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初中英语阅读理解题型阅读理解是中考的必考题型,是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解,而不是断章取义的一孔之见所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的,这些问题会给我们提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节阅读能力的提高非一朝之功,需要一个过程,应该持之以恒,进行有计划、有目的的阅读实践,提高阅读能力阅读理解题型通常可以分为四种细节理解、词义(组)猜测、推理判断、主旨(段落)大意及标题归纳,下面让我们一起来看看这几类题型-•细节理解题常见设题方式Howmany/Howmuch/What/Who/When/Where/How...Whatdoesthewriterthinkof...Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/falseWhichofthefollowingis/isntmentionedWhichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage题型特点细节题占阅读理解的比例很大,阅读时要特别注意以下几点.阅读时,必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据,切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈.文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点,此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期,通常需要做简单的计算解题方法
1.跳读查找法这个方法的要点在于先看题干,带着问题读文章以whatwhowherewhenwhyhow提问的问题可以从文章中直接找到答案做这类题时可以边读边做记号,能加强阅读的针对性,提高做题的准确率,节省宝贵的时间,另外,运用跳读查找法解题时,要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换中考中很少有直接用原文中的WhatcanbethebesttitleforthepassageWhatisthebesttitleofthepassageWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage解题技巧.看文章首尾和各段开头,找出主题句或通过浏览全文,抓住关键字眼,把握主旨.通过分析篇章结构找出每一小段的主题句,然后通过寻找共同点,找出整个文章的主题句.标题归纳题型也属于主旨大意题,文章的标题具有概括性的特点,故所选的标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文,囊括文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题,切忌所选标题以偏概全.这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握,建议最后做例题1:WhaVsthebesttitleofthepassageHowtoHelpOthersDon1tThrowOldThingsAwayAnExpensiveGiftAHomelessOldMan例题2:ThepassagemainlyshowsthatMyersandhisstudents.didsomethingtoprotectrainforestwantedtobuytherainforestwereinterestedintheculturewenttotherainforestforfun阅读理解在哪里快速找答案?.首段和尾段一篇文章的主题句、中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段许多文章开门见山地在第一段就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点,而文章的最后一段一般也会对全文的说明和论证进行总结策略通过一些标志性词汇或者短语,我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子,如allinallinshorttoconcludeinsummaryinawordasaresult主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力,因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点.长难句长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在,其中包含了插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等,有的句子甚至长达好几行这些复杂的句型也往往成为了出题的重点所在策略加强训练自己对付长难句的能力,平时有意识地去分解这些句子,理解其中的指代关系和句子层次3冽举处标志性的词汇包括FirstSecondThird...;FirstlySecondlyThirdly...Finally;FirstofallThenInadditionFurther;FurthermoreBesidesMoreover...策略把这些词圈起来,考题中一般会出现四个选项对比,这样非常好在文章中找.举例处例子往往与作者的说明与论述有很大的关联,具有重大的意义,因此也成为了考题出处的热点这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显,一般都带有如下的标志性词汇forexampletake...asanexampleassuchaslike等策略一般文章举例处的前一句或者前几句就是与该例子相关的作者论点,所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源地往前读,才能保证所选答案的正确率.因果关系处表示因果关系的句子是中考英语命题者所青睐的出题来源,因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系,出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力,经常会把含有因果关系的句子倒过来考,因此选项中因变成了果、果变成了因,考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系,防止受到迷惑表示因果关系的词语有becausebecauseofsoforsinceasasaresult;resultfromresultincauseleadtobasereasonresult等.转折、对比、类比处文章的转折也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方,一些明显的转折词包括buthoweveronthecontraryyetasamatteroffactinfactactually等策略转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的,而作者会偏重其中的某一方因此,在阅读过程中看到转折词,最好能作上标志以方便做题时候的查找特别需要指出的是,只要文章第一段中出现一组对比的概念或事物,这个地方往往会成为考题的命题重点.特殊词汇处中考英语阅读试题中经常考查考生对于一些词语和词汇的理解,这些特殊词汇包括了平时不经常使用的生僻词、常见词语平时不经常用到的意思或搭配、以及关系代词等策略解题关键在于读懂词汇所在文章位置的上下文,从而推断中其意思.数字和年代中考阅读中经常出现对于数字和年代等细节的考查,看似容易,但是考生经常由于疏忽大意而失掉这些最容易的分数其中要注意以下几点原则
