourtimesthelevelthattheWorldHealthOrganizationconsiderssafe.Nearlyhalfthepollutioncomesfromcars.Despitehighpricesforvehiclesandfuel$
2.95pergallonnearly100000automobilesaresoldinGreeceeachyear;3000driverslicensesareissuedinAthensmonthly.AfterdecadesofneglectAthensisatlastgettingsomeattention.InMarchacommitteeofrepresentativesfromallmajorpublicserviceministriesmettodiscussaplantounclogthecitymakeitlivableandcleanupitsenvironment.Asave-Athensministrywhichwillsoonbeginfunctioningwillproposeheavytaxestodiscouragein-migrationaminimumof$5billioninpublicspendingforAthensaloneandotherprojectsforthecountrysidetoencourageresidentstostayout.Amasterplanthatwillmovemanygovernmentofficestothecitysfringesisalreadyintheworks.MeanwhilemoreGreekskeepmovingintoAthens.Withfewparksandpreciousfewoxygen-producingplantsthecityanditscitizensareliterallysuffocating.AccordingtothepassageoneofthebiggestproblemsconfrontingAtheniansisnoisewhichismainlycausedbyA.buildingsbeingdemolishedhighwaysbeingrepairedmusicbeingplayedcarhornsbeingusedWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageaboutthecausesofovercrowdinginAthensA.Athensgeographicallocation.B.Thelackoftownplanning.C.Absenceofaccommodation.D.Provincialmigration.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageaboutproposedsolutionstoovercrowdingproblemAthensA.Projectsforcountryside.Restrictioninnumberofcarstobesold.Movingofgovernmentoffices.D.PublicspendingforAthens.
19、Fromthepassagewelearnthatoneofthepossiblesolutionstoairpollutionis.A.toencouragepeopletostayinthecountryB.todemolishhalfofAthensC.tobuildmoreparksinthecityD.tokeepgovernmentofficesinthecityThewordsuffocate〃probablymeans.A.toloseoneslifebecauseoflackofairB.tosuggestC.tobringaclaiminlawD.tobesatisfiedPartB10pointsInthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA、B、CD、E、F、Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.10pointsThetemperatureoftheSunisover5000degreesFahrenheitatthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.AtInByOn
2、⑵musicsongmelodystyle
3、⑶discoveredacteddesignedinvented
4、⑷A.noticedthesurfacebutitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.TheSunissomuchhotterthantheEarththatmattercanexistonlyasagasexceptatthecore.InthecoreoftheSunthepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthatdespitethehightemperaturetheremaybeasmallsolidcore.
41.SolarastronomersdoknowthattheSunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.StartingattheoutsideandgoingdownintotheSunthezonesarethecoronachromospherephotosphereconvectionzoneandfinallythecore.
42.ButsincetheSunhasnosolidsurfaceitishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyoftheSunbegins..ThisistheonlypartoftheSunthatcanbeseenduringaneclipsesuchastheoneinFebruary
1979.AtanyothertimethecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareoftheSunsrays..Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.ThecoronasraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelikeraysneartheSunsnorthandsouthpoles.ThecoronaisthickestattheSunsequator.Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplanets.
45.BythetimetheSunscoronaraysreachtheEarththeyareweakandinvisible.TheSunsoutermostlayerbeingsabout10000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.Ifapersonweretostandonthesunscoronatheywouldntburntheywouldfreezeinthenearvacuumofthecorona.ThecoronaisabrilliantpearlywhitefilmylightaboutasbrightasthefullMoon.ThefirstthreezonesareregardedastheSunsatmosphere.HowevernoonereallyknowssincethecenteroftheSuncanneverbedirectlyobserved.YoucanprobablyguessthattheSunisveryhotcomparedwithfamiliarthingsontheEarth.42434445PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.10points46Itmustbestressedthatacharacteristicaspectofthepresenttimeisthatscienceisexercisingadecisiveinfluenceontechnologycreatingnewproblemsforitguidingitsdevelopmentandconditioningitsprogress.Asaresultscienceistendingtobecomeadirectforceofindustry.Scientifictheoriespenetratetechnologicalprocesses.Initsturnthedevelopmentofscienceisstronglyinfluencedbytheastoundingprogressofmoderntechnologywhichplacesatitsdisposalpreviouslyundreamedofmeans:apparatusofhighprecisionandoftremendouspowersuchasparticleacceleratorsnuclearreactorselectroniccomputersetc.47Theimprovementofindustrialtechnologymakespossibletherealizationofhighintensityphenomenasuchaspressuretemperatureveryhightensionornearlyidealconditionsofvacuumoftenindispensabletoaccurateexperimentalresults.Sciencedoesnotgenerallyaffectindustrydirectlybutdoessothroughtheintermediaryoftechnologywhichplacesatindustrysdisposalnewimprovedandpowerfulmachinesthatincreasetheproductivityoflabour.48Itimprovestechnologicalprocessesintroducesnewformsofenergycreatesnewmaterialsnotprovidedbynatureintroducesnewtelecommunicationcontrolandtelecontrol.49Allthesemeansamazinglyincreasetheproductivityoflabourbysubstitutinghumanforcesforthoseofnature.50Theraisingofthetechnicallevelofindustrythereforeconstitutesamajorimperativeofourtimepresentedtosciencewhichfindsitselfinthevanguardofsocialprogress.47484950参考答案【
一、UseofEnglish]「5ADDDD6〜10BACAB11〜20点击下载查看答案【
二、ReadingComprehension]1〜5CCCBD6〜10ACBDC11〜30点击下载查看答案B.foundC.listenedD.heard
5、
(5)classicalsacredlightpopular
6、
(6)formsfollowsapproachedintroduces
7、⑺A.expressingB.explainingexposingillustrating
8、
(8)appearedfeltC.soundedD.seemed
9、9soaseitherD.neither
10、10originalsB.originsC.discoveriesD.resourcesIK11A.concerneditselfavailableoneself12playersfollowerspioneersfans13forbywithas14monthsweekshourstimes15demonstratedcomposedformedhosted16demonstrationprocessionbodymarch17EvenThereforeC.ButD.Furthermore18numbermembersbodyrelations19sadsolemnC.funeralD.happy20whistledsungC.showedD.presented
二、ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.40pointsAdvertisingsellsitsproductsbyofferingseductivepromisesofyouthbeautyhealthmoneyeaseromancebetterlifestyleeventime.Theresnologicalconnectionbetweenacarandacougarbuttheimageispowerfulandpresentedwithsophistication.Webuyitandwemaywellbuytheproduct.Whenitcomestoadvertisingletthebuyerbeware.Thereareseveralless-than-candidtechniqueswhichadvertisersusetogetourattention.Aproductmaybefilmedorphotographedinsuchawaytomakeitappearbiggerbetterormoreluscious.Aproductmaybepresentedasbeinguniqueone-of-a-kind”or〃supreme”wheninfactitsidenticaltootherproductsonthemarket.Aproductmayclaimtobe〃new〃orimprovedwhenonlyaninsignificantchangehasbeenmade.Finallyanadvertisermayofferdistortedtruthsoreventelloutrightlies.Ittakesawhileforthegovernmentorthecompetitiontocatchupwithfalseclaimsinadvertising.Meanwhilethepublichasbeenledtobelievethatamouthwashcancurethecommoncoldorthatbeepollenretardsaginginhumanskin.Theconsumersbestdefenseisawareness.Hecanlistentobutnotlearntheemotionalmessagebroadcastbythead.Hecandistinguishbetweenwhattheadpretendstoofferandwhatitisreallyselling.Afacecreamforexamplecanonlydosomuch.Itcanreducedrynessandprovidetemporarysmoothnessandmoisturetotheskin.Butitismadeinafactorynotinamagiciansstudy.Itcannotturnbacktheclock.Accordingtotheauthormanyofthepromisesmadebytheadvertiserare.truereliablenottrueemotiveTheauthorsattitudetowardsadvertisingis.A.overstatedB.favourableC.unfavourableD.emotionalAccordingtotheauthorconsumersbestpolicytowardsadvertisingis.A.todoubtitstruthB.todisbelieveittodistinguishbetweenwhatistrueandwhatisnottruetoknowwhatproductstheadvertiserisgoingtosell
4、Accordingtothepassagemanyofthe〃new〃,“improved”productsare.A.quitedifferentfromtheoldproductsalmostthesamewiththeformerproductsinsignificantproductsD.notimportantgoodsAccordingtothepassagewhichtechniqueisNOTusedbyadvertiserstogetourattentionA.Aproductmaybefilmedorphotographedtomakeitappearbetter.B.Aproductmaybepresentedas〃uniquesupreme”.C.Aproductmayclaimtohe〃new〃orimproved”.D.Aproductmaybesoldatadiscount.IsitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwarWarisanancientinstitutionwhichhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwayswickedandusuallyfoolishbutinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Moderningenuityhaschangedthis.EitherManwillabolishwarorwarwillabolishMan.Forthepresentitisnuclearweaponsthatcausethegravestdangerbutbacteriologicalorchemical。