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英语中六大从句用法总结.主语从句1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末常见的句型有ltisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...ltseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...ltisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...ltissaid\reported\estimated\hasbeenprovedthat...Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语Whatwelackisexperience.3)whatwhowhenwhywhether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying..宾语从句1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后连词that常可省略介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句inthat(因为)exceptthat(除了)butthat(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句lpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.AIIthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在thinkbelievesupposeexpect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式Hedidntthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent..表语从句表语从句出现在结构为‘主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中表语从句除可用thatwhatwhenwhywhetherhow等弓I导夕卜,还可由becauseasifthough等弓I导that常可省略如主句主语为reason只能用that引导表语从高,不可用because.PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller..同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whetherwhowhenwherewhatwhyhow等弓I导常见的先行名词有factideabeliefnewshopeconclusionevidencesuggestionorderproblemjeportdecision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship..定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导邛艮制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整引导定语从句的关系代词有whowhomwhosewhichthat等whowhomwhose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于ofwhich;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)当先行词是allanythingeverythingsomethingnothing等不定代词或先行词前看firstlastanyfewmuchsomenoonly以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句ThatisallthatIveheardfromhim.HesthefirstpersonthatTmgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that也可省略Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthosethingswhich\thatwehavetoputupwith.3引导定语从句的关系副词有whenwherewhy等关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构Evenincomicbookswhere=inwhichtherearenowordsthestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.Nooneknowsthereasonwhy=forwhichhewassoangrythatday.
5.定语从句*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响不可用that引导非限制性定语从句关系词不可省略Everyobjecthasagravitationalpullwhichisratherlikemagnetism.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配ThisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavingsItiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such…as”及“thesame…as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.as代替先行词problemsAsismentionedabovenosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensonthelnternet.as代替主语
6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有1whenwheneverwhileas5after5before5since5till3until5once等Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2assoonas3hardlyscarcely...whennosooner...than3eacheverytimethemomentjmmediatelythat等AssoonasIsentane-mailmessageIreceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnewshejumpedwithjoy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是wherewherever.Wherevershewentshetookherlittledaughterwithher.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有becauseassincenowthatseeingthat5consideringthatinthat等Consideringthatheisafreshman5wemustsayheisdoingwell.2引导结果状语从句的连词有so…thatsuch…thatsothatthatso等MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.3引导目的状语从句的连词有sothatjnorderthatforfearthatlest等,从句常使用maymightcancouldwould等情态动词Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.*条件和让步状语从句1引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有ifunlessassolongasonconditionthatjncaseprovidedprovidingthatsupposing等Aslongasyouhavetherightequipmentyoucanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.2引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有thoughalthoughwhethereventhoughevenifnomatterwhatwhenhow...whateverwheneverwhereverhowever....^othoughevenif等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构具有强调意义其结构为“形容词副词、动词、名词+as+主语+谓语”NomatterwhatyoumaysayIwouldnotchangemymind.Youngasheisheisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.=thoughheisyoungChildasheishecanspeakEnglishfluently.=thoughheisachild*方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有asjustasasifasthoughasifasthough引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反Theyoungmanmadetheexperimentjustastheteacherhadtaughthim.Everythingwentonasusualasifnothinghadhappened。