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国际会计试卷3一以及Definition名词解释:Eachofthefollowingfor3pointstotal12pointsForeignexchangeexposure夕卜7匚风险Forwardcontract期盅契约远期合同Anindirectforeigncurrencyquote间接外汇报价InternationalAccounting国际会计二以及Singlechoicequestion单项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor2pointstotal10pointsWhichofthefollowingisnotanenvironmentalfactoraffectingaccounting以下哪一个不是环境因素影响会计吗?A.LevelofenforcementofregulationsB.NatureofcapitalmarketsC.TypeoflegalsystemD.LanguageE.Levelofinflation
2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaffectacountry,sfinancialaccountingorientation下列哪项不影响一个国家的财务会计取向?A.Thelevelofinflation.B.Politicalandeconomictieswithothercountries.C.Statusoftheaccountingprofession.Qualityofaccountingeducation.Alloftheaboveaffectacountrysfinancialaccountingorientation.Currentproponentsofharmonizingaccountingstandardsgloballyare目前全球协调的支持者会计准则Investors.Multinationalcompanies.Thesecuritiesindustryandstockexchanges.Developingcountries.Alloftheabove.Thecurrencyinwhichtheparentcompanypreparesitsfinancialstatementsisthe货币的母公司8的财务报表A.basecurrency.B.functionalcurrency.historicalcurrency.reportingcurrency.Noneofthem
5.Underthemonetary/non-monetarymethodofforeigncurrencytranslationdepreciationexpenseistranslatedatthe:货币/非货币性方法下的外币翻译以及折旧费用是A.CurrentrateB.WeightedaveragerateC.HistoricalrateD.spotrateE.Noneoftheabove三以及Multiplechoicequestions多项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor3pointstotal15pointsMajorChallengesFacingAccountingGlobally会计所面临的挑战主要全球A.GlobalHarmonizationQualityofFinancialReportinginDevelopedandEmergingEconomicsSocialandEnvironmentalReportingFinancialReportingintheHighTechnologyEraReviewofSelectedClassificationStudiesInteractionbetweenAccountinganditsEnvironmentmainlyincludesthefowllowingaspects:会计和它的环境的相互作用主要体现在fowllowing方面A.NatureofCapitalMarketsandTypeofReportingRegimeinvestorcompanyhasrightsMajorproblemsariseinthecontextofjoint-venturesincountrieswithcentrally-plannedeconomiesie.ChinaandRussiawhereaccountinghasaverydifferentpurposemeansofcentralizedcontrolthanaccountinginwesterncountries.Differenceshavealsoarisenintheapproachtakenreceiptsandpaymentsapproachvs.accrualsapproachassetvaluationdepreciationtreatmentofliabilitiesandtheuseoffundaccountingforavarietyofpurposes.Mostoftheproblemsassociatedwithaccountingforjoint-venturesinvolvecoordinatingdifferentculturalandaccountingtraditionsinawaythatresolvesissuesrelatingtofinancialcontrolthemeasurementofprofitandthevaluationofjoint-ventureinvestments.WhydidAustraliancompaniessuchasNewsCorporationstronglyopposetheaccountingrulescontainedwithinIAS38:沏eAsse/s为什么澳大利亚公氤如新闻集团强烈反对会计规则包含在IAS200035:无形资产?MediacorporationssuchasNewCorporationarguedstronglythatIAS38whichrequiressystematicamortisationoffinitelifeidentifiableintangibleassetsnorequirementsimilartothisexistedinAustraliapriortotheadoptionofIAS38failstoreflecteconomicreality.Thereasongivenisthatsincemanyoftheseassetse.g.televisionlicencesnewspapermastheadsconveymonopolyrightstofuturecashflowstheydonotdiminishinvalueovertimeifproperlymanaged.AsaresultthesecompaniesarguedthatadoptionofIAS38inAustraliawouldsignificantlyreducetotalassetsandtotalprofitsforthesecompaniesbelowwhatweretheirtruevalues.InadditionunderIAS38intangiblescannotbestatedatre-valuedamountsunlesstheassetistradedonan“activemarket”.Noactivemarketwillexistfortelevisionlicencesornewspapermastheads.ThisisanadditionalwayinwhichIAS38changesaccountingpracticestraditionallyusedbymediacompaniesinAustralia.Whyisaccountingforidentifiableintangibleassetsanimportantissuefordevelopingcountries为什么辨认无形资产占为发展中国家的一个重要问题吗?AsdevelopingcountriesincludingtheemergingeconomiesofRussiaEasternEuropeandChinaprivatizestate-ownedcorporationsandbecomemoremarket-orientedeconomiessohastheissueofintangiblesbecomemoreimportant.ThereasonforthisisthatvaluationsneedtobeplacedonbusinessesthatincorporateintangiblessuchasRDbrandnamesandmarketknowhowinacontextwherethereisasignificantlackofinformationavailableuponwhichtobasethenecessaryjudgments.Inadditionthereisashortageofskilledandqualifiedpractisingaccountantsinthesecountrieswhocandetermineandauditreportedintangibleassetvalues.E.WhydoyouthinkdevelopingcountriessuchasPakistanandMalaysiamadethepolicydecisiontoadoptthefullsetofIASBstandardswholesaleastheirownsetofnationalstandardsratherthandeveloptheirownsetinternally你为什么认为发达国家,像巴基斯坦和马来西亚决策的采用全套国际会计准则理事会标准批发为自己的国家标准,而不是发展自己内部吗?OneimportantreasonisthatthesecountrieswouldregardadoptingtheIASBsetofstandardscompletelyastheirnationalstandardsascost-beneficialbecauseitsavesthemthecostandtimerequiredtodeveloptheirownaccountingstandard-settingbodiesandprocessesinternally.Theymayalsofeelthatthereisashortageofskilledlocalaccountantswhocanprovidethoughtinputintotheaccountingstandardsdeliberationprocess.AnotherreasonisthatthesecountriesarehopingthatfulladoptionofIASBwillsignaltointernationalinvestorsandMNEsthatreportingqualityinthecountryishigh.Asaresultinvestmentfundsflowsintothecountryaremorelikelytobemaximised.InthisrespectfulladoptionofIASBsislikelytobea“publicrelationsexercisetoacertaindegree.LastlyaninterestingpointisthatPakistanandMalaysiaarebothIslamiccountries.Islamprohibitstheuseofdebtfinancing.InPakistannon-Islamicformsofbankinghavebeenoutlawedsince1992whilstinMalaysiaWesternandIslamicbankingexistsidebyside.The“timevalueofmoney^^conceptanddiscountingprocedurearguablyhavenoplacewithinIslamicsocieties.BycontrastmanyoftheIFRSstandardsincorporatediscountingconceptsHamidetal.1993;Deegan
2000.Islamicstudentsmightbeabletoaddfurtherinterestingcommentandopiniononthisissue.QUESTION620MarksDiscussthemostimportantadvantagesanddisadvantagesofAustraliasfulladoptionoftheIASBsetofaccountingstandardsfrom1January
2005.Pleaseincludeatleastthree3argumentsforbothsides.Rateeachargumentoutoften10basedonyourownpersonalopinionastoitsmerit.讨论最重要的优点和缺点全面接纳的澳大利亚的国际会计准则理事会的会计准则从2005年1月1日起请至少应包括三3赞成双方的立场率的各个论据十10可以根据自己的个人的意见对其优点Advantages8marks:-Enhancedcomparabilityandunderstand-abilityofreports.MaylowerthecostofcapitalespeciallygiventhatAustraliascapitalmarketissmallbyworldstandardsandthenationisa“price-taker”.WillalloweasylistingforcompaniesalreadylistedontheLSE.IASBstandardsacceptableonbothASXandLSE.Cheaperarrangementbecausethecostofmaintainingalocalstandardsettingapparatusisreduced.ReducescostsandburdensuponMNEsbecausetheycanuseonlyonebasisforreporting.MorepoliticallyacceptabletotheAustralianFederalGovernmentbecausefutureAustraliancorporatefailurescanbeblamedonpooraccountingstandardsissuedbyanon-Australianbody.Disadvantages8marks:Australianaccountingstandardsperceivedashighqualitybymanyneutralobservers.Australiashouldbemorethana“rubberstamp“fbrIASBstandards.Somelocalissuesmaynotbecoveredbyinternationalrulesortheremaybeinterpretationandapplicabilityissues.TheUSremainstheworldslargestcapitalmarketandtheNewYorkStockExchangepresentlydoesnotacceptaccountspreparedaccordingtoIASBunlessaccompaniedbyareconciliationtoUSGAAP.ThehurriedmovetoIASBhasbeenviewedbysomeasapoliticalmovebytheAustralianFederalGovernmentbecausefutureAustraliancorporatefailurescanbeblamedonpooraccountingstandardsissuedbyanon-AustralianbodyAnyreasonableattemptbythestudenttoassignamarkoutoftentotheseadvantagesanddisadvantagesifaccompaniedbylogicalreasoningcanbeawarded4marks.QUESTION77+7+6=20MarksCriticallyevaluatetheallegedadvantagesofmandatedsegmentdisclosures.Includeinyouranswerthemostimportantresultsfrompredictiveabilityandstockmarketresearch所谓的主要评估的优点段授权披露包括在您的回答从最重要的结果的预测能力和股票市场研究PredictiveabilityforecastingtestsandstockmarketreactiontestshavebeenperformedtodeterminethebenefitsofLOBandgeographicsegmentalinformation.Thesemethodshavebeenusedtohelpavoidtheproblemsofignoranceandgaminginthecontextofusersurveys.Segmentalreportinghelpsuserstobetterforecasttheperformanceofandevaluatetheriskassociatedwithanentity.PredictiveabilitystudiesreviewedinRadebaughandGray2002ch.8haveallconcludedthatforecastsaremoreaccurateiftheyarebasedonLOBsegmentaldataratherthanconsolidatedearnings.Recentearnings-predictionstudiesalsoindicatethatforecastsbasedongeographicalsegmentaldisclosuresaremoreaccuratethanthosebasedonconsolidatedearningse.g.Roberts1990andBalakrishnanHarrisandSen1990asdiscussedinRadebaughandGray2002p.