①如果出现需要进行运算的题目,一般来说文章的原始数据不是正确答案;
②如果答案中的四个数字或者时间都与文章的某一个部分相符合,那么要注意这些数字和时间所对应的不同问题,只选择与题目相关的那个数据;
③要注意年份和世纪之间的差别,比如1999年就是20世纪,2009年就是21世纪,也就是说世纪的数字是年份的前两个数字加lo.专有名词所谓的专有名词包括人名、地名、机构名称、书籍文章影视作品的名称以及其他专有名词在阅读文章的过程中,每遇到专有名词可以用铅笔作上标记,以便如果在题目中出现相应专有名词可以进行快速定位.最高级词汇最高级词汇以及其他一些表示唯一性的词汇由于其意义的绝对性因而不容易产生歧义,所以也经常成为出题对象这些词语包括形容词和副词的最高级以及以下词汇onlysimplyjustalwaysforevernevernonemustallanyanyoneanybodyanywhere等.引用处说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点,也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点因此,引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点,有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性,所以也是出题考查的热点地区,通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力.段首和段尾无论是说明文还是议论文,一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证,每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强,文章结构都非常规范,因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句,因此也是出题的重点区域,涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等在进行快速阅读的时候,考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨.特殊标点符号有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象,因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉冒号、括号、破折号以及引号逗号两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容,通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用冒号冒号后面的内容通常都是用来解释说明前面的内容,例如前面是抽象的概念后面就是对这个概念的具体说明括号括号中间的内容通常用来解释或补充说明括号前面的内容破折号两个破折号之间的内容、或者一个破折号后面的内容,通常表示解释说明或者补充说明引号表示引用他人的观点,一般用来从正面或者反面支持作者的观点相关的考题一般都是关于文章细节的问题需要注意的是考题在考查标点符号用法是往往不会明确说明,需要考生自己去判断并根据具体情况分析标点符号的用法正确答案的20个特征
1.体现中心思想(包括段落中心)的多是答案
2.原句重复出现,200%错正确的都是有改动的,即同义替换
3.含义不肯定的大多是答案,如cancouldmayusuallymightmostmoreorless含义绝又寸的大多不是答案mustalwaysneverthemostallanynone
4.具体的不是答案,概括性的、抽象的大多是答案
5.带有some的大多是答案:someonesomebodysometimesomethingcertain
6.简单的大多不是答案,复杂的是答案,字面意思不是答案,含义深刻的大多是答案
7.带虚词的大多是答案anotherothermoreeitherbothalsobesideadditionalextradifferentsameparticularnearlynotenoughs.变化大多是答案:changedelayimprovepostponeincrease
9.重要的、基础的“大多是答案importantnecessaryessentialbasisbebasedonlO.文章是按顺序出题的你要觉得不是,就是你做错了
11.用文章里举例的句子来作为选项,直接排除200%错(要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力)
12.某某人说的话,或者是带引号的,一定要高度重视尤其是在段落的后半部分很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换即题眼
13.每段的第一句很重要尤其总分结构的段有的时候第一句话就是题眼
14.很关键的一条,抓住每段的中心意思,也就是中心句每段至少一句,最多2句
15.若文章首段以why为开头的,这里若设题的话选项里有because的,往往就是正确选项不过这种类型的题,很少见了
16.正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换阅读理解历年的所有真题,都是同意替换!就看你能不能找得到
17.每一个问题在原文中,都要有一个定位然后精读,找出那个中心句或者关键词
18.在应该出现答案的地方,没有答案接着往下读答案可能会在下一段的开头部分因为文章都是接着说的要有连贯性
19.注意几个词,yet表转折,hardly表否定while有时是比较,有时也表转折比较的时候,注意比较的对象,要弄清楚转折的时候,你要知道作者对什么进行了转折
20.选项中出现nly的,目前还没有对的练习AShawneenMountainisaperfectplaceforskiing.Lifts电梯canhelptouristsgettothetopofthemountainin3minutes.Thefollowingisthepricetableofthelifttickets.LIFTTICKETSopentocloseopentoclose3p.m.to10MondayFriday:a.m.10p.m.Weekend:8a.m.-10p.m.ChristmasDay:Noon-5p.m.Ifachildof42cmtalltakestheliftwithhis18-year-oldbrotheronThursdaymorningtheywillpay.A.$41B.$48C.$37D.