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2023年高考终极押题卷(全国卷)全析全解(考试时间12分钟试卷满分150分)注意事项.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第n卷(非选择题)两部分答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.回答第I卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号写在本试卷上无效.回答第H卷时,将答案写在答题卡上写在本试卷上无效.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)注意回答听力部分时,请先将答案标在试卷上录音部分结束前,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上第一节(共5小题;每小题
1.5分,满分
7.5分)听下面5段对话每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍WheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplaceA.Atashoeshop.B.Ataclothesshop.C.Atapaintshop.【答案】B【原文】W:CanIhelpyousirM:YesdoyouhavethisshirtinsizeMInthesamebluecolorplease.Itmatchesmyshoeswell.WhatdoesthemansuggestthewomandoA.Makemorefriends.Tryharderatwork.Haveapositiveattitude.【答案】c[原文】M:EventuallyyoullbeoldlikemeHelen.Nowyouhavelessresponsibility——soenjoyit.W:ThatstrueGrandpa.Tmjuststressedaboutmygradesandschoolfriends.M:Allstudentsdo一justtrytoenjoyyourworkanddontworry.WhatwillthemandonextOrganizeatriptoFrance.Sendalettertotheschool.CPrepareateachingcourseintraveling.【答案】B[原文】M:Isyourschoolorganizingayear-endtriplikelastyearmassextinction.Contrarytoconventionalknowledgetheirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformofcreativedestruction^^thatallowsneworganismstoradiate(向周围辐射出去)andevolve.Insteaditsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.Dr.HoyalCuthilltheleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologysaidinastatementSomeofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthenumberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandtheinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecansotospeakholdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.^^Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Within5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(中断)AIdetected“bigfivemassextinctionssevenmoremassextinctionstwomassextinction-radiationeventsand15massradiations.Mostimportantlyitdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurredwitheachotherchangingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappearsthatlargerextinctionsarecertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianExplosionforexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedonthefirstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.ThisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversityincludingtheCambrianExplosionusuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated(孤立的)fromextinction.Dr.NicholasGuttenbergastudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplainedEcosystemsaredynamicandyoudontneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.”WhatsthefunctionofthefirstparagraphToanalyzethecauseofcreativedestruction.Totellustheresultofthenewstudy.ToexplainthepowerofartificialintelligenceTopresenttheconventionalideaofmassextinction.WhatdoDr.HoyalCuthilPswordsimplyA.NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter.B.Itsdifficulttounderstandthehistoryoflife.C.Newspeciesappearbeforemassextinction.D.AIcontributesalottothestudyofevolution.WhyistheCambrianExplosionmentionedinthetextA.Toprovideknowledgeofhistory.B.TohighlighttheimportanceofALC.Tosupportthenewstudy.D.Toprovethepreviousviewisright.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutAnewunderstandingofmassextinction.Theprocessesofbiologicalevolution.AnimalspecieswithmodernphysicalfeaturesTherelationshipbetweenmassextinctionandradiation【答案】
32.B
33.D
34.C
35.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了利用人工智能对大规模物种灭绝进行的研究情况及产生的新见解.推理判断题根据第一段Usingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI)scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconventionalknowledgetheirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformofcreativedestructionthatallowsneworganismstoradiate(向周围辐射出去)andevolve.Insteaditsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.(利用人工智能的力量,科学家们揭示了对大规模灭绝的产生和破坏的新见解与传统知识相反,他们的研究表明,更大的灭绝并不总是一种〃创造性破坏〃的形式,允许新的生物辐射和进化相反,它表明大规模灭绝很少与新的辐射物种有关广可知第一段的作用在于告诉读者一种新发现故选B.细节理解题根据第二段中“Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandtheinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecansotospeakholdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.(新的机器学习应用程序可以帮助我们以人类可读的形式理解信息这意味着可以这么说,我们可以将五亿年的演化掌握在手掌中,并从我们所看到的中获得新的见解厂可知,人工智能可以帮助人类学习,掌握5亿年的进化知识的同时还能得出新的见解,所以对人类进行进化研究贡献很大故选D.推理判断题根据文章第三段中TaketheCambrianExplosionforexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedonthefirstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.(以寒武纪大爆发为例,大约在4100万年前,一大群动物首次出现在第一个化石记录上,并出现了一种具有现代物理特征的高机动动物的黎明厂以及最后一段中“ThisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversityincludingtheCambrianExplosionusuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated(孤立的)extinction.(这项新的研究发现,其他一些值得注意的生物多样性爆炸,包括寒武纪大爆发,通常发生在它们基本上与灭绝隔离的时候户可知,在寒武纪大爆发中找到了值得注意的生物多样性爆炸,所以文中提到寒武纪大爆发是为了支持新的研究,故选C.主旨大意题根据第一段第一句Usingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI)scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.(利用人工智能的力量,科学家们对大规模灭绝的产生和破坏有了新的见解)”以及下文的讲述可知,文章主要介绍了利用人工智能对大规模物种灭绝进行的研究情况及产生的新认识,A项“Anewunderstandingofmassextinction.(对大灭绝的新认识)”符合文意故选A第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Since2011peoplearoundtheworldhavebeencelebratingWorldIntrovertDayonJanuary
2.Thewordintroverteddescribesapersonalitytype.36Theyarelikelytofeelexhaustedbyenvironmentsthatarehighlysimulatingandmayoftenneedtogotoaquietplacetorecharge.WorldIntrovertDaybeganwithablogpostfromGermanpsychologistFelicitasHeyne.Shesuggestedthatintrovertsareoftenmisunderstoodandtheirmentalhealthsuffersbecausepopularcultureisdominatedbyextroverts.HerideawastocelebrateWorldIntrovertDaytoraiseawarenessofthesocialchallengesthatintrovertsface.37TherearemanyfamousintrovertsinartandsciencesuchasAlbertEinsteinCharlesDarwinandJ.K.Rowling.Itisbelievedthatmanyintrovertshaveagreatabilitytofbcusandstrongpowerofimagination.38Extrovertsloveconnectingwithotherpeopleworkwellingroupsandareusuallyveryconfident.Whenintrovertsdontfitintogroupsofextrovertstheymaybeseenascolduninterestedorshy.Popularculturetellsusthatitisimportanttonetworksocializeandcommunicatebutallofthiscanmakeintrovertsfeeluncomfortable.Scientistsarestudyingwhatcausessomeonetobeanintrovertoranextrovert.Recentstudiesshowthatgenesareafactorandmostpeopleseemtobebornwithonepersonalityortheother.39Thebrainofanintrovertcanresponddramaticallytoaverymildstim-ulusbutthebrainofanextroverttendstoneedastrongerstimulustohavethesamereaction.Ourenvironmentandexperiencesalsoinfluencewhetherweareintrovertedorextroverted.Thetermambivertdescribessomeonewhoisrightinthemiddle.