199.InadditionstockmarketstudiesindicatethatdisclosureofbothLOBandgeographicalsegmentdataresultsinadecreaseinmarketassessmentsofriskofthedisclosingcorporation.Outlinesomeofthemajorissuesthathavearisenintherealworldconcerningthecontentandpresentationofsegmentdisclosures.略述的重点问题在现实世界中出现了关于具体内容和形式披露Anumberofproblemsariseinauditingandverifyingdisclosedsegmentalinformation.Particularproblemsinvolvecommoncostallocationsintra-grouptransfersandtransferpricing.Anothermajorproblemisdeterminingwhethertheidentifiedsegmentsarereasonable.Alackofguidanceinidentifyingsegmentsinmostcountriesimpliesthatcorporationscanmanipulatedisclosurestopresentthebestpossiblepictureoftheiroperations.WhilethislackofguidanceallowsMNEstoprovidemorerelevantdisclosuresthatarespecifictotheiroperationsitalsodecreasescomparabilityamongcorporations.C.Ifrisksofoperatinginacertainforeigncountryareveryhighdoyouthinkthatsegmentdisclosureforoperationsinthatcountryshouldbemandatoryeveniftheassetsinvolvedcompriseonlysay5%oftotalassetsforthecompany如巢风险某一外国操作非常高你认为段披露在那个国家的行动应该是强制性的,即使资产包括涉及只说5%的总资产公司吗?InprincipleitcouldbearguedthatsegmentdataaboutMexicoshouldbereportediftherisksarehighandthereisagoodchanceofaloss.Howeverthisgeneralizationmaywarrantqualificationaccordingtothematerialityoftheassetsatstake.HowshouldmaterialitybedeterminedThisisarbitraryalthoughpercentagesupto10%areoftenconsiderednotmaterialinpractice.Iftheamountisconsideredsignificantirrespectiveofthepercentagethendisclosurewouldseemappropriate.QUESTION85+5+5+5=20MarksAnswerfour4ofthefollowing:InMay2000NissanannouncedthatitwouldclosesomefactoriesinJapanandshiftsomeofitsproductionoperationstotheUnitedStates.WhattypeofforeignexchangeisNissantryingtoprotectitselffromExplainfully.DiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingforwardcontractstohedgesalestotheUnitedStatesasopposedtoshiftingproductionoperationsthere.在2000年5月,日产宣布,它将被关闭一些工厂在日本和将部分的经营飞往美国的航班的阴谋什么类型的外汇日产试图保护自己免受吗详细说明的讨论分析其优劣利弊使用远期合约对冲销售到美国作为反对把生产转移业务Theprosarethatforwardcontractscanbeusedtohedgeforeignsalesinawaythatwillcreateprofitsfromthetransactions.Havingthefundsbeinthehomecountrycurrencypermitsgreatercorporatecontrolandflexibility.Theconsarethatforwardcontractscostmoneyandarealwayseasytoconstructtomatchnumeroustransactionsorforecastedactivities.Ifthecompanychoosesnottoperfectlyhedgethenadditionalriskexposureoccurs.GenerallylargerfirmslikeNissanhaveotherobjectivesthanforeignexchangeriskaffectingthedecision.Thedecisiontolocateproductioninothercountriesrequiresanevaluationofallapplicablefactors.ItisunlikelythatFXshouldbethedrivingfactorbecauseoftheabilitytohedgeasignificantportionofFXrisk.Iftherearepotentialforeignexchangelossesfromreceivablesandpayablesbeingdenominatedinaforeigncurrencywhydontfirmsjustdemandthatallreceivablesandpayablesbedenominatedintheirowncurrency如果有潜在的外汇损失从应收及应付被以外币,为什么不公司只是要求各种应收及应付被以自己的货币?Foreverybuyerthereisaseller.Onepartyinthetransactionwillhavetomakeanexchangeofcurrency.Generallyinstitutionalfactorsandmarketpowerimpactonthedenominationoftransactions.Soinotherwordsveryoftenacompanydoesnothavethepowerorabilitytodemandthattheirreceivablesandpayablesbedenominatedintheirowncurrency.Itdependsontheinfluenceoftheircurrencyglobally.AUScompanyforexampleismorelikelytohaveahigherproportionofitsreceivablesandpayablesdenominatedinitshomecurrencythanisaJordanianorPeruviancompany.ExplainthecurrentcostsystemadoptedvoluntarilybyPhilipsTheNetherlands.Whatwastheirstatedjustificationforrevertingbacktohistoricalcostintheirpublished1992accountsDoyoufeelthatthischoicewasjustified解释现有成本自愿系统采用飞利浦荷兰他们宣称的理由是什么恢复在他们回到历史成本1992年出版的帐号你觉得这的选择是正确的吗?Philipsusescurrentvalueswithagearingadjustmenttoreflectthebenefitsaccruingfromfinancingassetsfromloanratherthanequitycapital.Replacementvaluesaregenerallyusedtodeterminecurrentvaluesalthoughthenetrealizablevalueisusedincertaininstances.Standardcostsaredeterminedatthebeginningoftheyearforinventoryandindicesaredevelopedtoaccountforpricechangesduringtheyear.Currentvaluesaredeterminedbythepurchasingdepartmentandtheengineeringdepartmentsforfixedassetsandindicesareusedtoupdatethesevalues.Theeffectofcurrentvaluechangesshouldshowupintheincomestatementasahighercostofgoodssoldasaresultofincreasesininventorypricesandhigherdepreciationexpense.HoweverthefallininventoiypricescoupledwiththefavourableeffectofthegearingandotheradjustmentstendedtoboostPhilips9profitsinasomewhatmisleadingwayinthelate1980*searly1990s.ThereasonsgivenbyPhilipsforrevertingtohistoricalcostwere:ImprovecommunicationwithshareholdersConsiderablysimplifyaccountingsystemsandproceduresBemoreinlinewithcurrentinternationalaccountingpracticesOutlinetheconditionsthatarelikelytobeprevalentinacountrybeforeweseethewidespreadvoluntaryadoptionofinflation-adjustedaccountingtechniques概述条件下可能会流行于一个国家才明白广泛的自愿采用通货膨胀会计技术?Corporationsarelikelytovoluntarilydisclosetheimpactofpricechangesandinflationwhentheyhaveoperationsinhyper-inflationaryeconomiesandhistoricalvalueswouldharmthecorporationspositionwithinvestorsandcreditors.Corporationsarelikelytodisclosetheimpactofinflationonlywhentheperceivedbenefitsexceedthecostsofpreparinganddisclosingsuchinformation.InGermanytherehasbeenhistoricalresistancetoanyformofcurrentcostaccountingandastrongloyaltytohistoricalcost.Whydoyouthinkthishasbeenthecase在德国已经有历史抵抗任何形式的现行企业成本会计和强大的忠诚于历史成本计价你为什么认为这是这样吗?Germanaccountingishighlyconservativeandaimstoreduceuncertaintyaboutmeasurementandcopebetterwiththeunpredictabilityoffutureevents.Theconcernaboutinflationaccountingwhichisveryimpreciseinmeasurementtermscanthusbereadilyunderstood.Theexperienceofhyper-inflationinthe1920sisalsounderstoodtohavemaderegulatorswaryofintroducinginflationaccountingonthegroundthatthismightinstitutionalizeinflationandsoperpetuateratherthancureit.InflationinGermanyinrecentyearshasinanyeventbeenverylowandsothishasnotbeenaseriousissue.Atthesametimepricechangesoftenvarysignificantlysoitcouldbearguedthatintheorycurrentvalueaccountingwouldbeuseful—subjecttoanassessmentofthecostsandbenefitsinvolved.SirDavidTweedieheadoftheIASBmadethepublicclaimonhis2002visittoAustraliathataccountingabusesassociatedwithcorporatecollapsessuchasEnronandWorldComwouldnothaveoccurredhadtheUnitedStatesadoptedIASBstandardsintheirentirety.WhywasthisstatementinfluentialinchangingtherelativepublicstatusandreputationoftheIASBandtheAmericanFASB先生大卫TweedieIASB负责人,使其公开声称在他的2002年访问澳大利亚相关会计滥用公司倒闭如安然和世通这样的公司就不会发生了如果美国政府全部采用国际会计准则理事会标准为什么这种说法有影响力的变更相关公众的地位和声誉IASB和美国财务会计标准委员会?ThisstatementwasveryinfluentialandimportantinhelpinginvestorsaroundtheworldunderstandtheseverelimitationsassociatedwiththeFASBsrules-based”asopposedto“principles-basedsetofaccountingstandardsespeciallyintheareaofconsolidatedfinancialstatements.SirDavidremainsashrewdmarketerofhisorganisationsstandards.SincehisstatementthereputationcapitalconnectedwiththeFASBanditsstandardshavedefinitelydeclinedaroundtheworldwhilethatoftheIASBanditsstandardshaverisen.AsaresulttheFASBhasbeenwillingtoworkwiththeIASBonlong-termconvergencegoalse.g.theNorwalkAgreementwhichwouldhavebeenunthinkableadecadeago.TheNewYorkStockExchangeNYSEisalsoveryawarethatmaintainingitsForm20-freconciliationrequirementrequiringforeigncompaniestoprovideareconciliationoftheirprofitcomputedunderIFRSstowhatitwouldhavebeenunderUSGAAPiscausingmanyforeigncompaniestoprefertolistonexchangessuchasLondonHongKongandAustraliawherenoequivalentrequirementexistsandconformitywithIFRSisacceptable.国际会计试卷5InternationalAccountingexampaperA