$74Asacollegestudentyoucanbuyaliftticketatalowerpriceifyoushowyour.collegenamecollegeIDphonenumberActiveDutyIDWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassageIttakes3hourstogettothetopofShawneenMountainbylift.Touristscanttaketheliftat9:30a.m.onSundaymorning.Asoldiershouldn7tpay$55fortheticketatweekendswithhisActiveDutyID.Peopleagedover70arealsowelcometoShawneenMountain.BIn1901thepeopleofColoradoSpringsintheUSAdecidedtocollecteverydayitemsandtoseal(密圭寸)theminasteelbox.TheboxwasmarkedTobeopenedaftermidnightDecember31stAD2000andwasstoredintheColoradoCollegelibrary.Onehundredyearslaterontheappointed(约定的)day300peoplegatheredtowatchtheopeningofthebox.Manyinthecrowdwerethedescendants(后代)ofpeoplewhoputthingsinsidethebox.Whentheboxwasopenedaftermidnighttheitemswerestillverygood.TherewerenewspapersphotosdiariesnamecardsfamilytreesbooksandlettersincludingonewrittenbyTheodoreRooseveltwhobecamethepresidentoftheUSAlaterthatyear.OneofRoosevelfsfriendslivedinColoradoSpringsatthattime.Manyoftheletterswereaddressedtotheirdescendants.Theydescribe(描述)thehopesthatthepeopleof1901hadforthepeopleofthenextcentury.AtthattimeColoradoSpringshadjustafewthousandpeople.Nownearlyhalfamillionpeoplelivethere.ColoradoCollegeLibraryhasscanned(扫描)thematerialsandputthemonawebsite.CecilMullerwhosegrandfatherputacollectionofpostcardsintheboxsaidthatthetimecapsulewasagreattreasure.Thisisawonderfuleducationalresource.Wecanlearnsomuchaboutourhistory/hesaid.1neverknewmygrandfatherbutnowIfeelveryclosetohim.InApril2001agroupofpeoplefilledthetimecapsulewithitemsfrommodernColoradoSpringsandresealeditforanotherhundredyears.
34.Atimecapsule1is.A.acollectionofclocksandwatchesB.amachinefortravelingthroughtimeC.acollectionofitemsforpeopletolookatinthefutureD.acollectionofunwanteditems
35.ManyofthelettersinthetimecapsuletalkedaboutAthehistoryofthetownB.thepeoplewholivedinthetownC.thepoliticsoftheUSAD.peopleshopesforthefuture
36.CecilMullersaysthatthetimecapsule.A.bringsbackhismemoriesofhisgrandfatherB.isworthalotofmoneyC.helpshimtogettoknowhisgrandfatherD.helpshimtorememberhisyoungerdaysCHereisastory:Amanseesabutterfly.Thebutterflytriestogetoutofitschrysalis(蛹).Feelingsorryforitthemandecidestohelp.Hecutsthechrysalisandthebutterflycomesouteasily.Surprisinglyenoughthebutterflyisunabletofly.Ifthebutterflydoesntstruggle(挣扎)toleavethechrysalisitcantfly!Thestruggledevelopstheenergyinthebutterflywhichmakesitfly.Similarlythechallenges(挑战)oflifebringoutthebestinyoungpeopleandmakethemfly.Whenpeopleareyoungmeetingandovercoming(克月员)challengeswillmakethemstrongandreadytofacelife.Whenwelookatsuccessfulpeopleweseethatthemostsuccessfulpeoplehavehadtostruggle.Onefamousbusinessmannowownsmanybigsupermarkets.Heusedtocarryclothesonhisbackandsellthemfromdoortodoorwhenhewasyoung.AnothersuccessfulmanisDennis.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonlytwenty.Hisfather7sdeathmadehimgrowupfast.Hehadtobringupafamilyofninepeople.Hetookupthechallengesandovercamethem.Todayhisbrothersandsistersareleadingsuccessfullives.Sometimeschallengesdonotappeartousbecausewekeepawayfromthem.Sosomeparentsandteachersactivelyencourageyoungpeopletofacechallenges.Theymightorganizesomeactivitiesforyoungpeoplewhichprovidethemwithchallengeslikerock-climbingcampingvolunteerworkandsoon.Howeverjustpassingexamswillnotprepareapersonforlife.Wemustmeetandovercomechallenges.Theyoungpeopleoftodaywillbecometheleadersoftomorrow.Forcountriestocontinuetobecomesuccessfulitisimportantthattheyoungpeoplelearntomeetchallengesandovercomethem.