40.Theoppositeofanintrovertiscalledanextrovert.Extrovertsareeasilyaccessibleandunderstandable.Introvertedpeopleareknowntolivewithuniquechallengesandgift.Itwouldalsocelebratethecontributionsofintrovertsthroughouthistory.Introvertedpeopledontrequirealotofsocialcontactandtheyenjoyspendingtimealone.Whateverpersonalitytypewehavewecancelebrateourdifferencesandlearnfromeachother.Partofwhatmakesusintrovertedorextrovertedishowourbrainsrespondtotheworldaroundus.【答案】
36.E
37.D
38.A
39.G
40.F【解析】这是一篇说明文文章介绍了内向者的特点,并探讨了导致内向和外向的原因,建议人们尊重内向者,赞美差异,并相互学习.上文“Theword“introverteddescribesapersonalitytype.(“内向”这个词描述的是一种性格类型)”提出了内向是一种性格类型,选项E”内向的人不需要太多的社交,他们喜欢独处”承接上文,具体介绍内向者的性格特点故选E项.上文“HerideawastocelebrateWorldIntrovertDaytoraiseawarenessofthesocialchallengesthatintrovertsfhce.(她的想法是庆祝世界内向者日,以提高人们对内向者所面临的社会挑战的认识厂介绍她想庆祝内向者日来提高人们对内向者的认识,选项D“它还将庆祝内向者在历史上做出的贡献”承接上文,继续介绍她的想法,庆祝内向者的贡献,也是为了提高人们对内向者的认识故选D项.上文介绍了有关内向的知识,下文“Extrovertsloveconnectingwithotherpeopleworkwellingroupsandareusuallyveryconfident.Whenintrovertsdontfitintogroupsofextrovertstheymaybeseenascolduninterestedorshy.(夕卜向的人喜欢与他人交流,善于团队合作,通常非常自信户减少外向,因此推断上下文是转折关系,选项A”与内向者相反被称为外向者”承接上文,引出下文故选A项.上文“Scientistsarestudyingwhatcausessomeonetobeanintrovertoranextrovert.Recentstudiesshowthatgenesareafactorandmostpeopleseemtobebornwithonepersonalitytypeortheother.(科学家们正在研究是什么导致一个人内向或外向最近的研究表明,基因是一个因素,大多数人似乎天生就有一种或另一种性格类型户提出是什么导致内向和外向性格,并介绍研究结果,选项G“使得我们内向或外向的部分原因是我们的大脑对周围世界的反应”承接上文,总结研究结果,说明导致内向和外向的原因故选G项.空处是最后一句,对前文总结_ty;uThebrainofanintrovertcanresponddramaticallytoaverymildstim-ulusbutthebrainofanextroverttendstoneedastrongerstimulustohavethesamereaction.Ourenvironmentandexperiencesalsoinfluencewhetherweareintrovertedorextroverted.Thetermambivertdescribessomeonewhoisrightinthemiddle.(内向者的大脑可以对非常温和的刺激做出巨大的反应,但外向者的大脑往往需要更强的刺激才能有同样的反应我们的环境和经历也会影响我们是内向还是外向中向性格者这个词描述的是处于中间的人厂讲述了内向者,外向者,以及中间性格的人,选项F“无论我们有什么性格类型,我们都可以庆祝我们的差异,互相学习”对上文的不同性格做出总结,要庆祝不同,互相学习故选F项第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题
1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑CorionEvansa19-year-oldboywashangingoutwithfriendsinaparkingareabelowaMississippihighwayinJuly.acarwiththreegirlsinsideslippedoffaboatramp(坡道),droppingintothePascagoulaRiver.Itrestedsome20feetfromlandthen42Corionwonderedwhytheyjustdroveintothewaterandlaterlearnedthatthedriverhadfollowed43directionsfromherGPS.Itwasaround11:30p.m.Inthe44Corionandhisfriendscouldbarely45thegirlsholdingontotherooftheonlypartofthecarstill46water.Buttheycouldhearthemscreaming.Corion47hisshirtandshoesputhisphonedownthen48intothewater.Hehelpedthefirstgirlandledherto
49.JustthenPoliceOfficerGarryMercerarrived.Hejumpedintotherivertohelpanothergirl.Howeverhalfwaybacktothe50shepanickedandwentunderwater5]Mercerdownwithher.Corionjumped52intothewaterandhelpedthemuntiltheycouldstand.Ifhehadntbeentherewhoknows”MercertoldtheWashingtonPost.CoraWatsonwhocouldnotswimwasstill53inthewatertotakeabreathfeeling
54.Watsonsaid“Ijustknewmy55breathwascomingandmymindtoldmethatIwasslowly56myself.^^ShebegantogounderfortunatelyCorionhad57me.”Thethreegirlsweretakentothehospitalandreleased.TheyrealivebecauseCorionEvansriskedhis58tosavethem.CorionEvanswashonoredfbrhis59bythemayor.Corionbrokehiscurffew(宵禁)butImnotmad“hismotherMarquitatoldthePost.“Hehadagood
60.B
55.D
56.C
57.A
58.B
59.C
60.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述了19岁的CorionEvans和朋友在密西西比州高速公路下帕斯卡古拉河边的停车场闲逛时,偶然遇到了一辆载有三个女孩的轿车掉进河里,Corion见此情景,立即跳入水中英勇救人的故事.考查副词词义辨析句意突然一辆载着三个女孩的轿车冲出用来拖船下水的坡道,掉进Pascagoula河里A.Certainly当然,肯定;B.Actually实际上;C.Definitely明确地;D.Suddenly突然根据上文“CorionEvansa19-year-oldboywashangingoutwithfriends”可知,CorionEvans和朋友正在闲逛时,突然一辆轿车冲出用来拖船下水的坡道,掉进河里,suddenly符合语境,故选D.考查动词词义辨析句意它掉进距离陆地大约20英尺的水里,然后沉下去了A.left离开;B.burned燃烧;C.sank下沉;D.rushed冲根据上文“droppingintothePascagoulaRiver”可知,汽车掉进河里,接着应是下沉,故选C.考查形容词词义辨析句意Corion很好奇她们怎么就这么开进了水里,后来才了解到是司机按照导航的错误方向行驶导致的A.exact准确的,精确的;B.wrong错误的;C.opposite相反的;D.extra额外的结合语境可知汽车开进河里应是导航错误,故选B.考查名词词义辨析句意:黑暗中,Corion和他的朋友们只能勉强辨认出几个女孩抓住车顶的样子,那是汽车唯一露出水面的部分A.darkness黑暗;B.crowd人群;C.silence沉默;D.shadow阴影根据上一句Itwasaround11:30p.m.(时间是晚上11:30)”可知,晚上11:30周围应是黑漆漆的,故选A.考查动词短语辨析句意同上A.takeout取出;B.bringout出版,生产;C.pointout指出;D.makeout辨认出根据空后“thegirlsholdingontotheroof可知,由于黑暗,Corion和他的朋友们只能模糊地看到女孩们抓住车顶的景象,makeout“辨认出”符合语境,故选D.