一、定义Definitions3pointsforeachdefinitionthereare4totallyFunctionalcurrency功能性货币;职能货币Foreigncurrencytranslation夕卜币折算GeneralPurchasingPowerAccounting一般购买力会计Auditing审计二以及选择MultiplechoicequestionsThereisonlyonecorrectanswerineachquestionTheunderlyingreasonfornationaldifferencesinaccountingsystemsis:民族不同的深层原因在会计系统是EnvironmentalComputersGlobalizationtheinventionoftheprintingpressThemajorearlyVenetianinfluenceonthedevelopmentofaccountingwas威尼斯主要的早期的会计的发展的影响thespreadofdoubleentryaccounting.theinitialdevelopmentofdoubleentryaccounting.theestablishmentofthefirstbankinginstitutions.thedevelopmentofthegoldflorinthestandardgoldpieceusedinEurope.Whichofthefollowingistrueconcerninginternationalbusiness下歹明E个选项是正确的在国际业务吗?Evenifafirmestablishesproductionfacilitiesabroaditisnotengagingininternationalbusinessunlessitalsoexpandssalesabroad.Ithasresultedintheshiftoftechnologicalleadershipfromtheindustrialtotheemergingdevelopingcountries.Itisconductedexclusivelyintheprivateratherthanpublicsector.Itincludesbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.Howdosocietalvaluesandaccountingvaluesinteractwitheachothertoestablishaccountingsystems社会的价值观如何和会计价值相互促进建立会计系统吗?Societalvaluesaffectaccountingvaluesandaccountingvaluesalsomodifysocietalvalues.Accountingsystemsareinfluenceddirectlybysocietalvalues.Accountingsystemsareindirectlyinfluencedbysocietalvaluesthroughtheirimpactonaccountingvaluesandinstitutionalconsequencessuchaslegalsystemscapitalmarketsetc.Accountingvaluesindirectlyaffectaccountingsystemsthroughtheirimpactoninstitutionalconsequences.Securitiesmarketsinfluencecorporatereporting证券市场的影响报告公司inindustrialbutnotdevelopingcountries.byrequiringsignificantsocialdisclosuresduetopressurefromEurope.byeliminatingtheneedforvoluntarydisclosures.byforcingcompaniestoincreasethequantityandqualityoftheirdisclosures.WhichgroupisprovidingenvironmentalimpactguidelinesforMNEs哪——组是跨国企业提供环境影响指南吗NBAATFOECDAAAAccordingtothedeductiveapproachtoaccountingclassification根据演绎的方法对会计分类,accountingpracticesareanalyzedandusedtodevelopaccountinggroups.internationalaccountinggroupsaredevelopedbylinkingenvironmentalfactorstonationalpractices.itisimpossibletocomparecountriesduetoculturaldifferences.disclosuregroupsarenotassignificantasaremeasurementgroupsinclassifyingcountries.WhichofthefollowingaccuratelyreflectsChineseaccounting下歹哪项准确地反映了中国会计吗?ThereisastrongSoviet-styleaccountinginfluence.TheaccountingsystemhasbeenchangedtoconformwithU.S.principles.Amoremicro-orienteddecision-makingapproachisbeingencouraged.TheJapanesesystemofaccountinghasbeenadopted.Forpurposesoffinancialanalysisitisimportanttoassessthedifferentialimpactofaccountingprincipleson财务分析为白的的评估是很重要的会计原理微小的影响a.returnonequityb.professionalismc.individualismd.powerdistanceTheIASCwasfoundedbylASC成立的a.theUNb.theOECDc.theAICPAd.professionalnationalaccountingorganizations三以及MultiplechoicequestionstherearemorethanonecorrectanswersforeachquestionsAllofthefollowingaretradeunionswhichinclude:以下均为工会,包括ETUCICFTUWCLIASCInvestorsareconcernedabout投资者关心的是up-to-datemeasurementsofearningslackofcomparabilityofMNEstheinformationalcontentofMNEreportsprofitabilityAnalysisofMNEaggregateresultsrequiresknowledgeofthecomponentpartsofthefollowing分析结果MNE总需耍了解的组成部分以下certificationoftheCOFRIprofitabilityc.degreeofriskd.potentialforgrowthAllofthefollowingareMNEconsolidationmethods:以下均为MNE固结方法a.fullconsolidationb.proportionalconsolidationc.equitymethodd.intangibleeliminationmethodSegmentinformation分部信息Permitsabetterassessmentofrisk允许一个更好的风险评估Givesamoreaccurateassessmentofpotentialgrowth更准确评估了潜在的增长a.Ib.IIc.neitherIorIId.EitherIorII四以及Accountingpracticesfortransactionsdenominatedinaforeigncurrency
1.Thefollowinginformationwillbeusedforquestions
1.1-
1.
6.AssumethatLewisInternationalsellsrunningshoestoaBritishimporteronJune1andthatthesaleisdenominatedat£75000andwillbecollectedonJuly
15.AlsoassumethatLewisclosesitsbooksattheendofeachmonth.Thefollowingaretherelevantexchangerates.交易会计实践以外币计价lo以下信息能被用于问题假设刘易斯国际销售跑鞋是英国进口商在6月1日,这一出售75000£计价,将在7月15日收集假定刘易斯关闭了它的书每个月的月底以下是相关的汇率$
1.6000$
1.6100$
1.5950assumethatnoforwardcontractisenteredinto.
1.IWhatisthedollarvalueofthesaleascarriedonthebooksonJune30什么是美元的价值销售为进行了书6月30日?$120750$120000$119625d.$
1215001.2HowmuchcashwillLewisreceiveonJuly15刘易斯收到多少现金7月15日吗$120750$120000$119625d.$1215003WhatistheamountoftheforeignexchangegainorlossthatitwillrecognizeonJune30总额是多少外汇利润或损失,它将会认识6月30日?$1500loss$750loss$1125loss$1875lossgainorlossisdeferred4WhatistheamountoftheforeignexchangegainorlossthatitwillrecognizeonJuly15总额是多少外汇利润或损失7月15日,它将会认识吗?$1875loss$750loss$1125loss$750gaingainorlossisdeferredAccountforforwardcontractsinthecontextofforeigncurrencytransactionsForquestions
2.1-
2.
4.AssumethatLewisentersintoaforwardcontract.1WhatisthedollarvalueofthesaleonJuly15什么是美元价值7月15日出售吗?$120750$120000c.$119625d.$
1215002.2WhatistheamountofcashthatLewiswillreceiveforthesale总额是多少现金销售刘易斯将得到吗?$120750$120000c.$119625d.$1215003ThedifferencebetweenthespotrateonJune1andtheforwardrateisa区别在6月1日的即期汇率和远期汇率是$375foreignexchangegain$375foreignexchangeloss$1500foreignexchangeloss$1500foreignexchangegain4Thedifferencebetweenthespotandforwardrateis区别期货与现货deferreduntilLewisreceivespaymentfromtheBritishimporter.takentotheincomestatementwhenthecontractisenteredinto.anadjustmenttoretainedearnings.adjustedforforeignexchangegainsandlossesoverthelifeofthecontract.国际会计试卷5Definitions.Functionalcurrency:thecurrencyoftheprimaryeconomicenvironmentinwhichthecompanyoperates;couldbethereportingorthelocalcurrencyForeigncurrencytranslation:onecurrencyisexpressedorrestatedintermsofanotherGeneralPurchasingPowerAccounting:aObjectiveistoreportassetsliabilitiesrevenuesandexpensesinunitsofthesamepurchasingpower:bNon-monetarynominalassetvaluesarerestatedusingtoendofyearpriceindex©Monetaryassetandliabilitiesarenotrestated:dSomemonetaryassetsshouldbeadjustedtoreflectpurchasingpowerchanges.Theconsumerpriceindexisthemostwidelyusedadjustmentindex.Auditing:aQuantifiableandverifiablefinancialdataofeconomicentities;bEstablishedcriteria;and©Acompetentandindependentpersontotestthecorrespondencebetweenthedataandthecriteria.二以及Multiplechoicequestions
1.a.
2.a.
3.d.
4.c.
5.d.
6.c.
7.b.
8.c.
9.a.
10.d.三以及Multiplechoicequestionstherearemorethanonecorrectanswersforeachquestions
1.a.b.c.
2.a.b.c.d.
3.b.c.d.
4.a.b.c.