37.Fromthestoryweknowthatthebutterflycantflybecause.A.itgetsoutbyitselfB.themanfeelssorryforitC.ittriestochallengeitselfD.themanhelpsitcomeout
38.Dennissexampleshowsthatsuccessfulpeopleshould.A.overcomethedifficultiesB.takeupbusinessearlyC.becometheleadersoftomorrowD.sellclothesfromdoortodoor
39.WhatisthewritertryingtodointhispassageA.Describewhereabutterflycomesfrom.B.Encourageyoungpeopletofacechallenges.C.Suggesthowtobecomeasuccessfulbusinessman.D.Explainwhatwillhappenifapersonfailstheexam.
40.WhatisthebesttitleforthispassageA.SuccessfulPeopleHaveaSenseofAchievementB.YoungPeopleMustDevelopTheirEnergyActivelyC.CountriesShouldContinuetoBecomeSuccessfulD.ChallengesofLifeBringOuttheBestinYoungPeopleDMikeMyersisateacheratChaunceyRoseHighSchoolinTerreHauteIndiana.Lastyearhetaughthisstudentsabouttheworldsrainforests.Theylearnedthatrainforestsareimportantbecausetheplantsandanimalsoftherainforestgiveusfoodwoodandmedicine.Thedestructionoftheworld7srainforestshasdrawnmoreandmorepeoplesattention.Unluckilyrainforestsaredisappearing肖失)atarateof80acresperminute!AspartofaclassprojectMyersstudentsboughtthreeacresofrainforestinCentralAmerica.Theypaid$25peracre.Thestudentshopethatthelandtheyboughtwillbeprotectedandnotdestroyed.Thestudentsbecamesointerestedinrainforeststhattheydecidedtogetacloserlookatarealrainforest.SolastJuneMyersandfourofhisstudentstookaboatridedownariver.Theysawalligatorsandcrocodiles.InthemiddleoftheweekaguidetookMyersandhisstudentsintotherainforest.“Themonkeyswerenothappythatwewereintheirforest.They句子进行考查和测试的,通常要进行一定的处理而这种〃处理〃主要就是进行语义转换,其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等例:IcelandliesintheNorthAtlanticOcean.ItisthesecondlargestislandinEurope.Thecountryhasatotalareaof103000squarekilometersandacoastlineofabout6z600km.Theislandis300kmwidefromnorthtosouthand500kmacrossfromwesttoeastl.InIcelandthedistancefromnorthtosouthisthatfromwesttoeastAmuchlongerthanBshorterthanC.thesameasD.alittlelongerthan
2.排除法排序题也属于细节理解题的一种题型,它通常出现在说明文中这类文章有明显的信息词如firsttobeginwithafterthatafterwardslaternextsecondthirdthenfinally等按照信息词的提示阅读,可以加快理解的进程在做细节排序题时,首先要确定首或尾的答案,通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似,正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择,找到两者的不同之处,回到原文,进行核对,一旦确定,后面的排序就不用再比较了例题ChineseteamfirstlandsonAntarcticicecappeak(南极冰盖最iW)点)A12-manChineseteamlandedontheAntarcticicecappeakonJanuary
18.TheyarethefirstpeopletoreachthepeakofDomeA(海穹A).Itis4039metersabovesealevel(海拔).Theteambuiltastationtheretostudythechangesoftheweathergeticesamples(标本)from150metersto200metersbelowanddootherstudies.Sofartheteamhasgotnearly100-meterlongicesamplesfromaplaceabout300metersundertheicecappeak.brokesmallbranchesoffthetreesandthrewthematus/oneofthestudentssaid.EachstudentchosesomethingspecificaboutCostaRicatostudyinvolvingtheplantsanimalsfoodandculture.Duringthelastfewdaysthegrouphadtimetodofunactivities.TheywentwhitewaterraftingandhorsebackridingandvisitedCostaRicasactivevolcano(火山).Myershopestomakethetripeveryyearwithadifferentgroupofkids.HowmuchdidMyersstudentspayfortherainforesttheyboughtA.$25B.$75C.$80D.$2000WhatdidMyersandhisstudentsdoatthebeginningofthetripTheywentintotherainforest.Theyboughtacresofrainforest.Theytookaboatridedownariver.TheyvisitedCostaRicasactivevolcano.Theunderlinedword“destruction“inparagraph2probablymeans.A.破坏B.发展C.描述D.保护WhenthemonkeyssawMyersandhisstudentstheyA.feltexcitedB.feltangryC.jumpedoffthetreesD.lefttherainforestThepassagemainlyshowsthatMyersandhisstudentsdidsomethingtoprotectrainforestwantedtobuytherainforestwereinterestedintheculturewenttotherainforestforfunItisthefirsttimethatpeoplehavebeenabletogetsamplesfromtheicecappeakinAntarcticaanditisveryimportantforpeopletostudytheweatherchangesandenvironmentalchangesinthisarea(地区).TheChinesescientistshavealsobuiltaweatherstudysystem(系统)atthepeak.Thesystemcansendoutinformationabouttemperaturehowstrongthewindisandmanyotherthingsabouttheweather.Q:Putthefollowingintherightorder(顺序)accordingtothepassage.a.Theybuiltastationtostudythechangesofweatherb.AChineseteamlandedonAntarcticicecappeakTheChinesescientistsbuiltaweatherstudysystemTheygoticesamplesfromtheicecappeak.b—a—d—cb—a—c—dc—b—a-db—c—d—a
