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情态动词
(一)情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度
(二)情态动词的特点
1.情态动词有一定的词义
2.情态动词不能单独做谓语,它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语
3.情态动词没有人称,数的变化
(三)情态动词的结构和意义L情态动词的基本句型■肯定句主语+情态动词+动词原形+……■否定句主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+……■疑问句情态动词+主语+动词原形+……
2.情态动词的意义must“必须”;can/could“能,会”;may/might“可以;should“应该”;would“愿,要;haveto“不得不”;need“需要”
(四)情态动词的基本用法Lean(could主要指过去时间)1)表示人或物本身所具有的能力,意为“能,能够,会”Twoeyescanseemorethanone./Icanswimverywell.2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)Hecant(couldnt)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.3)表不允许CanIhavealookatyournewpenHeaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.4)表示对现在动作或状态的猜测,主要用于否定句和疑问句中或感叹句中Hecan、(couldnt)beoversixty.他不可能超过六十岁5)could表示比can更委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间Can(Could)youlendmeahand帮我一把好吗?
2.may(might)1)表允许,询问或说明一件事可不可以做,might指过去时间;但在疑问句中might也可指现在时间,语气比may更委婉May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?在回答以may引起的问句时,肯定回答是一般可仍用may或Yesplease./Certainly./Sure./Ofcourse.;否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分别选用mustnot(mustrft)(禁止)/hadbetternot(最好别)/maynot(不行))may表可能,但所表示的可能性不如can所表示的那样肯定might可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定Hemaybeathome.他可能在家TheymightbehavingameetingbutVmnotsure.他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定.must(haveto表示客观需要)1)表示“必须”(主观看法)时,用于肯定句或疑问句;用于否定句时表示“禁止”Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做Youmustgethomebefore9:
00.2)表示揣测意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他准是病了他的脸色苍白3)must的疑问句,肯定回答用must否定回答用neednt或donthaveto.should1)表责任或义务,意为“应该”,用于各种人称Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.你对老师应该有礼貌2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的估计拍得很好.will1)表意愿,用于各种人称Iwilldoanythingforyou.我愿为你做任何事2)will在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求Willyouclosethewindow请你把窗户关上好吗?
6.wouldwin的过去式,表示过去时间的“意志、意愿”Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.我说过我愿意为你做任何事would用于现在时间,表示比较委婉地提出请求、建议或看法Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer再来杯啤酒好吗?
7.needneed作为情态动词,主要用于否定句疑问句;作为实义动词可用于肯定句,否定句或疑问句中Youneednttelephonehimnow你现在不必打电话给他2)回答由need引起的问句时,肯定回答一般用must否定回答是用needrft—NeedIcome—Yesyoumust.--我需要来吗?--需要情态动词练习题
(一)单项选择nItakeitoutsorryyouA.Could...couldntB.Might...mightnotC.Could...canD.May...canNeedwedothisjobnowYesA.youneedB.youshouldC.youmustD.youcantohavelunchwithustodayA.DoyoulikesB.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikedD.Haveyouliked-IsJohncomingbytrain—Heshouldbuthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.mayPetercomewithustonightbutheisntverysureyet.A.mustB.canC.mayD.willthoughtyoubehungrysoIhavebroughtyousomecakes.A.mayB.mightC.canD.couldComeon!Wehurrybecausethereisntmuchtimeleft.A.mayB.mustC.canD.needAmydidbestintheEnglishtest.Shehardlastweek.A.mustworkingB.shouldhaveworkedC.shouldworkD.mustwork.一Wouldyouliketodrinksomejuice一Thanks.butIhavedrunkalotiftea.A.rdlovetoB.IthinksoC.ImafraidnotD.Idontthinkso..一MayIsmokehere一Noyou!Lookthereisa“NOSMOKING^signhere.A.mayB.maynotC.needntD.mustnt.一Listen!Helenissinginginthenextroom.一ItbeHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing.A.cantB.mustntC.mayD.should.—Whatdodriversdowhenthetrafficlightsturnred—Theystopandwaittillthegreenlight.A.mustB.canC.mayD.need
(二)根据语境用适当的情态动词填空
1.Ileaveschoolnow”“Noyoucleantheclassroom.v
2.1tstimeforclass.Youstopplalyingfootballoryoubelateforschool..theyanswerthequeationinRussion”uNothey.”.一Ihandinmypapernow.一Noyou.Butyouhanditintomorrow..“youskatevNoI.Butmybrother.Wecrossthestreetcarefully..Heisveryclever.Heknowtheanswer.。