考查介词词义辨析句意同上A.in在里面;B.above在上面;C.under在下面;D.off从离开根据语境可知,车从坡道划下,落入水中后不断下沉,此时车顶应该是汽车唯一还露在水面上的部分故选Bo.考查动词词义辨析句意Corion脱下他的衬衫和鞋子,放下手机,然后跳进水里A.removed脱下,去除;B.exchanged交换;C.delivered发表,递送;D.replaced替换根据语境及下文“Hehelpedthefirstgirlandledherto—9—.”可知,在危急关头,Corion脱掉衣服鞋子,立即跳到水里救人故选A.考查动词词义辨析句意同上A.escaped逃跑;B.walked走路;C.dived跳水,下潜;D.crashed碰撞根据语境可知,Corion脱掉衣服鞋子,立即跳到水里救人故选C.考查名词词义辨析句意他跳到水里帮助第一个女孩,把她带到了安全的地方A.peace和平,平静;B.recovery恢复;C.health健康;D.safety安全的地方/场所根据“Hehelpedthefirstgirl”及语境可知,Corion跳到水里帮助第一个女孩,把她带到了安全的地方故选D.考查名词词义辨析句意然而,在返回河岸的半路上,她惊慌失措,沉入水下,把Mercer也拖下了水A.bank河堤,河岸;B.shelter遮蔽,庇护;C.ship船;D.bridge桥根据上一句Hejumpedintotherivertohelpanothergirl.(他跳进水里去帮助另一个女孩广可知,警官GarryMercer跳进水里去救另一个女孩,此处是指在他把女孩带到岸边的半路上被拖下水,故选A.考查动词词义辨析句意同上A.carrying携带;B.dragging拖,拽;C.catching抓住;D.pushing推根据语境可知,在返回岸边的半路上,女孩惊慌失措,把警官Mercer也一起拖下了水底故选B.考查副词词义辨析句意Corion跳回水中帮助他们,直到他们能站起来为止A.across横穿;B.up向上;Cback回原处;D.forward向前根据语境可知,已经返回岸边的Corion见此情景,又跳回河里去救助第二位女孩和警察jumpedbackintotheriver跳回河里故选C.考查动词词义辨析句意CoraWatson不会游泳,她还在水里挣扎着喘着气,感到很害怕A.struggling挣扎;B.striking撞击;C.searching搜寻;D.wandering漫游,徘徊根据whocouldnotswim”可知,第三个女孩CoraWatson不会游泳,所以她在水里挣扎,努力地想喘上一口气故选A.考查形容词词义辨析句意同上A.annoyed恼怒的;B.scared惊恐的恐惧的;C.relieved宽慰的;D.relaxed放松的根据语境可知,不会游泳的CoraWatson此时应是感到非常害怕,故选B.考查形容词词义辨析句意Watson说“我只知道我的最后一口气就要来了,我的大脑告诉我,我就要慢慢失去自己了A.deep深的;B.precious珍贵的;C.only唯一的,仅有的;D.last最后的此处是还在水里挣扎的女孩的心理活动,指她知道自己快要无法呼吸了,所以是mylastbreath“我的最后一口气:故选D.考查动词词义辨析句意同上A.behaving表现;B.abandoning遗弃;Closing丢失,失去;D.helping帮助此处接上文的心理活动,指“我的大脑告诉我你就快要失去自己(死去)了“,losemyself原意为“迷失自己;失去自我”,此处Iwasslowlylosingmyself可理解为“我快要死了故选Co.考查动词词义辨析句意:“幸运的是,Corion抓住了我A.grabbed抓住;B.touched触碰;C.followed跟随;D.felt感觉根据语境及“fortunately”可知,此处指正当CoraWatson继续往下沉的时候,Corion及时赶到,抓住了她,并将她救起故选A.考查名词词义辨析句意:她们能活下来是因为CorionEvans冒着生命危险救了她们A.time时间;B.life生命;C.fortune财富,运气;D.opportunity机会根据上文内容可知,Corion多次跳入水中救人,所以她们还能活着是因为Corion冒着生命危险救了她们riskoneslife冒着生命危险故选B.考查名词词义辨析句意CorionEvans因他的行为受到市长的嘉奖A.thoughts想法;B.attitudes态度;C.actions行为;D.words说的话根据上文内容可知,Corion因为他英勇救人的行为而获得了市长的嘉奖故选C.考查名词词义辨析句意“Corion违反了他的宵禁,但我没有生气「他的母亲Marquita告诉《华盛顿邮报》“他有很好的理由A.view观点;B.chance机会;C.fame名声;D.reason原因根据语境可知妈妈觉得Corion的英勇行为恰巧给了他违反宵禁一个好理由,此处妈妈的话略带调侃的成分故选D第n卷注意将答案写在答题卡上写在本试卷上无效第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第二节(共10小题;每小题
1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式AfterEmperorKangxidecidedtobuild61summerresortherein1703ChengdebecamethesecondpoliticalcenteroftheQingDynastyanditwasalsotheplacewheretheemperorsreceivedforeignguestsavoidedsummerheatandhunted.62constructthroughoutthe18thcenturytheMountainResortwasusedbysomeemperorsoftheQingDynasty.Duringthereign统治ofEmperorYongzhengthecityRehewascalledChengdeforthefirsttimeanditreachedits63highinthereignofEmperorQianlong.TheMoutainResortandEightOuterTemples64listamongtheWorldCulturalHeritagesitesin1994andtheyhavecontributedtowardsthecitybeingoneofthefamouscitiesintheworld.AlittlefurtherupnorthofChengdeliesanotherjewelofthecity-thenaturalhotsprings.ItsnowonderthatinQingDynastyChengdewascalledRehewhichliterallytranslates65hotriver”.Thehotsprings66containabout43kindsofmineralsare67benefittothehumanbody.InthesouthwestofChengdethereisawonderland68specificforartistsandspacelovers.IfsalsohometooneoftheworldsbiggesttelescopesknownasLAMOSTthrough69youcanobservemorethan4000starsatonetime.Whetheryouhaveacreativespiritascientificmind70aresimplylookingfbrasoul-cleansinggetawayChengdeisaperfectplacefbryou.【答案】.a
62.Constructed
63.height
64.werelisted
65.as
66.containing
67.beneficial
68.specifically
69.which
70.or【解析】本文是说明文文章介绍了承德避暑山庄.考查冠词句意1703年康熙皇帝决定在此兴建避暑山庄后,承德成为清朝第二大政治中心,也是历代皇帝接待外宾、避暑、狩猎的地方resort是可数名词,根据句意,此处泛指“一处度假胜地”,且summer发音以辅音音素开头,故填a.考查非谓语动词句意建于18世纪,避暑山庄曾被清朝的一些皇帝使用过分析句子可知,construct作状语,与逻辑主语theMountainResort是被动关系,用过去分词作状语,故填Constructed.考查名词句意雍正年间,热河第一次被称为承德,乾隆年间达到鼎盛形容词性物主代词修饰名词作宾语,height“顶点”,故填heighto.考查动词时态语态句意1994年,黄山度假区和八大外庙被列入世界文化遗产,为这座城市成为世界著名城市做出了贡献分析句子可知,list是谓语动词,与主语TheMoutainResortandEightOuterTemples是被动关系,主语是复数,由in1994可知用一般过去时故填werelisted.考查介词句意难怪在清朝,承德被称为热河,直译过来就是“热河”根据句意,as“作为”符合句意,故填aso.考查非谓语动词句意温泉中含有约43种矿物质,对人体有益分析句子可知,contain修饰hotsprings二者之间是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故填containing.考查形容词句意同上作表语用形容词,故填beneficial.考查副词句意在承德的西南部,有一个专门为艺术家和太空爱好者准备的仙境修饰介词短语用副词作状语,故填specifically.考查定语从句句意它也是世界上最大的望远镜之一LAMOST的所在地,通过它你可以一次观测到4000多颗恒星分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰one指代telescope从句中作介词through的宾语,指物,用关系whicho故填whicho.