3.简单计算法数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种,要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算,以便得出符合题目要求的数据解答这类题目时,首先要弄清题干的要求是什么,然后找到与它相关的数字,再对它们进行分析、整合,最后计算出正确答案例:Thedestructionoftheworldsrainforestshasdrawnmoreandmorepeople7sattention.Unluckilyrainforestsaredisappearing(消失)atarateof80acresperminute!AspartofaclassprojectMyersstudentsboughtthreeacresofrainforestinCentralAmerica.Theypaid$25peracre.Thestudentshopethatthelandtheyboughtwillbeprotectedandnotdestroyed.Thestudentsbecamesointerestedinrainforeststhattheydecidedtogetacloserlookatarealrainforest.
53.HowmuchdidMyersstudentspayfortherainforesttheyboughtA.$25B.$75C.$80D.$2000二.推理判断题题型特点这种题型要求考生尽量考虑文章中全部信息和事实在通篇理解文章的基础上,严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意常见设题方式Fromthetextitcanbeinferredthat.Thepassagesuggeststhat.Fromthepassagewelearnthat:.WhatcanwelearnfromthepassageThewriterprobablyagreesthat.解题思路推理和判断两者密不可分推理是为了判断,判断依赖于推理推理判断题要求根据原文,经过推理,进行判断,从而得出结论,所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出但是,推理时务必要忠实于原文,在文章中寻找可推论的依据,切忌妄加评论,把自己的观点当成作者的观点.正确选项的特点1正确答案一般含义比较丰富,具有一定的综合性和概括性;2正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对,而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇如oftenusuallysometimessomemaymightcancouldpossiblyprobably等;3正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反,要特别注意.干扰选项的特点1只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出的结论【事实重现不是推理出来的】2看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符;【偷梁换柱】3虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据,但推理过头、概括过度【以偏概全】4有部分选项的内容纯属编造【无中生有】例题:WhenIsawhimthenextdayhewassmilingandcheerfulasever.WhenIbentdowntoputsomechangeinhiscupIalsodroppedthewatchin.Ididnztsayanythingaboutit.Ijustsmiledathimandkeptonwalking.HedidntevennoticeituntilIleft.Ilookedbackandwatchedashepulledthewatchfromthecup.HelookedtomeandIjustsmiledandnodded.HeputthewatchonwithabigsmileonhisfaceandIwalkedhappilyonmyway.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.theoldmanknewthewriterhadbroughthimanewwatchtheoldmandidntseeitwhenthewriterputthewatchinthecupthewriterdroppednothingbutawatchinthecupthewatchmusthavecostthewriteralotofmoney三.词义组猜测题型特点考生应该紧扣原文,根据上下文的语境进行合理判断既不要望文生义,也不要断章取义,更不能只选择自己认识或熟悉的目忠干扰项出现的错误选项,一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义,或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式;而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的,而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的常见设题方式WhatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymeaninChineseWhatdoestheword〃…〃inParagraph2probablymeanThewords〃.・.〃inParagraph4probablymeans...TheunderlinedwordinParagraph4means.解这类题时应注意以下特点
①注意一些过渡词语如thatisthisisinotherwords等它们直接引出了同义解释;
②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果,让步,递进,转折,列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能
③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、定语从句,相似或相反的结构等
④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等),因此拼读有时是最合适的方法例1:Emojisarenowusedasanewformofexpressionandonewhichcancrosslanguagebarriers(障碍).‘Emojisarepopularamongmillennialswhowerebornbetweenlate1980sandearly2000sbecausetheywelcomenewtechnologyandnewthingsandtheythinkemojisareflexiblepresidentofOxfordDictionariestoldTheWallStreetJournalsays.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmillennialsinthe3rdparagraphmeaninChineseA.80后B.00后C.独生子女D.千禧一ft例2:Thedestructionoftheworld7srainforestshasdrawnmoreandmorepeople7sattention.Unluckilyrainforestsaredisappearing(消失)atarateof80acresperminute!
