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StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReading高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题策略与技巧
一、课标怎么说根据上下文线索context推断语言的意义
二、高考怎么考一一考查方向词义猜测、短语或句意猜测、代词指代
三、题目怎么问一一常见方式Theword...inparagraph...meansWhichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword...”inparagraph...WhatdotheunderlinedwordsprobablymeanWhatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase...”inparagraph...refertoTheunderlinedexpression...”inparagraph...mostprobablymeans
四、答题怎么答一一技巧学习考向1猜测单词的意思WehaveanameforthediseaseanditisCOVID-
19.0neofthesymptomscausedbyitisahighfever.技巧记录Covid-19asitisbeenlabeledisunderstoodtobeanovelstrainofcoronavirusthatistosayithasnotpreviouslybeenidentifiedinhumans.技巧记录Weknowthatsharedspaceshavegoodairflowandweneedtoavoidgoingtocongestedplacessuchashospitalsrailwaystationsandairports.Wearingamaskisoneofthemosteffectivewaytoprotectyoufromgettinginfectedinthesecrowdedareas.Butsurgicalmasksmayleadtooxygenlackifwornforlongperiodswhichareoftenusedbydoctorsandnursesorthosewhodospecialtasks.Thcyarcmyheroes.技巧记录Inthesespecialmomentsmanyexpertsalwaysremindustowashourhandspromptlyafterweemptytherubbish.Theywarnthatitisdangerousforthemedicalworkerstooverworksinceitmaycausedisease.WiththeguidanceofthemWuhanlimitedinflowandoutflowofpeopleonJanuary232020whichmadetheroadsimpassableatthalime.技巧记录ManyChineseweresufferingfromagonyinfightingwiththeCOVID-19duringthattime.Howeverafterthestormcomestherainbow.Winterwilleventuallypassandspringissuretocome.Dawnisbreakingandwearcseeinglightcomingthrough.Thatmeanssurelywefinallywillwinandleadahappylife.技巧记录考向2猜测短语和句意©SouthbankataneasternbendintheThamesisthecenterofBritishskateboarding...Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.SafemeantcooLItmeanthello.Itmeantdontworryaboutit....fewminuteslaterwhenIlandedthetrickmyfriendsbeattheirboardsloudshouting:“Safe!Safe!Safb!”Andthatswhatmattered一landingtricksbeingagoodskater.2021年全国甲卷-C-Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymeanA.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Dontworry!
②Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.WhydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongingsThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.(2018全国卷(HI)Whatdothewords“moreismore^^inparagraph1probablymeanA.Themorethebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoneymoreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.技巧记录考向3猜测代词所替代的内容对点真题(202()新高考IC)Inthemid-1990sTomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonthsphysicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.AfewyearslaterstillattractedtothecountryhereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisithoweverendcdupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2refertoDevelopingaseriousmentaldisease.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.技巧记录
五、技巧归纳l.Wordformation
2.Opposite
3.Relatedcauseandeffectd.Definition
5.Generalknowledge
6.Usecontext
7.Example
8.Synonym
9.Samewords组成WordGuess
六、教考衔接(学以致用)
①Whenapersonisstarvingthatsnotthetimetofilltheirheadwithknowledgebuttofirstgivethepersonafish-eradicatingtheirhunger-andonlythenteachthemtofish.Fartoooftenpeopleignorethiscommonsensefirststep.Theyseesomeonewhoisstrugglingandtheyrushtoofferwisdom.LetmetellyouwhatIddoinyourpositionawell-meaningindividualmightoffer.(2023省质检)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eradicating“meaninparagraph2A.Gettingridof.B.Payingattentionto.C.Makingupfor.D.Puttingupwith.
②Astheygrewmoremobileweletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringthedaybutwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroomotherwisetheydgetuptomischief.Wedcomedowninthemorningtofindtheydturnedtheroomupsidedownandleftitlookinglikeazoq.(2021•新高考H卷)Whatdotheunderlinedwordsugctuptomischiefmeaninparagraph3A.Behavebadly.B.Losetheirway.C.Sleepsoundly.D.Misstheirmom.
③DespitethecelebrationsthoughintheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolderandthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.ItsJasonMoransjobtohelpchangethat....(2017•全国卷)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordthat”inparagraph3refertoA.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.
七、作业巩固
1.Wordformation构词法(复习常见前缀、后缀及合成词)
2.Opposite对比反义法对点真题(2020年新高考I卷)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmericatheskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunatelyitlookiheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimalealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulationsgreatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.WhatdocstheunderlinedworddecimatemeanA.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute..Rclatcdcauseandeffect相关因果法对点真题(2019•新课标卷2阅读B)Iguessthattheresprobablysomedemandingworkscheduleorsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandlugalIhehearlslrings.1mention(hesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowand1talkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsarentevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeakup“AHrightyesIwilldoit”.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasetugattheheartstringsinparagraph2meanA.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice..Dcfinition定义法对点真题(2022年1月浙江卷)Mcrcbcthspctdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontanaWashingtonandOregonshesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplacesshewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Theword“wanderlustinparagraphmeansadesiretoA.makemoneyB.tryvariousjobsC.beclosetonatureD.traveltodifferentplaces.Generalknowledge常识法Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatientheusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconsciousbecausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim..Usecontext上下文语境法对点真题(
2022.新高声全国IC片段)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely....WendyWilsonextracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreetoneofthefirsttoembarkontheprojectsaid Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfirntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^Whatdotheunderlinedwordsuembarkon”meaninparagraph7A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate..Exampl例举法对点真题(
2018.全国卷I)Inrecentcenturiestradeindustrializationthedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsory(义务的)educationespeciallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepast佗wdecadesallhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappearanddominantlanguagessuchasEnglishSpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsudominantvComplex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.
8.Synonym近义法对点真题(2021•全国乙卷)OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(座机),athirdconcedethatitsnotreallynecessaryandtheyrekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“concedeinparagraph3meanA.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.
9.Samewords同义法对点真题(2022年全国乙卷)Thatincludeshugesavingsinmainlenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenanceincludingsendingmaintenancestaffoftenatnighttoinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrewsefforts.Whatdocsmaintenance“refbrtoA.personnelsafetyB.assistancefromdronesinspectionandrepairD.constructionofinfrastructure.
10.猜测代词的指代内容Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehavioursuchashowfastamousemovedandtheyalsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph5refertoA.ThemPFCneurons.B.Theresearchers.C.Thebrainactivitypatterns.D.Thechangesinbehaviour.Keys
2.C.
3.B.
4.D.
5.麻醉药.
6.C.
7.C.
8.A
9.B.
10.C。