考查连词句意无论你是有创造性的精神,科学的头脑,还是只是寻找一个净化灵魂的度假胜地,承德都是一个完美的地方whether...or…“无论还是”是固定短语,引导让步状语从句,根据句意,故填or第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号(口),并在其下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉修改在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意1•每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分DearfellowstudentsWiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationapproachesmanystudentsofSeniorThreefeelquitestressfulandarenotwillingtosparetimeforsports.Theyjustlosesightoftheimportantrolesportsplayin.Infactdoingsportsregularlybenefitusindifferentways.Firstsportshelpeverypartsofourbodiesworktogetherbutpreventusfromfallingilleasily.Besidesparticipatinginoutdoorsportswecangetcloselytonaturethebeautyofitisabletokeepusclear-headed.ThereforeIsincerelyadvocatethatallofusshouldtakeactivepartinsportsandgetwellpreparedfbrtheirfutureinahealthyway.Thatsall.Thankyou![答案]
1.approached一approaching.stressful—stressed.删除in.benefit—beneEts.parts—part.but一and.closely—closet一which.在active前加an.their—our【解析】这是一篇应用文,文章主要向高三学生讲述了运动的好处,并倡议所有人积极参加运动.考查现在分词句意随着高考的临近,许多高三学生感到压力很大,不愿意抽出时间做运动此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,动词approach和宾语theCollegeEntranceExamination之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补故将approaches改为approachingo.考查形容词句意同上主语manystudents指人,故此处用形容词stressed(感到)压力大的,焦虑不安的作表语,stressfill”压力重的”一般修饰物,故将stressful改为stressed.考查句子结构句意他们忽视了体育运动所起的重要作用分析句子可知,sportsplay是定语从句,修饰先行词role关系词在从句中作宾语,可省略,故in多余,故删除in.考查主谓一致句意:事实上,经常做运动对我们有不同的好处句子是一般现在时,主语是动名词短语doingsports谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故将benefit改为benefitso.考查名词单数句意首先,运动帮助我们身体的每个部分一起工作,并且预防我们轻易生病every“每个”后接名词单数,故将parts改为parto.考查连词句意同上结合句意可知,前后分句都是讲述运动的好处,是并列关系,应用连词and连接故将but改为ando.考查形容词句意此外,参加户外运动,我们可以接近大自然,大自然的美丽能够让我们保持头脑清醒get在句中用作连系动词,后接形容词作表语,故将closely改为close.考查定语从句句意同上分析句子可知,句中无连词,故此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是nature关系词在从句中作of的宾语,应用关系代词whicho故将it改为whicho.考查不定冠词句意因此,我真诚地主张我们所有人都应该积极参加体育运动,以健康的方式为我们的未来做好准备part是可数名词,此处表示泛指,其前应加不定冠词,active是以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词antakeanactivepartin积极参加故在active前加an.考查代词句意同上结合全文人称及本句中“allofus”可知,文章是以第一人称叙述的,此处指“以健康的方式为我们的未来做好准备”,应用形容词性物主代词ur故将their改为our第二节书面表达(满分25分)为了让学生近距离接近大自然,上周六你们班组织了一次春游踏青活动,请你写一篇文章报道此次活动,内容包括.具体的活动安排;.活动的意义;.你的感受注意.词数不少于100字;.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯【参考范文】ASpringOutingSpringisagoodtimefbrouting.AimingtounderstandeachotherbetterandbuildupourbodiesourclasshadaspringoutinglastSaturday.Asscheduledwegatheredtogetherat8:30amatthegateofourschool.Wewenttoourdestinationbybuslaughingandsingingalltheway.Muchtoourdelightthetripinvolvedmountainclimbingaswellasapicnic.Hardlyhadwereachedthetopofthemountainwhenweenjoyedanawesomeviewofthewholecity.Exhaustedaswewereonthewaybacktoschoolweallregardedthisoutingasanunforgettableexperienceforitnotonlymadeusgetclosetonaturewithfreshairandfantasticscenerybutalsoenhancethefriendshipbetweenusstudentsandpromoteourmutualcooperation.【解析】本篇书面表达属于记叙文,要求考生记述上周六班级组织的一次春游踏青活动.词汇积累旨在aimtodo一beintendedtodo包含involve^include让人惊叹的awesome—amazing看待regard一view.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句AimingtounderstandeachotherbetterandbuildupourbodiesourclasshadaspringoutinglastSaturday.拓展句OurclasshadaspringoutinglastSaturdaywhichisaimtounderstandeachotherbetterandbuildupourbodies【点睛】[高分句型1]Hardlyhadwereachedthetopofthemountainwhenweenjoyedanawesomeviewofthewholecity.(运用了部分倒装)[高分句型2]Exhaustedaswewereonthewaybacktoschoolweallregardedthisoutingasanunforgettableexperienceforitnotonlymadeusgetclosetonaturewithfreshairandfantasticscenerybutalsoenhancethefriendshipbetweenusstudentsandpromoteourmutualcooperation.(运用了as引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构和notonly...butalso...句式)W:Unfortunatelynot.AftertheproblemstheyhadinFrancetheyvedecidednottodoonethisyear.M:Thatisashame.Travelingisveryeducationalrilwritetotheheadmasterandgiveadvice.WhatdothespeakersthinkofGaryA.He9sunqualified.B.He9swell-behaved.C.He9sfaithful.【答案】A【原文】M:HowonearthisGaiystillworkingforthiscompanyHeislatefbreveiything-hismeetingshisreportsandhescomingbacklaterfromhislunchbreaksthanothers.W:Iknow.Iagree.Butwedbettergivehimachancetocorrecthismistakes..HowmuchdoesthecakecostA.$
2.