5.a.b.四以及Accountingpracticesfortransactionsdenominatedinaforeigncurrency1堡d.$121500巨.$119625**b.$750loss**c.$1125lossAccountforforwardcontractsinthecontextofforeigncurrencytransactions1整a.$120750^b.$120000**c.$1500foreignexchangeloss4**d・adjustedforforeignexchangegainsandlossesoverthelifeofthecontract.国际会计试卷6InternationalAccountingexampaperB
一、Definitions3pointsforeachdefinitionthereare4totally.3*4=12points.Forwardrate期货汇率Directrate直接汇率Premium保险费Conversion兑换二以及MultiplechoicequestionsThereisonlyonecorrectanswerineachquestionwhichwillgets2points.2*10=20pointsThecurrencyinwhichtheparentcompanypreparesitsfinancialstatementsisthe货币的母公司8的财务报表functionalcurrency.reportingcurrency.historicalcurrency.basecurrencyThetranslationmethodologythattranslatesonlyowner1sequityathistoricalexchangeratesisthe翻译的翻译方法只有业主权益的实际汇率current-noncurrentmethod.monetary-nonmonetarymethod.temporalmethod.currentratemethod.Thetemporalmethodoftranslatingfinancialstatementsisusedwhen时间的方法时使用翻译财务报表_a.thelocalcurrencyisthefunctionalcurrency.b.thelocalcurrencyisthereportingcurrency.—c.theparentfsreportingcurrencyisthefunctionalcurrency.__d.thesubsidiary1sreportingcurrencyisthefunctionalcurrency.Generalpurchasingpoweraccounting——般购买力会计—a.isrequiredforU.S.companiesiftheinflationrateexceeds10percentthreeyearsinarow.b.isdesignedtoreportaccountsinunitsofthesamepurchasingpower.__c.assumesthatthegenerallevelofinflationisirrelevant.—d.isnotpermittedinBritishaccounting.TheInternationalAccountingStandardsCommittee国际会计标准委员会―a.takesaparticularstandonthetypeofinflationaccountingthatitwantsfirmstouse.__b.reliesmoreonaccountingforinflationthanitdoesdisclosure._c.requiresthatfirmsrestatetheirfinancialstatementsforgeneralpurchasingpowerwhentheyareoperatinginhyperinflationaryeconomies.―d.doesnotwantfirmstoaccountforinflationexceptinhyperinflationarycountries.Whichofthefollowingisnotakeydimensiontoauditing下列哪一项不是关键维审计的吗?_a.acompetentindependentperson.b.quantifiableandverifiableinformation.__c.establishedcriteriaauditingstandards.—d.theexistenceofaglobalauditingstandardsboardthatwillharmonizeauditingpractices.TheIFACis_a.anorganizationofnationalprofessionalaccountancyorganizations―b.partoftheOECD―c.undercontrolofFASB—d.partoftheUNAmulti-domesticstrategy一个multi-domestic策略_a.allowseachsubsidiaryabroadtooperaterelativelyindependentlyofothersubsidiaries.―b.occurswhenanMNEpitsitselfagainstcompetitorsonaglobalbasis.__c.resultsinhighlycentralizeddecision-making.d.doesnotallowproductstovaryfromonemarkettoanother.Aperformanceevaluationtoolthatmeasuresafter-taxoperatingprofitminusthetotalannualcostofcapitalis绩效评估工具,措施税后营业利润减去累计资本成本__a.returnoninvestment._b.returnonassets.—c.economicvalueadded.d.residualincome.TheconceptwhichassetsthatHongKongshouldonlytaxincomethatisearnedinHongisknowasthe资产的观念,香港应该只税收收入的香港的学位是知道的—a.worldwideapproach.―b.territorialapproach.__c.multidomesticapproach.―d.transnationalapproach.三以及Multiplechoicequestionstherearemorethanonecorrectanswersforeachquestion.Eachofthecorrectquestionswillget4points.4*5=20pointsTheeffectofinflationonnon-monetaryassetsisreflectedinthe在通货膨胀的影响,反映出非货币性资产口、incomestatement损益表.balancesheet资产负债表a.onlyIonlyIIEitherIorIIneitherIorIIIAS15oninflationrequiresthelAS15对通货膨胀要求generalpurchasingpowerapproach——般购买力的方法.currentcostapproach现行成本法onlyIonlyIIbothIandIIneitherIorIIWhichofthefollowingareproblemsthatpublicaccountingfirmsfacewhenthedobusinessoverseas.如下内容中的哪些是问题时脸上的会计师事务所的拓展海外业务restrictionsontheuseofthefirmsname.restrictionsonthescopeofpractice.taxdiscrimination.understandingthedifferentauditstatementformats.Allofthefollowingaffectsecrecyandtransparency以下所有影响保密和透明度measurementofassetsandprofitsindividualismandcollectivismpowerdistanceuncertaintyavoidanceAllofthefollowinginternationalorganizationsarenowissuingmoredetailedaccountingrequirements以下所有国际组织现在发行更多的详细的会计的要求PGAUNOECDD.IASC四以及AccountingpracticesInthisparttherearetotally48pointseachofthemwillget6points.6*8=48points
1.Accountingpracticesforpricechanges
1.1AssumethatCostaPlcbuysamachinein1993for$200000whenthegeneralpriceindexis
150.Attheendof1996theindexhasrisento210andthecurrentcostofthemachineis$
300000.Whatwouldbetheunrealizedholdinggaininconstantpurchasingpowerterms假设科斯塔购买机器可编程序控制器Plc在1993年20万美元通用价格指数是150人在1996年底,该指数已经上升到210和现代成本设备的30万美元什么是未实现控股获得在不断的购买力的付款方式吗?_a.$100000_b.$220000__c.$120000__d.$80000__e.$20000__f.$
2800001.2AssumethatCostaPlcbuysamachinein1993for$200000whenthegeneralpriceindexis
150.Attheendof1996theindexhasrisento210andthecurrentcostofthemachineis$
300000.Whatistheunrealizedholdinggainincurrentcostterms假设科斯塔购买机器可编程序控制器Plc在1993年20万美元通用价格指数是150人在1996年底,该指数已经上升到210和现代成本设备的30万美元什么是未实现控股得到现行费用的付款方式吗?__a.$100000__b.$220000__c.$120000__d.$80000_e.$20000f.$280000B.TypeofBusinessEntitiesandTypeofLegalSystemC.LevelofEnforcementofRegulationsandLevelofInflationPoliticalandEconomicTiesandStatusoftheAccountingProfessionExistenceofaConceptualFrameworkandQualityofAccountingEducationVoluntarydisclosuresbyMNEsareinfluencedby通过主动批示受跨国企业size.internationallistingstatus.countryoforigin.industry.ELanguageAdditionalIssuesinInternationalFinancialStatementAnalysisincludethefollowing:另外的问题在国际财务报表分析如左AvailabilityofDataReliabilityofDataTimelinessofDataLanguageTerminologyandFormatNoneofthemInvestorsareconcernedabout投资者关心的是up-to-datemeasurementsofearningslackofcomparabilityofMNEstheinformationalcontentofMNEreportsGoodwillENoneofthem四以及Essayquestions简答题Eachofthefollowingquestionsfor8pointstotal16pointSoCostconsiderationsandtheneedtotapcapitalprovidersinseveralcountriessometimesresultincpmaniespreparinguniversalratherthancountry-specificsecondarystatements.IfyouwereanalyzingauniversalsecondarystatementofaforeigncompanywhatmightbesomeofyourconcernsbeforemakinganinvestmentdecisionHowwouldyougettheanswersyouneed成本的考虑和需要去利用资本提供者inseveral国家在某个时候导致cpmanies准窑普遍而不是由家二级报表如果你是一个普遍的次耍的陈述分析外资公司,可能是一些你的担忧之后方可投资决定吗你如何得到答案你需要什么?WhatistheRoleofFinancialReportinginEmergingCapitalMarkets的角色是什么新兴资本市场财务报告吗?五以及InternationalAccountingPractices国际会计实务Totalfor12pointsLatechocSwitzerlandcompanybeganitsfirstyearofbusinessonJan
12008.Belowisthecompanysstatementofincomefortheyear.Latechoc瑞士公司开始了它的第一次多年的经营在今年1月1日起…以下是该公司的声明的生活一年LatechocStatementofincomeinmillionsofSwissfrancsYearendDecember312008NetSales7820Costofgoodssold4000Sellinggeneralandadministrative850Rent400Advertising150Equipmentdepreciation1250Interestexpense90Utilities
301.3AssumethatCostaPlcbuysamachinein1993for$200000whenthegeneralpriceindexis
150.Attheendof1996theindexhasrisento210andthecurrentcostofthemachineis$
300000.Whatisthecurrentcostgainorlossnetofinflation假设科斯塔购买机器可编程序控制器Plc在1993年20万美元通用价格指数是150人在1996年底,该指数已经上升到210和现代成本设备的30万美元现在是什么成本的净盈利或损失通货膨胀吗?_a.$100000b.$220000_c.$120000__d.$80000e.$
200002.Accountingforsalesandpurchasesdenominatedinaforeigncurrency.Usethefollowinginformationforproblems
2.1-
2.6AssumethatRadCoInternationalpurchasesskiequipmentonaccountfromaGermanexporteronOctober1andthatthesaleisdenominatedin500000Germanmarks.RadCoclosesitsbooksattheendofeachmonthandthepayableisdueonNovember
15.Thefollowingaretherelevantexchangerates.占销售和采购以外国货币使用下列信息
2.1-
2.6问题假设RadCo因国际采购的滑雪用具从德国出口商今年10月1日,这一出售标价50万德国马克RadCo关闭了它的书每到月底,和应付是将于11月15日以下是相关的汇率SpotrateonOctoberForwardrateforNov15deliveryQuestionsin
2.1~
2.4assumethatnoforwardcontractisenteredinto.