55.Theunderlinedword“destruction“inparagraph2probablymeans.A.破坏B.发展C.描述D.保护具体解题思路通常,猜测词义题常用下面这八种方法方法一构词法I.派生词法根据一部分英语单词的词根,观察词头(前缀)或词尾(后缀)来猜词义彳列题:Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.A.nothonestB.nottrueC.notlovelyD.notfriendly根据派生词法可知,dis-作为前缀有“not”的意思,所以答案为常见前缀和后缀总结方法二合成词法
(1)由两个单词组成的新词,可根据两个词的意思猜测出新词的词义例题Overweightisbadforyourhealth.A.toomuchB.toofatC.toosmallD.toonoisy根据合成词法可知答案为Bo
(2)根据标点符号猜测词义具体方法是在——〃:后面的内容通常都是对前面语言的解释、描写和补充说明例题TheGreekmarriagewasmonogamousmenandwomenwereallowedonlyonespouse(酉己偶)atatime.根据破折号”——后面的解释可以猜测出划线词的词义是一夫一妻制〃方法三同义词、近义词法看到beconsideredasrefertoandoralso等常连接同义词组的标志词时,可以根据这些标志词前后句的同义词关系猜测出词义例题Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.根据第二句中的also”可知,前后两句是同义关系,所以harmful与detrimental也是同义关系,可知中文意思是有害的方法四因果关系法看至I」becauseassinceforsoasaresultsoso...thatsuch...that等表示前因后果关系的关联词时,根据因果关系判断出词义例:Allhisattempts(尝试)tounlockthedoorwerefutilebecauseshewasusingthewrongkey.根据because后面句子的意思与前面的句子是因果关系,可以猜测出词义是〃徒劳的、无效的〃方法五对比转折关系法看至I」“butwhilehoweverinsteadofratherthanunlikeyetthough…”表示转折关系的关联词时,根据转折关系猜出词义例题Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycoolthenoondaysunwastropical.根据although引导的让步状语从句与主句之间的转折关系,可以判断出tropical与cool应该互为反义词,所以词义是热的方法六生活常识法例题JohngotonthemotorbikeIsatbehindhimonthepillionandweroaredoffintothenight.根据1satbehindhimonthe...可以判断出:我坐在了摩托车的后座上方法七举例法看到suchaslikeforexample等举例的标志词时,可以根据后面的例句猜测词义例题Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsofmoneyonappliancesforexamplewashingmachinesrefrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.根据forexample后面的句子可以判断出词义是家用电器〃方法八定义或释义法看至!]thatistosayinotherwordsmeanbeconsideredrefertobeknownasdefinenamelybecalled定语从句”等标志词时,根据定义法猜测词义彳列题Endangeredmeansthatwithouthumanhelpananimalorplantwillbecomeextinctwhichmeansthattheanimalorplantwillneveragainstayaliveonearth.A.deadB.dangerousC.brightD.naturalwhichmeansthat......就是解释和定义,所以可知正确答案是A四.主旨段落大意题及标题归纳题题型特点解答这类题时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义在涉及文章的主题mainidea、结论conclusion、结局ending等有关问题时,需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息常见设题方式Thegeneralideaofthepassageisabout.Themainpurposeofthepassageis.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkaboutWhatsthepassage/Paragraph3mainlyabout*proof证明ofageneededLiftHours。