00.B.$
3.
50.C.$
5.
50.【答案】B【原文】M:Tiltakealargeicedcoffeeplease.W:Its$
2.
00.M:Ohrdalsolikeoneblueberrycake.W:Sure.Yourtotalis$
5.
50.Tilhaveyourcoffeereadyinaminute.第二节(共15小题;每小题
1.5分,满分
22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料,回答第
6、7题WhoisHelenprobablyA.Thegirfsfriend.B.Theman9sdaughter.C.Theman^wife.Whatwillthegirldoat5:00p.m.Haveamealwiththeman.Buysomesnacks.Dosports.【答案】
6.A
7.C【原文】M:WhatareyougoingtodothisafternoonWouldyouliketoshopwithmeW:WellImgoingtopracticebaseballwithmyfriendlater.M:WhattimeisyourbaseballpracticethiseveningW:Helenaskedmetopracticeatherhouseat5:00p.m.M:Thafsfine.Icandropyouoffthereafterwefinishshopping.Youmightbeabitearly.CanyouaskHelenifthafsokayW:Sure.ShallIcallherM:Ofcourse.W:Butmyphoneisinthecar.1911callherlater.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题WhydoesthewomanwanttoparkthecarinanotherplaceTheparkingspaceissmall.Therearelargerspacesavailable.Sheparksinaspotforthedisabled.WherewillthewomanandJennygofirstA.Thedrugstore.B.Thehairsalon.C.Theshoestore.WhatstheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakersMotherandson.Husbandandwife.Garageattendantandcarowner.【答案】
8.A
9.C
10.B【原文】W:MikecanyougetoutfirstandtellmeifTveparkedbetweenthelinesImighthavetobackupandtryagain.M:OK.Welltherighttire(轮胎)isrightonthelinebutthespotnexttoyouisaparkingspacethatismeantforsomeoneinawheelchair.W:Thisspotistoosmallfbrourcaranyway.Comeon.Wellparksomewhereelse.M:AreyousureyouwanttotakethechanceLisaIfsaholidayweekendandIdoubtwhethertherearebetterspacesavailable.W:Fine.FilbecarefulwhenImopeningthedoor.M:SoyoutakeJennytogetsomesportsshoesfirstandIlltakeRogerinforhishaircut.THbeabletopickupyourmedicineatthedrugstorewhilehesinthere.W:Ohthanks.Wecanmeetupatthefoodcourtfbrlunchin...sayanhourM:Perfect.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题WhatistheweatherlikeatthemomentA.Foggy.B.Rainy.C.Clear.WhereisthewomangoingA.Thesea.B.Theforest.C.Themountains.WhatdoesthemanaskthewomantodoA.Bookahotelfbrhim.B.Bringhimacoffee.C.Contacthim.【答案】U.A
12.C
13.C【原文】M:AreyousureitssafetodriveinthisfogYoumightloseallsenseofdirectionwhenyoudrivethroughtheforest.W:Itshouldbeokay.Ifsjustcominginfromthesea.OnceImontheroaditshouldclear.M:HowlongdoyouthinkyoullbedrivingW:Wellitsasix-hourtripbutIllstopfbrlunchandacoffeetokeepmeawake.M:AndwhenwillyoucomebackW:ProbablyonSundayormaybeonMonday.ItdependsonwhetherIgetthephotosIneed.AndifitrainsImightneedanextraday.Itsdangeroustoclimbmountainsafterraining.M:Okay.AreyousureyoudontneedmyhelpW:NoTilbefineonmyown.M:Callmeonceyougettoyourhotel.W:Iwill.Itsupinthemountainssothesignalmightnotbegreat.ButIlltrymybest.M:TheyllhaveInternetaccess.Ifyoucantcalljustsendmeanemail.W:Willdo.M:Okaytakecare.W:Bye.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题WhatarethespeakerstalkingaboutA・ShoppingforChristmas.PerformingonChristmas.SelectingChristmaslights.WhywilltheeventgetpressattentionTheleadactorsarewellknown.Themarketisinafamouslocation.Thenewactorshavegoodimages.HowdoesthewomanfeelabouttheopportunityA.Excited.B.Uninterested.C.Worried.WhatmustbeperfectonthedayaccordingtothewomanA.Theticketsales.B.Thesoundquality.C.Thecostumes.【答案】
14.B
15.A
16.A
17.B【原文】M:Greatnews!TheorganizersofTheChristmasMarkethavegivenusthegreenlighttoperformsomesongsatthemarketinDecember.W:Brilliant!Thatwillreallyhelptoraiseourtheaterscompanyimage.M:Iknow.TheChristmasMarketisreallybusy.Hundredsofpeopleshoppingtherewillhearourcompanysinging.W:Anditwillhelpboostthenewmembersconfidence.M:Evenbetter...TheleadactorsarehappytosingatTheChristmasMarkettoo!Theyrebothfamousenoughtoattractmanyjournalistsandhopefullythatwillmeanincreasedticketsales!W:Okayitsveryexcitingsoweneedtomakesurethateverythingisprepared.WellneedatightpracticeschedulebetweennowandDecember.Ifweregoingtogopublicwithsomeofourmaterialitsgottolookreallygood!M:Absolutely.Andweneedtomakethecostumedepartmentworkhardsoalltheactorswilllookconvincing.W:Right.Tmgoingtocallameetingwiththesoundandlightingengineerstocheckoutthelocation.Itsimportantthatthevisualsandthesoundqualityareperfectonthatday!听第1段材料,回答第18至20题WhoisthespeakertalkingtoPeoplewhohavereadherbooks.Peoplewhoarelookingforjobs.Peoplewhowanttowritetheirownbooks.WhatdoesthespeakercomparewritingabooktoCompletingaworkassignment.Writingauniversityessay.Readingamagazinearticle.HowdoesthespeakergetmostofherideasA・Byreadingpapers.B.Byspeakingtopeople.CByspendingtimeonline.【答案】
18.C
19.A