2.1WhatisthedollarvalueofpurchasesonOctober1什么是购买的美元价值10月1__a.$297050b.$296950_c.$297250__d.$
2974002.2HowmuchcashwillRadCoInternationalhavetopay多少现金国际RadCo付帐_a.$297050b.$296950__c.$297250_d.$
2974002.3Whatistheamountoftheforeignexchangegainorlossthatitwi11recognizeonOctober31总额是多少外汇利润或损失,在10月31日它将会认识吗?_a.$300loss―b.$450loss—c.$450gain―d.$150loss―e.gainorlossisdeferred
2.4WhatistheamountoftheforeignexchangegainorlossthatitwillrecognizeonNovember15总额是多少外汇利润或损失,在11月15日它将会认识吗?—a.$350gain—b.$200loss_c.$100loss―d.$350loss_e.gainorlossisdeferred
2.5AssumethatRadCoentersintoaforwardcontract.WhatisthedollarvalueofthepurchasesonNovember15假设RadCo进入远期合同什么是美元的价值购买11月15日吗?—a.$297050_b.$296950_c.$297250d.$
2974002.6AssumethatRadCoentersintoaforwardcontract.Whatistheamountofcashthatitwillpayforthemerchandise假设RadCo进入远期合同什么是数量的资金,它会支付产品吗?_a.$297050b.$296950__c.$297250_d.$297400国际会计试卷6解答SolutionsforInternationalAccountingexampaperB——、Definitions3pointsforeachdefinitionthereare4totally.3*4=12pointsForwardrate:Theforwardexchangerateisacontractratebetweenthecorporationandtheforeignexchangetraderatthebank.Directrate:Theamountofthelocalcurrencyequivalenttooneunitoftheforeigncurrency.Premium:IftheforwardrateisgreaterthanthespotrateonadirectquotebasistheforeigncurrencywouldbesellingatapremiumConversion:Theprocessbywhichonecurrencyischangedintoanotherisknownasconversion.二以及MultiplechoicequestionsThereisonlyonecorrectanswerineachquestionwhichwillget2points.2*10=20points.**b・reportingcurrency・**d.currentratemethod..**c.theparentsreportingcurrencyisthefunctionalcurrency..**b.isdesignedtoreportaccountsinunitsofthesamepurchasingpower..**c.requiresthatfirmsrestatetheirfinancialstatementsforgeneralpurchasingpowerwhentheyareoperatinginhyperinflationaryeconomies.・**d.theexistenceofaglobalauditingstandardsboardthatwillharmonizeauditingpractices..**a.anorganizationofnationalprofessionalaccountancyorganizations.**a.allowseachsubsidiaryabroadtooperaterelativelyindependentlyofothersubsidiaries.9・**c.economicvalueadded
10.**b・territorialapproach.三以及Multiplechoicequestionstherearemorethanonecorrectanswersforeachquestion.Eachofthecorrectonewillget4points.4*5=20points・—a.onlyI—b.onlyII・—a.onlyI—b.onlyIIa.restrictionsontheuseofthefirmsname.—b.restrictionsonthescopeofpractice.—c.taxdiscrimination._b.individualismandcollectivism—c.powerdistanced.uncertaintyavoidance_b.UN—c.OECDD.IASC四以及AccountingpracticesInthisparttherearetotally48points6*8=48pointsAccountingpracticesforpricechanges^d.$80000^a.$100000岁e・$20000Accountingforsalesandpurchasesdenominatedinaforeigncurrency.
2.1望b.$
2969502.2^a.$2970502・3**b.$450loss
2.4**a.$350gain
2.5mb.$
2969502.6岁c.$297250国际会计试卷9
一、Definition名词解释Eachofthefollowingfor3pointstotal12pointsTransferPricing转让定价调拨定价Forwardcontract期货契约,远期合同Foreigncurrencytranslationexposure夕卜汇番羽译暴露Adirectquote直接引用
二、Singlechoicequestion单项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor2pointstotal10pointsWhichofthefollowingvariablesplayaroleinshapingaccountingdevelopment下列哪项变量形成过程中起重要作用的会计发展吗?natureofcapitalmarketstypeofreportingregimetypeofbusinessentitiesAlloftheabove.Bothaandc.AccordingtotheInternationalAccountingStandardsCommittee根据国际会计标准委员会,thecostmethodmustbeusedinsteadoftheequitymethod.consolidatedfinancialstatementsarerequired.companiesmaychoosebetweenissuingparentcompanyorconsolidatedfinancialstatements.thepoolingofinterestsmethodmaynotbeused.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaffectacountrysfinancialaccountingorientalion下列哪项不影响一个国家的财务会计取向?Thelevelofinflation.Politicalandeconomictieswithothercountries.Statusoftheaccountingprofession.Qualityofaccountingeducation.Alloftheaboveaffectacountry,sfinancialaccountingorientation.Thecurrencyinwhichtheparentcompanypreparesitsfinancialstatementsisthe货币的母公司8的财务报表basecurrency.functionalcurrency.historicalcurrency.reportingcurrency.Researchanddevelopmentcostsare:研究和开发成本是capitalizedintheUnitedStates.continuetodecreaseinimportanceascorporateresearchdeclinesglobally.areuniformlyrequiredtobeexpensedglobally.splitintopartsundertherevisedIASNo.
9.notataxdeductibleexpense.Multiplechoicequestions多项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor3pointstotal15points
1.Whenanyoneanalyzesacompanybalancesheetandincomestatementthereareobviousdifferencesinallofthefollowing有人分析公司的资产负债表和损益表均存在显著差异在所有的证明吗currencyterminologyinflationeffectsthereasontoanalyzeofcreditworthinessMajorinternationalforcesforchangeare:主要的国际变革力量是changesincorporatestrategyandorganization.newtechnologyandtheInternet.theinternationalizationofstockexchangesandfinancialmarkets.theInternationalAccountingStandardsCommitteeandtheInternationalOrganizationofSecuritiesCommissions.globaleconomicintegrationprivatizationandderegulation.VoluntarydisclosuresbyMNEsareinfluencedby通过主动批示受跨国企业size.internationallistingstatus.countryoforigin.industry.Oneofthefollowingistrueconcerningthepressuresforinformationdisclosureexcept一项是正确的信息披露有关的压力,除了吗?Companiesarenotoverlyconcernedaboutthedemandfordisclosureduetoincreasingsophisticationofinformationsystems.Theinternationalizationofcapitalmarketsisleadingtothedemandformorecomparableinformation.Corporateannualreportscontainsufficientinformationforallusergroups.Thesimplificationofinformationisleadingtogreaterunderstandabi1ityoffinancialstatements.Investorsareconcernedabout投资者关心的是up-to-datemeasurementsofearningslackofcomparabilityofMNEstheinformationalcontentofMNEreportsNoneofthem四以及Essayquestions简答题Eachofthefollowingquestionsfor8pointstotal16pointSoChooseonlytwoofthem.Whataresomeofthemajorchallengesfacingaccountingglobally什么是所面临的一些主要的挑战全球会计吗?Whataremainpressuresforharmonization主要的压力是什么协调吗?WhatistheRoleofFinancialReportinginEmergingCapitalMarkets的角色是什么新兴资本市场财务报告吗?Identifysomeofthemainaccountingissuesasneedingthemostattentioninconductingsensiblecross-countrycomparisons.识别一些主要的会计问题最为关注的需要进行合理的越野的比较五以及InternationalAccountingPractices国际会计实务:Totalfor12pointsThefollowinginformationistheconsolidatedbalancesheetfromPhilipsElectronicsNetherlands2007annualreport.AssumethatallassetswereacquiredonJanuary
12007.以下资料由综合资产负债表荷兰飞利浦电子的2007年度报告假设所有的资产已获得2007年1月1日GeneralPrice-levelindex:UsingtheinformationgivenaboveadjustPhilips2007balancesheetforinflationusingtheGPPaccountingmodel.WhatisPhilipsGPPAccountingbasisretainedearningsbalanceinmillionsofEuros六以及Caseanalysis案例分析题:Thissectionfor35pointsABCcorporateofUSAisamanufacturerofskatesshoreforenthusiastsofallages.DurignthelastfiveyearsthecostofrawmaterialsandlaborhavecontinuedtoriseinthefirmsU.Smanufacturingfacility.AsaresulttheCEOofABCcorporateisconsideringestablishinganewmanufacturingsubsidiaryoverseastotakeadvantageoflowerproductioncostselsewhere.InvestmentadvisorstotheCEOhavesuggestedMalaysiaandThailandastwopossiblelocations.Belowisthesubsidiarysexpectedafter-taxcashflowswillbeinringgitsorbaththecompanyanticipatessomeU.Sdollar-denominatedexpenses.ABC公司的美国生产的溜冰鞋古速区和爱好者的青睐过去的五年里Durign原材料的价格持续增加与劳动在公司的你S制造点因此ABC公司的首席执行官正考虑建立一个新的生产子公司海外利用降低生产成本的地方投资顾问向总裁马来西亚和泰国的建议可能有两种不同的地点以下是该子公司的税后现金流量预期将在ringgits或浴公司期望有些看.S美元的费用Additionalinformation:Exchangeratesfor2003are
3.8MalaysianringgitMR=US$1and
39.5ThaibathTB=US$
1.ItisexpectedthattheMalaysianringgitwilldepreciate3percentayearagainstthedollarandtheThaibathwillappreciate4percentayearagainstthedollar.ABCcorporatesaveragecostofcapitalforbothprojectsis12%.The12%ofPresentvaluefactor:Requirements:
1.Determinethenetpresentvalueofbothprojects确定净现值两者的项目IfyouwereABCcorporatesinvestmentadvisorwhichlacationwouldchoosefornewsubsidiaryWhy如果你是ABC公司的投资顾问,为新子公司地理位置会选择吗为什么?国际会计试卷9答案一以及Definition名词解释Eachofthefollowingfor3pointstotal12pointsTransferPricingrelatedtopricingofgoodsandserivcesthatchangehandsbetweenentitiesengagedinintrafirmtrade.Forwardcontractisacommitmenttoexchangecurrenciesinthefutureataratethatissettoday.Whiletheamountofthetransactionthematuritydateandtheexchangeratearealldeterminedinadvancenomoneychangeshandsuntilthesettlementdate.Foreigncurrencytranslationexposureisdefinedasthepotentialforanincreaseordecreaseintheparentsnetworthandreportednetincomecausedbyafluctuationintheexchangeratessincethepreviousperiodsconsolidatedfinancialstatements.Adirectquoterepresentsthepriceofoneunitoftheforeigncurrencypricedinthedomesticcurrency.二以及Singlechoicequestion单项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor2pointstotal10points.D
2.B
3.E
4.D
5.D三以及Multiplechoicequestions多项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor3pointstotal15pointsl.ABC
2.ABODE
3.ABCD
4.ACD
5.ABC四以及Essayquestions简答题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor8pointstotal16pointschooseonlytwoofthem.Whataresomeofthemajorchallengesfacingaccountingglobally.GlobalHarmonization.QualityofFinancialReportinginDevelopedandEmergingEconomies
3.SocialandEnvironmentalReporting⑷.FinancialReportingintheHighTechnologyEraWhataremainpressuresforharmonizationInvestor.Theyfavorharmonizationbecausetheyperceivethatitwillhelplowerthecostofinvestingabroadandenhancetheirabilitytomakeeffectiveinvestmentdecisionsacrossborders.Multinationalcompanies.Sincecapital以及products以及andlabormarketsbecomeincreasinglyglobalizationMostlargecompanieshavetodiversifygeographicallybothintermsoftheirinputandoutputinordertocompeteeffectivelywiththemajorplayersintheirindustry.3Regulators.Withaccelerationintheglobalizationofcapitalmarketsandtheincreaseincross-bordersecuritieslistingsbycompaniesregulatorsinmanycountriesfacehighercostssincetheyhavetomonitorcompliancebothofbydomesticcompaniesandbyforeigncompaniesthatarelistedintheirjurisdiction.4Thesecuritiesindustryandstockexchanges.Manysecuritiesindustryandstockexchangeslookforforeigncompaniesforgrowthinlistingsandthevolumeofsecuritiestransactionswithintheirmarkets.Sotherearestrongsupportersamongmanysecuritiesindustryandstockexchangesforreducingdifferencesinfinancialreportingrequirementsglobally.5Developingcountries.Anumberofcountriesareattemptingtoswitchtomarket-orientedeconomicpoliciesinordertoattractforeigncapital;theyarecalledupontoimplementaccountingstandardsthatinspireconfidenceinforeigninvestors.AdoptingaharmonizedsetofIASsavesdevelopingcountriesfromhavingtoprovideexpensivereconciliationstotheaccountingprinciplesofforeignprovidersofcapital.