20.C【原文】ManypeopleaskmewheremyinspirationcomesfromorhowIvemanagedtowriteabookeveryyearforthelast20years.SinceyouallwishtobewritersIwillsharetheseso-calledsecretsbutIllanswerthesecondonefirst.HowdoIwritesomanybooksItseasytoanswer.Iseewritingasajob.Manywritersstartwritingbecausetheylovereadingnotbecausetheylovewriting.Whenyouareworkingonaprojectyouhavetargetstohitalongtheway.Sojustimaginethatyourbookisaprojectatwork.Youknowroughlyhowmanywordslongitwillbe.Lefssay100000words.Ifyouwrite1000adayyouwillfinishyourbookinjustoverthreemonths.Itisnotdifficulttowrite1000words.Mostofyouhavewrittenuniversitypapersfourorfivetimesthatlength.Youcanwritemorethan1000wordsaday.Aslongasyouwriteatleast1000wordsadayyouwillhaveabookwritteninnotime.Wellbacktothefirstquestion—wheredidIgetmyideasTheansweriseverywhere.Ireadnewspapersandmagazines.Ispendlotsoftimeonsocialmediaandthatswherealotofmyideascomefrom.Ourworldisfullofstoriesandwhenyoufindonethatyoufeelstronglyaboutthatswhatyoushouldwriteabout.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂UNOA50oftheMostCharmingSmallTownsinAmericaExplorethehiddengemsofeachstate:townswithquaintshopsandrestaurantsfascinatinghistoriesfiinexperiencesandnaturalbeauty.EurekaSpringsArkansasNamedoneofa“DozenDistinctiveDestinations^bytheNationalTrustforHistoricPreservationEurekaSpringsArkansasisasecludedpeacefultownintheheartoftheOzarks.MagnificentVictorianhomesbuiltoncliffsideslineitswindingstreetwhileitshistoricdowntownareaoffersmorethan100shopsandartgalleriestoexplore.CarmelCaliforniaOfficiallyknownasCarmel-by-the-seaCarmelisaworld-renowned1-square-milevillageonCalifornia^centralcoast.Wsbelovedforitsfairytale-likecottagesaswellasitsupscaleboutiques(精品店),artgallerieshistoricCarmelMissionBasilicawineriesandotherattractions.CarmelBeachhasbeenrankedasoneofAmericastopbeachtowns.MancosColoradoThespiritoftheWestisaliveandwellinMancosColoradowhereranchingisstillawayoflife.Thiscommunityofabout1600sitsjusteastoftheentrancetoMesaVerdeNationalParksoilsagreatbasefornatureloversandadventurerswholiketoridehorsesbikeandhike.Morethan150artistsandothercreativesliveinthearea;theirgallerieslinehistoricMainStreetinthecreativedistrict.Bookloverstakenote:ThisareawashometothelateWesternauthorLouisUAmour.CartersvilleGeorgiaDiscoverdinosaursandfineWesternartinCartersvilleGeorgialocatedabout50minutesfromAtlanta.Itsworld-classTellusScienceMuseumhousespennanentgalleriesofmineralsfossilstransportationtechnologyandmuchmorewhiletheBoothWesternArtMuseumistheworldslargestpermanentexhibitionspacefbrWesternart.AfterbrowsingthemuseumsvisitCartersville^historicdowntownandtakeaselfieinfrontofthefirstpaintedwalladforCoca-Cola.WhatisspecialaboutMagnificentVictorianhomesA.Theylinestraightstreets.B.Theyarelocatedincliffareas.C.Theylieinthecreativedistrict.D.Theyarefairytale-likecottages.WhichtownwillyouchooseifyouwanttotakeadventuresA.MancosColorado.B.CannelCalifornia.C.CartersvilleGeorgia.D.EurekaSpringsArkansas.WhatdothefourtownshaveincommonA.Theyareclosetothesea.B.Theyareconnectedwithart.C.Theyaresuitablefbrthebooklovers.D.Theyofferchancestoexploreamazinghistories.【答案】
21.B
22.A
23.D【解析】这是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了美国迷人的四个小镇.细节理解题根据EurekaSpringsArkansas部分的MagnificentVictorianhomesbuiltoncliffsideslineitswindingstreetwhileitshistoricdowntownareaoffersmorethan100shopsandartgalleriestoexplore.(蜿蜒的街道两旁是建于悬崖边的宏伟的维多利亚式房屋,而其历史悠久的市中心地区有100多家商店和艺术画廊可供探索户可知,宏伟的维多利亚式住宅的特别之处是它们位于悬崖地带故选Bo.细节理解题根据MancosColorado部分中“Thiscommunityofabout1600sitsjusteastoftheentrancetoMesaVerdeNationalParksoitsagreatbasefbrnatureloversandadventurerswholiketoridehorsesbikeandhike.(这个大约有1600人的社区坐落在梅萨维德国家公园入口的东边,所以对于喜欢骑马、骑车和徒步旅行的自然爱好者和冒险家来说,这里是一个很好的基地广可知,如果你想去冒险,你可以选择科罗拉多州曼科斯故选A.推理判断题根据第一段“Explorethehiddengemsofeachstate:townswithquaintshopsandrestaurantsfascinatinghistoriesftmexperiencesandnaturalbeauty.(探索每个州隐臧的宝石古镇古色古香的商店和餐馆,迷人的历史,有趣的体验和自然美景)“可知,这四个城镇是共同之处是都提供了探索神奇历史的机会故选DBToddBolaretiredbusinessmancouldneverhaveexpectedthatawoodencontainerhebuiltinhisfrontyardonedaywouldhavetheglobalimpactitdoestoday.Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructurethatlookedlikeaschoolhouseonapostandheputitinhisyardasafreecommunitylibrarytorememberhismotherwhowasabookloverandschoolteacher.BolsdesigngavebirthtoLittleFreeLibrary(LFL)anonprofitorganizationthatseekstoplacesmallaccessiblebookexchangeboxesinneighborhoodsaroundtheworld.Theconceptissimple:Neighborsareinvitedtoshareabookleaveabookorboth.Todaythereareover50000oftheselibrariesregisteredin70countries.AlmosteveryonecanregisterwithLFLandstartalibraryaslongasthepersonkeepsitingoodshapeandmakessurethatbookmaterialsareappropriatefbrhis/herneighborhood.Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes;thereforethelibrariesareusuallyuniqueinappearanceandthereseemstobenolimittothepossibilities.OnelibraryinCaliforniawasbuiltoutofausedwinecontainer;anotherinTexashadtinystairsandbrightcoloredwalls.OnceregisteredlibrariesareassignedanumberatLFLswebsite.TheLFLIndexliststhelocationsofalllibrarieswithGPScoordinates(坐标)andotherinformation.Ownersreceiveasignsaying“LittleFreeLibrary”.PeoplesaytheyhavebeenattractedtopickupabookwhenwalkingbyaLittleFreeLibraryoutofcuriosityandbecauseifsconvenient.Somesidewalklibrarianssaytheyhavemetmoreneighborssincehavingalittlelibraryintheirfrontyard.BolisalsomostproudofthewayLittleFreeLibraryisbringingcommunitiestogether.Itsstartedaneighborhoodexchange.ItgetspeopletalkingandmorecomfortablewiththeirneighborsJhesays.Thisleadstothemhelpingeachother.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“design”inParagraph2refertoAAcommunitycenter.B.Adollhouseonapost.CAbookexchangebox.D.Anonprofitorganization..WhatcanwelearnabouttheoperationofaLittleFreeLibraryA.Thereisnolimittotheselectionofbooks.Thelibrarycancomeinanyshapeandcolor.Thelibraryneedstohiremanyprofessionallibrarians.TheownermustfirstbeassignedanumberfromtheLFLwebsite.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLittleFreeLibraryA.IthelpsimproveGPSfunctions.B.Itconnectslibrariesaroundtheworld.C.Itmakesreadingaccessibletothepoor.D.Ithelpsrestorehumanconnections.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetextA.LFL:ABoostertoSharedReadingB.LFL:TheBestPlacetoMeetNeighborsC.ToddBol:ASuccessfulBookBusinessmanD.Reading:AnApproachtoImprovingYourself【答案】
24.C
25.B
26.D
27.A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了ToddBol退休之后为了纪念自己的母亲在自己家院子建立的供人阅读的木质容器催生了一个非营利组织——小小免费图书馆,旨在在世界各地的社区设置小型、方便的图书交换箱.词句猜测题根据划线词上文“Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructurethatlookedlikeaschoolhouseonapostandheputitinhisyardasafreecommunitylibrarytorememberhismother(Bol在柱子上建造了一个玩偶屋大小的建筑,看起来像校舍,他把它放在自己的院子里,作为一个免费的社区图书馆来纪念他的母亲)”和下文“Theconceptissimple:Neighborsareinvitedtoshareabookleaveabookorboth.(这个概念很简单邀请邻居分享一本书,留下一本书,或者两者兼而有之)”可知,Bol设计的是装在柱子上的像玩偶屋大小的小小校舍,用来让邻居们交换书籍,所以他设计的是用来交换书箱的小箱子故选C项.细节理解题根据第三段中Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes;thereforethelibrariesareusuallyuniqueinappearanceandthereseemstobenolimittothepossibilities.(图书馆所有者可以创建自己的图书馆盒;因此,图书馆在外观上通常是独一无二的,而且似乎没有任何限制)”可知,免费图书馆外观上没有任何限制,可以有任何形状和颜色故选B项.推理判断题根据最后——段Itsstartedaneighborhoodexchange.Itgetspeopletalkingandmorecomfortablewiththeirneighbors.Thisleadstothemhelpingeachother.(它开始了邻里交流它能让人们交谈,让他们和邻居相处得更舒服这让他们互相帮助)”可推知,小型免费图书馆帮助恢复人际关系故选D项.主旨大意题通读全文,结合第一段中“ToddBolaretiredbusinessmancouldneverhaveexpectedthatawoodencontainerhebuiltinhisfrontyardonedaywouldhavetheglobalimpactiidoestoday.(退休商人托德•博尔绝对没有想至lj有一天他在自家前院建造的一个木箱会产生今天这样的全球影响)”、第二段中“Theconceptissimple:Neighborsareinvitedtoshareabookleaveabookorboth.Todaythereareover50000oftheselibrariesregisteredin70countries.(这个概念很简单邀请邻居分享一本书,留下一本书,或者两者兼而有之今天,在70个国家注册的图书馆超过50000个)和第四段中“PeoplesaytheyhavebeenattractedtopickupabookwhenwalkingbyaLittleFreeLibraryoutofcuriosityandbecauseifsconvenient.(人们说,当他们经过一个小型免费图书馆时,他们会被吸引去拿一本书,一方面出于好奇,另一方面是因为它很方便)”可知,文章主要介绍了在ToddBol影响下建立的小小免费图书馆LFL(LittleFreeLibrary)它推动了“共享阅读”这一理念的发展A项“LFL共享阅读的助推器”是本文最佳标题故选A项CAnewstudyledbyHuijeongJeongandVijayNamboodirioftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscohasturnedtheworldofneuroscience(神经科学)onitshead.Itproposesamodelofassociativelearningwhichsuggeststhatresearchershavegotthingsbackwards.Theirsuggestionmoreoverissupportedbyaseriesofexperiments.Theoldmodellooksforwardassociatingcausewitheffect.Thenewonedoestheopposite.Itassociateseffectwithcause.Theythinkthatwhenananimalreceivesareward(orpunishment)itlooksbackthroughitsmemorytoworkoutwhatmighthavecausedthisevent.Lookingatthingsthiswaydealswithtwothingsthathavealwaysmadetheoldmodelhardtounderstand.Makingpredictionsbasedoneverysinglepossiblecue(暗示)wouldbesomewherebetweendifficultandimpossible.Itisfarsimplerwhenameaningfuleventhappenstolookbackwardsthroughotherpotentiallymeaningfuleventsforacause.Inpracticehoweveritishardtodistinguishexperimentallybetweenthetwomodels.Andthatisespeciallytrueifyoudonotevenbothertolook-whichuntilnowpeoplehavenot.Dr.JeongandDr.Namboodirihavedoneso.Theyconducted11experimentsthatweredesignedspecificallyfbrthepurpose.Duringthesetheymeasuredinrealtimetheamountofdopamine(多巴月安)beingreleasedbythenucleusaccumbensaregionofthebraininwhichdopamineisinvolvedinlearningandaddiction.Alloftheexperimentscamedowninfavorofthenewmodel.“Thestudyisthought-inspiringandrepresentsastimulatingnewdirectionsaysIlanaWittenaneuroscientistatPrincetonUniversityuninvolvedwiththepaper.Moreexperimentswillbeneededtoconfirmthenewfindings.Butifconfirmationcomesitwillhaveinfluencesbeyondneuroscience.Dr.Namboodirithinkssoandisexploringthepossibilities.Evolutionhashadhundredsofmillionsofyearstobettertheprocessoflearning.Solearningfromnatureisrarelyabadidea.
28.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2Thedifferencesbetweenthetwolearningmodels.Thedisadvantagesoftheoldlearningmodel.Thedifficultyinconductingtheexperiments.Thedailylearningbehaviorofanimals.WhatisananimalthoughttodointheoldmodelItlooksbackwardsforacause.Itassociateseffectwithcause.CItruinstheoldlearningmodel.D.Itmakespredictionsbasedoncues.WhydidDr.JeongandDr.NamboodiriconducttheexperimentsToargueagainstthenewfindings.Toconfirmtheirnewmodeloflearning.Totesttheefficiencyofthetwomodels.Tohighlighttheimportanceofdopamine.WhatisIlanaWittensattitudetowardsthenewstudyA.Negative.B.Carefree.C.Favorable.D.Doubtful.【答案】
28.A
29.D
30.B
31.C【解析•】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了关于新型联想学习模型的研究,它改变了神经科学的世界.主旨大意题根据第二段“Itproposesamodelofassociativelearningwhichsuggeststhatresearchershavegotthingsbackwards.Theirsuggestionmoreoverissupportedbyaseriesofexperiments.Theoldmodellooksforwardassociatingcausewitheffect.Thenewonedoestheopposite.Itassociateseffectwithcause.(它提出了一个联想学习模型,表明研究人员把事情搞反了此外,他们的建议得到了一系列实验的支持旧的模式向前看,把因果联系起来而新一代则恰恰相反它把结果和原因联系在一起户可知,第二段主要对比新旧两种学习模式的差异,故选A项.推理判断题根据第二段“Theoldmodellooksforwardassociatingcausewitheffect.Thenewonedoestheopposite.Itassociateseffectwithcause.Theythinkthatwhenananimalreceivesareward(orpunishment)itlooksbackthroughitsmemorytoworkoutwhatmighthavecausedthisevent.Lookingatthingsthiswaydealswithtwothingsthathavealwaysmadetheoldmodelhardtounderstand.Makingpredictionsbasedoneverysinglepossiblecue(暗示)wouldbesomewherebetweendifficultandimpossible.Itisfarsimplerwhenameaningfuleventhappenstolookbackwardsthroughotherpotentiallymeaningfuleventsforacause.(旧的模式向前看,把原因和结果联系起来而新模式则恰恰相反它把结果和原因联系在一起他们认为,当动物收到奖励或惩罚时,它会通过记忆来寻找导致这一事件的原因以这种方式看待事物可以解决两个问题,这两个问题一直使旧模型难以理解根据每一个可能的线索进行预测将是困难和不可能的当一个有意义的事件发生时,通过其他可能有意义的事件来寻找原因要简单得多户可知,旧的学习模式强调往前看,动物把原因和结果联系起来,根据每一个可能的线索进行预测,故选D项.推理判断题根据第三段Inpracticehoweveritishardtodistinguishexperimentallybetweenthetwomodels.Andthatisespeciallytrueifyoudonotevenbothertolook~~whichuntilnowpeoplehavenot.(然而,在实践中,很难从实验上区分这两种模型如果你甚至懒得去看,那就更是如此——而到目前为止,人们还没有去看f以及第四段“Dr.JeongandDr.Namboodirihavedoneso.Theyconducted11experimentsthatweredesignedspecificallyfbrthepurpose.Duringthesetheymeasuredinrealtimetheamountofdopamine(多巴胺)beingreleasedbythenucleusaccumbensaregionofthebraininwhichdopamineisinvolvedinlearningandaddiction.Alloftheexperimentscamedowninfavorofthenewmodel.(郑博士和南布迪里博士已经这样做了他们为此专门设计了11项实验在此期间,他们实时测量了伏隔核释放的多巴胺量,伏隔核是大脑中多巴胺参与学习和成瘾的区域所有的实验结果都对新模型有利)“可知,两位博士做实验以区分这两种学习模式,并证实了新的学习模式,故选B项.推理判断题根据第五段Thestudyisthought-inspiringandrepresentsastimulatingnewdirection/saysIlanaWittenaneuroscientistatPrincetonUniversityuninvolvedwiththepaper.(这项研究发人深思,代表了一个令人振奋的新方向,普林斯顿大学的神经科学家伊拉娜・威滕说,她没有参与这篇论文)”可知,HanaWitten对这个研究评价很好,持支持态度故选C项DUsingthepowerofartificialintelligenceAIscientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionof
41.A.CertainlyB.ActuallyC.DefinitelyD.Suddenly
42.A.leftB・burnedC・sankD.rushed
43.A.exactB.wrongC・oppositeDextra
44.A.darknessB.crowdC.silenceD.shadow
45.A.takeoutB.bringoutCpointoutDmakeout
46.A.inB.aboveCunderD.off
47.A.removedB.exchangedCdeliveredD.replaced
48.A.escapedB.walkedCdivedDcrashed
49.A.peaceB.recoveryC.healthD.safety
50.A.bankB.shelterC.shipD.bridge
51.A.carryingBdraggingC.catchingD.pushing
52.A.acrossB.upC.backD.forward
53.A.strugglingB.stakingC.searchingD.wandering
54.A.annoyedB・scaredC.relievedD.relaxed
55.A.deepB.preciousC.onlyD.last
56.A.behavingB.abandoningC.losingD.helping
57.A.grabbedB.touchedC.followedD.felt。