3.WhatistheRoleofFinancialReportinginEmergingCapitalMarkets
1.BeforeECMcanfunctioneffectivelyitisessentialtohaveinplaceasetofcorporatereportingpoliciesandproceduresgearedtowardssupplyingtheinformationnecessaryformakinginvestmentdecisions.Accountinginformationisanessentialforbuildingefficientfinancialmarkets..Developinganeffectiveaccountingandauditingprofessionisessentialforbuildingefficientfinancialmarkets.TheaccountingandlegalinfrastructureunderlyinganECMwasamajorfactorforevaluatingtheinvestmentpotentialofthemarket..Financialreportingiscentraltoregulationspertinenttoestablishinganactivemarketforcorporatesecurities.Identifysomeofthemainaccountingissuesasneedingthemostattentioninconductingsensiblecross-countrycomparisons.DepreciationandRevaluationofLong-LivedAssetsGoodwillForeignExchange4PensionandOtherPost-employmentBenefits5ConsolidationandGroupReporting6Taxation五以及InternationalAccountingPractices国际会计实务Totalfor12PhilipsElectronicsConsolidatedBalanceSheetinmillionsofDutchguildersYear-endDec.312007AsABCCorporationsinvestmentadvisoryoushouldchoosetheThailandlocationsinceithasapositivenetpresentvalue.国际会计试卷10一以及Definition名词解释Eachofthefollowingfor3pointstotal12pointsInternationalAccounting国际会计Harmonization协调和谐Foreignexchangetransaction外汇交易外汇业务Acurrencyoption选择货币二以及Singlechoicequestion单项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor2pointstotal10pointsWhichofthefollowingisnottypicallyincludedinanaccountingconceptualframework以下哪一个不是通常包含在一个会件概念框架?astatementofobjectivesoffinancialaccountingtargetedusersoffinancialstatementslimitationsoffinancialstatementslicensingcriteriaforpublicaccountantscharacteristicsofgoodfinancialaccountingIdentifythebenefitsofclassifyingcountriesaccordingtotheiraccountingsystems.识别利益s的国家分类根据他们的会计系统Countriescanlearnfromtheaccountingexperiencesofothercountriesintheirgroup.Countriescanuseothercountriesintheirgroupasmodelsforsettingstandards.Globalstandard-setterscananticipatethereactiontotheirproposedstandards.MNCscanplanonthetypeofdisclosuretheyneedtoprovideinvariouscountries.Alloftheabove.Thekeydevelopmentalorganizationforinternationalaccountingstandardsisthe重点发展的组织是国际会计准则InternationalAccountingStandardsBoard.InternationalFederationofAccountants.InternationalOrganizationofSecuritiesCommissions.InternationalOrganizationofAccountingStandardSetters.GlobalAgencyforAccountingStandards.Whichofthefollowingorganizationsisdirectlyinvolvedwithharmonizingaccountingandauditingstandards下列哪个组织6协调直接相关会计以及审计标准吗?InternationalAccountingStandardsBoard.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission.AmericanAccountingAssociation.InternationalFederationofAccountants.Bothaandd.Underthecurrentratemethod在目前的增长速度的方法allassetsandliabilitiesaretranslatedatthecurrentyearsaverageexchangerate.foreigncurrencytranslationgainsandlossesdonotaffecttheincomestatement.allrevenuesandexpensesaretranslatedusingthecurrentexchangerate.theincomestatementcontainsacumulativetranslationadjustmentamount.三以及Multiplechoicequestions多项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor3pointstotal15pointsThemajorimmediatechallengesthatfaceaccountingintheglobalarenainclude:主要的直接面对各种挑战在国际舞台会计包括GlobalharmonizationFinancialreportinginemergingeconomiesSocialandenvironmentalreportingFinancialreportinginthehightechnologyeraCurrentproponentsofharmonizingaccountingstandardsgloballyare目前全球协调的支持者会计准则Investors.Multinationalcompanies.Thesecuritiesindustryandstockexchanges.Developingcountries.Basedoncurrentcorporatedisclosurepracticesgloballytheextentofenvironmentaldisclosureprovidedbycompaniesappearstobeafunctionofexcept:基于目前的公司信息披露行为的程度在全球范围内,公司提供的环境会计信息披露似乎是一种的作用,除了thestrengthofenvironmentallawsinrespectivecountries.thelevelofenforcementbytheenvironmentalagenciesincountries.thesocietalpressuresbroughttobearuponcorporations.thepersonalvaluesofcorporatemanagers.thelevelofpollutioninacountry.Whichofthefollowingaretheexpensiveapproachtotransnationalfinancialreportingbyacompany如下内容市的哪些是昂贵的方法为跨国公司财务报告吗?Preparingcountry-specificsecondarystatements.Preparingconveniencestatements.Preparingconveniencetranslations.Preparinguniversalsecondarystatements.Preparinglimitedrestatements.WhichofthefollowingarelikelybenefitstodevelopingcountriesofhavingemergingcapitalmarketsECMs如下内容中的哪些是百能在发展中国家的利益新兴资本市场雌蕊胞外基质?ECMsexpandtheinvestmentoptionsavailableinthecountrytherebyattractingforeigninvestors.ECMsallowcapitaltoberaisedinamorecost-effectivemanner.ECMspositivelyinfluencetheeconomiccultureindevelopingcountriesbyencouragingdomesticcompaniestobecomemoreresponsiveandaccountabletoagreaternumberofstakeholdersinsociety.ECMshelpinimprovingallocativeefficiencybychannelingfundstothemostefficientandproductiveusersofcapital.四以及Essayquestions简答题Eachofthefollowingquestionsfor8pointstotal16pointSoChooseonlytwoofthem.WhataresomeofthemajorInteractionbetweenAccountinganditsEnvironmentfacingaccountingglobally什么是一些主要的会计及其互动环境吗面对全球会计吗?Differentiatebetweenforeigncurrencytransactionexposureandtranslationexposure区分外汇交易曝光和翻译暴露WhataresomeofthemainissuesforFinancialReportingPolicyIssuesinEmergingCapitalMarkets有什么样的主要问题在财务报告上新兴资本市场政策议题?BriefexplaintheNatureandImportanceofEmergingCapitalMarketsandtheCharacteristicsofFinancialReportinginEmergingCapitalMarkets简要介绍一下大自然新兴资本市场的重要性和特征和财务报告在新兴资本市场五以及InternationalAccountingPractices国际会计实务:Totalfor12points
1.ABCcompanyplacedanorderforinventorycosting500000FCwithaforeignvendoronApril15whenthespotratewas1FC=$O.
683.ABCreceivedthegoodsonMay1whenthespotratewas1FC=$O.
687.AlsoonMaylABCenterintoa90-daysforwardcontracttopurchase500000FCataforwardrateof1FC=$
0.
693.PaymentwasmadetotheforeignvendoronAugust1whenthespotratewas1FC=$O.
696.ABChasaJune30year-end.Onthatdatethespotratewas1FC=$O.691andtheforwardrateonthecontractwas1FC=$0・
695.Changesinthecurrentvalueoftheforwardcontractaremeasuredasthepresentvalueofthechangeintheforwardratesovertime.Therelevantdiscountrateis6%.Required:ABC公司订购了库存成本500000FC与外国厂商在4月15日在现场率1FC
0.683美元二ABC收到货物在5月1日在现场率1FC
0.687美元二也在美国广播公司ABCMayl订立90-days远期合同购买50万俱乐部在远期利率的一个俱乐部
0.693美元二付了款为外国供应商在8月1日在现场率1FC
0.696美元二美国广播公司是6月30日年底之前结束那天现场率1FC
0.691美元二远期利率在合同
0.6951FC=美元在变化的当前值是远期合约量的现值计算在远期利率的变化有关的折现率为6%要求Prepareallrelevantjournalentriessuggestedbytheabovefacts.准备所有相关的日记账提出上述事实PrepareapartialincomestatementandbalancesheetasofthecompanysJune30year-endthatreflectstheabovefacts.准备部分损益表和资产负债表作为公司的6月30日年终,它集中反映了以上的事实六以及Caseanalysis案例分析题Thissectionfor35points
1.ABCInternationalisaU.S.firmwithawhollyownedsubsidiaryinFrance.ThebasicassumptionsinvolvedintheFrenchsubsidiaryanditsinteractionwiththeparentcompanyareasfollows:RelevantexchangeratesUS$/FFABC国际是一家美国公司的全资子公司,在法国基本假设参与了法国子公司和它的母公司的相互作用,如下有关汇率(美金$/FF1BalancesheetInFrenchfrancs;inthousands2IncomestatementFederalincometaxes65Netoperatingincome985Assumethatequipmentwasacquiredatthebeginningoftheyearandthenetmonetarygainfortheyearwas480inmillionsofSwissfrancs.WhatisthecompanysadjustedGPLAnetincomefortheyearendingDecember312008假设设备是这样获得的:在今年年初,净货币的升幅一年480数以百万计的瑞士法郎贵公司调整GPLA净收入止年度2008年12月31日?WhatisthecompaysGPLA-basednetincomefortheyearendingDecember312008什么是企业GPLA-based净收入止年度2008年12月31日?六以及Caseanalysis案例分析题:Thissectionfor35pointsTechcorporateofUSAisamanufacturerofskatesshoreforenthusiastsofallages.DurignthelastfiveyearsthecostofrawmaterialsandlaborhavecontinuedtoriseinthefirmsU.Smanufacturingfacility.AsaresulttheCEOofTechcorporateisconsideringestablishinganewmanufacturingsubsidiaryoverseastotakeadvantageoflowerproductioncostselsewhere.InvestmentadvisorstotheCEOhavesuggestedMalaysiaandThailandastwopossiblelocations.Belowisthesubsidiarysexpectedafter-taxcashflowswillbeinringgitsorbaththecompanyanticipatessomeU.Sdollar-denominatedexpenses.美国的科技公司是一家专业生产的冰鞋古堡区和爱好者的青睐过去的五年里Durign原材料的价格持续增加与劳动在公司的你S制造点因此,该公司的首席执行官的高科技公司正在考虑建立新的生产子公司海外利用降低生产成本的地方投资顾问向总裁马来西亚和泰国的建议可能有两种不同的地点以下是该子公司的税后现金流量预期将在ringgits或浴公司期望有些看.S美元的费用Additionalinformation:Exchangeratesfor2003are
3.8MalaysianringgitMR=US$1and
39.5ThaibathTB=US$
1.ItisexpectedthattheMalaysianringgitwilldepreciate3percentayearagainstthedollarandtheThaibathwillappreciate4percentayearagainstthedollar.Techcorporatesaveragecostofcapitalforbothprojectsis12%.The12%ofPresentvaluefactor:Requirements:Determinethenetpresentvalueofbothprojects确定净现值两者的项目IfyouwereTechcorporatesinvestmentadvisorwhichlacationwouldchoosefornewsubsidiaryWhy如果你是科技企业投资顾问,为新子公司地理位置会选择吗国除驾f^3答案及评分标准一以及Definition名词解释:Eachofthefollowingfor3pointstotal12pointsForeignexchangeexposure:Foreignexchangeexposureisameasureofthepotentialforafirmsprofitabilitycashflowandmartketvaluetochangeduetoachangeinexchangerates.Forwardcontractisacommitmenttoexchangecurrenciesinthefutureataratethatissettoday.Whiletheamountofthetransactionthematuritydateandtheexchangeratearealldeterminedinadvancenomoneychangeshandsuntilthesettlementdate.Anindirectforeigncurrencyquote:AnindirectforeigncurrencyquoterepresentshowmuchoftheforeigncurrencycanbepurchasedforoneunitofthedomesticOtherinformationincludesasthefollowing:其他信息包括如下几类:A.thefunctionalcurrencyofthesubsidiaryistheFrenchfrancandthefinancialstatementshaverecastinU.A.GAAPtoassistinthetranslationprocess.CapitalstockwasissuedandfixedassetsacquiredwhentheexchangeratewasFF
6.3perdollar;dividendsarepaidatarateof
0.
145.InventorieswereallacquiredinthepreviousquarterPurchasesalesandotherexpensesoccurredevenlythroughouttheyear.Thereisazerobeginningbalanceintheaccumulatedtranslationadjustmentaccount.Requirement:BasedontheconditionsthatgaveabovepleasedeterminethetranslationmethodfortheABCcorporate基于以上的+青况,请确定了翻译方法ABC公司AfterchoosingappropriatetranslationmethodPleasetranslatethefinancialstatementsintoU.S.dollars.选择恰当的翻译方法后,请翻译成美圆的财务报表国际会计试卷10答案一以及Definition名词解释Eachofthefollowingfor3pointstotal12pointsInternationalAccountingThedefinitionincludes1internationaltransactions2comparativeGAAP3harmonizationand4controlofglobaloperations.InternationalaccountingencompassesallmajorareasofaccountingHarmonizationmeansthatthedifferencesamongnationalaccountingstandardsshouldbekepttotheminimum.Harmonizationaccommodatestheexistenceofalternativeaccountingrulesorpracticesindifferentcountriesaslongastheyareinharmonywitheachotherandcanbereconciled.TheconceptofharmonizationhasgainedwidespreadpopularityForeignexchangetransactionisonwheretwopartiesagreetoexchangeonecurrencyforanotherataspecifiedrateofexchange.Differenttypesofexchangetransactionsincludespottransactionforwardtransactioncurrencyswapsandcurrencyoptions.Acurrencyoptionisacontractthatprovidestherightbutnottheobligationtotradeaforeigncurrencyatasetexchangerateonorbeforeagivendateinthefuture..二以及Singlechoicequestion单项逃择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor2pointstotal10pointsLD2E
3.A
4.E
5.B三以及Multiplechoicequestions多项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor3pointstotal15pointsLABCD
2.ABCD
3.ABDE
4.ABDE
5.ABCD四以及Essayquestions简答题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor8pointstotal16pointschooseonlytwoofthemWhataresomeofthemajorInteractionbetweenAccountinganditsEnvironmentfacingaccountinggloballyNatureofCapitalMarketsTypeofReportingRegimeTypeofBusinessEntitiesTypeofLegalSystemLevelofEnforcementofRegulationsLevelofInflationPoliticalandEconomicTiesStatusoftheAccountingProfessionExistenceofaConceptualFrameworkQualityofAccountingEducationDifferentiatebetweenforeigncurrencytransactionexposureandtranslationexposureTranslationexposureisdefinedasthepotentialforanincreaseordecreaseintheparentsnetworthandreportednetincomecausesbyafluctuationintheexchangeratessincethepreviousperiodsconsolidatedfinancialstatements.Themainpurposeoftranslationistoprepareconsolidatedfinancialstatements.Italsofacilitatesperformanceevaluationacrosstheaffiliatesgloballybyconvertingthenumbersintoacommoncurrencyoftheparentscountry.Transactionexposurerelatedtothesensitivityofthefirmscontractualcashflowsdenominatedinforeigncurrencytoexchangeratechangesasmeasuredinthefirmsdomesticcurrency.Transactionexposuremeasuresthegainsorlossesthatarisefromthesettlementofexistingfinancialclaimsandobligationsthataresetinforeigncurrency.FinancialReportingPolicyIssuesinEmergingCapitalMarketsInformationAvailabilityStrengtheningEnforcementCapabilityHarmonizationofAccountingStandardsCaveatsBasedonRecentDevelopmentsBriefexplaintheNatureandImportanceofEmergingCapitalMarketsandtheCharacteristicsofFinancialReportinginEmergingCapitalMarketsThetermEmergingCapitalMarketsECMisusedtorefertocapitalmarketsincountrieswithlessdevelopedandtransitionaleconomics.Suchemergingmarketsassmallmarketcapitalizationlowliquidityhighvolatilityofreturnslimitednumberofpremium-gradeandinvestment-gradesecuritiesandthelackofawell-developeddomesticinstitutionalinvestorbase.Therehasbeenagrowingappreciationofthefactthatfinancialreportingisavitalinfrastructurerequirementforthegrowthofemergingmarketsthereforeincreasingattentionmustbedevotedtoimprovingthequalityoffinancialreportinginthemarkets.TheriskofinvestinginECMareassociatednotonlywithstructuralpoliticalandeconomicproblemsequallyimportantareadequateandreliableinformationusefulforevaluatinginvestmentopportunitiesinthemarkets.FinancialreportingisacrucialelementoftheinformationnecessaryforsustaininginvestorsconfidenceinbothdevelopedandECM.TherearethreequalitativecriteriaforevaluatingfinancialreportinginECM:1Availability2Reliability3Comparability五以及InternationalAccountingPractices国际会计实务totalfor12pointsApr.15NoentryMay1Inventory343500AccountsPayable343500Torecordthepurchaseofinventorywhenthespotratewas1FC=$
0.
687.ForwardContractReceivable一FC346500ForwardContractPayable—$346500Torecordthepurchaseofforwardcontractwhentheforwardrateis1FC=$
0.
693.AccountsPayable2000Toaccruetheexchangelossatyear-endwhenthespotrateis1FC=$
0691.ForwardContractReceivable—FC995GainonForwardContract995Torecordchangeinvalueofforwardcontractwhenforwardrateis1FC=$
0.
695.Changeinvalueofforwardcontractis$1000[500000FCX$0695一$
0.693].PV=1000;n=1i=6%/12Aug.1ForwardContractReceivable—FC505GainonForwardContract505Torecordchangeinvalueofforwardcontractwhen1FC=$
0.
696.Totalchangeinforwardvalueis$1500[500000FCx$
0.696-$
0.693].Totalchangeof$1500less$995previouslyrecognized=$
505.ForwardContractPayable—$346500ForeignCurrency348000Cash346500ForwardContractReceivable-FC348000Torecordsettlementofforwardcontractwhenspotrateis1FC=$
0.
696.AccountsPayable345500ExchangeLoss2500ForeignCurrency348000Tosettletheaccountpayablewhenthespotrateis1FC=$
0.
696.ABCPartialIncomeStatementFortheYearEndedJune30Exchangeloss$2000Gainonforwardcontract995Netincomeeffect1005ABCPartialBalanceSheetAsofJune30六以及Caseanalysis案例分析题Thissectionfor35pointsSincethefunctionalcurrencyistheFrenchfrancandinflationissolowthestudentsshouldusethecurrentratemethodtotranslatethefinancialstatements.HintthebeginningUSDollarretainedearningsmustbepluggedfromtheprioryear.BalanceSheetcurrency.
4.InternationalAccountingThedefinitionincludes1internationaltransactions2comparativeGAAP3harmonizationand4controlofglobaloperations.Internationalaccountingencompassesallmajorareasofaccounting二以及Singlechoicequestion单项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor2pointstotal10points
1.D
2.E
3.E
4.D
5.C三以及Multiplechoicequestions多项选择题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor3pointstotal15pointsl.ABCD
2.ABCDE
3.ABCD
4.ABCD
5.ABC四以及Essayquestions简答题Eachofthefollowingquestionfor8pointstotal16points.Costconsiderationsandtheneedtotapcapitalprovidersinseveralcountriessometimesresultincpmaniespreparinguniversalratherthancountry-specificsecondarystatements.IfyouwereanalyzingauniversalsecondarystatementofaforeigncompanywhatmightbesomeofyourconcernsbeforemakinganinvestmentdecisionHowwouldyougettheanswersyouneedSuggestedsolution:.CompaniesthatprepareuniversalsecondarystatementsoftenuseInternationalAccountingStandards.ThereisresearchevidencethatsuggeststhattherearepotentialproblemswithfinancialstatementsthatarepurportedlypreparedusingIASs.HistoricallytherehasbeenacomparabilityproblemsinceIASswereratherbroadandallowedcompaniesthechoiceofseveralaccountingtreatmentsonvariousitems.SupportersofglobalharmonizationarguethatthisproblemhasbeenaddressedviathetighteningofstandardsthroughtheIASCsComparabilityProject.HoweverthereisstillthematterofwhethercompaniesthatclaimtocomplywithIASsactuallydo.Severalrecentstudieshaveshownthatthisisnotthecase.ThisraisesquestionsastothereliabilityandcomparabilityofuniversalsecondarystatementspreparedusingIASs.WhatistheRoleofFinancialReportinginEmergingCapitalMarkets
1.BeforeECMcanfunctioneffectivelyitisessentialtohaveinplaceasetofcorporatereportingpoliciesandproceduresgearedtowardssupplyingtheinformationnecessaryformakinginvestmentdecisions.Accountinginformationisanessentialforbuildingefficientfinancialmarkets..Developinganeffectiveaccountingandauditingprofessionisessentialforbuildingefficientfinancialmarkets.TheaccountingandlegalinfrastructureunderlyinganECMwasamajorfactorforevaluatingtheinvestmentpotentialofthemarket..Financialreportingiscentraltoregulationspertinenttoestablishinganactivemarketforcorporatesecurities.五以及InternationalAccountingPractices国际会计实务Totalfor12pointsLLatechocSwitzerland:HistoricalAdjustmentP-L-ACostRatioBasisNetSales7820Costofgoodssold4000Sellinggeneralandadministrative850Rent400Advertising150SolutionforcaseanalysisTechcorporate
1.BladesMalaysianetpresentvalueRingersinmillionsof$:ProjectNPV=$2040BladesThailandnetpresentvalueThaiBathinmillionsof$:ProjectNPV=$
5502.AsTechCorporationsinvestmentadvisoryoushouldchoosetheThailandlocationsinceithasapositivenetpresentvalue.国际会计试卷4QUESTION120MarksInthe13thand14lhcenturiesdouble-entrybookkeepingspreadrapidlythroughoutthewesternworld.Whatsocialeconomicandpoliticalconditionswerenecessaryforwidespreadadoptionofdouble-entrybookkeepingtooccuratthattimeHowisthisanexampleoftheinternationalisationofaccounting公元13以及14世纪双式簿记整个西方世界迅速传播开来什麽样的社会以及经济和政治条件是必需的为了广泛的采用双式簿记发生吗?这是怎样的一个实例的国际化的会计吗?Necessaryconditions16markstotal:-RapidgrowthoftradeandcommerceThosetravellingtotheHolyLandforthecrusadesfromWesternEuropeinevitablypassedthroughthecitystatesofNorthernItaly.Genoawasatthepeakofitspowerandinfluenceasatradingcentreinthe14thcentury.In1252thegoldcoinknownastheflorinwasdevelopedinFlorenceanditbecameacceptedasthestandardgoldpieceinallofWesternEurope.AroundthistimeinFlorencelargeassociationsorcompagniepartnershipswereformedtopoolcapitalfirstfrominsidefamilygroupsthenfromoutside.CommuneofGenoaGovernmentin1327requiredthatgovernmentaccountshadtobekeptinsameformasusedbybanks.Thisisanexampleofinternationalisationofaccounting4marksbecauseitshowsthegrowthoflargerscalebusinessesdependentonforeignersforsalesandcapital.Accountingemergedasaresponsetothedemandforinformationandtherequirementtobeaccountable.InadditiontothistheaccountingpracticesofFlorenceandGenoalaterweretransportedtoEnglandwheretheyreplacedthepreviousmanorialsystemofaccounting.Thisshowshowmoreeffectiveaccountingtechniquesflowacrossnationalboundaries.QUESTION25+5+5+5=20MarksAnswerfour4ofthefollowing:A.Towhatextentisthestrong/weakequitymarketdistinctionausefulwaytoidentifydifferentpatternsofaccountingdevelopment.多大程度上属于强大的/疲软股票市场而区别一个有用的方法来确定不同类型的会计的发展-Strongequityreferstothedominantpositionofoutsideequity-holdersandthestronglegalbackingaimedatinvestorprotection.Weakequityreferstothedominantpositionofbanksandfamilyequity-holdingsascapitalprovidersandthelegalstructurewhichisdesignedtosafeguardtheinterestsofcreditors.Nobesestablishesthisclassdistinctioninadeductiveclassificationapproach.SeeFigure
3.2ofRadebaughandGray
2002.ThestrongmarketisUSGAAPandtheweakmarketistheIASGAAP.USGAAPisapowerfulfactorbecausetheUScapitalmarketisverylarge.IASGAAPisusedinEuropeanddevelopingcountries.AttheoutsettheIASreflectedadistinctEuropeanapproachwithanemphasisoncuiTentvalueaccountingbutbothUSandIASregulatorsaretryingtoharmonizeandthedistinctionskeepgettingsmallerbetweenthetwoGAAPSTheincreasingglobalizationoffinancialmarketsalsoreducesthedistinctions.DoculturalinfluencesimpactmoresignificantlyuponfinancialreportingdisclosureissuesoruponmeasurementissuesDiscusswithexamples.做更重要的文化影响的影响在财务报告信息披露问题或对测量的问题吗讨论了举例说明AdistinctionwasmadebetweenmeasurementanddisclosurepracticesbecausethesewereconsideredtohaveseparatepatternsofdevelopmentintheNairandFrank1980studyreferredtoinRadebaughandGray2002pp.39-
41.Theyshowedcleardifferencesintheresultsbetweenthetwocriteria.Howevermeasurementgroupingscouldbemadewithplausibleexplanations;butthedisclosuregroupingsofferednoplausibledescriptionsorexplanations.TheDisclosurecountrygroupingsbasedonthe1975PriceWaterhousesurveywereBritishCommonwealthModelLatinAmerican/SouthAmericanModelNorthernandCentralEuropeanModelUnitedStatesModelandanOther“categorywhichincludedonlyChile.TherewereseveralreliabilityandrelevanceproblemsrelatedtothePriceWaterhousesurveydatausedbyNairandFrank
1980.TheseproblemsincludeddataerrorsmisleadinganswersswampingofimportantquestionsbytrivialonesandexaggerationofdifferencesbetweentheUSandtheUK.Therewasalsoconfusiononthesurveybetweenwhatconstitutedrulesmandatoryandnon-mandatoryandtheactualpracticeswhichareoftendifferent.DoescultureexplaintoasignificantdegreetherelativeimportanceofstockexchangesandprofessionalaccountingassociationsaroundtheworldDiscusswithexamples.文化是在很大程度上解释的相对重要性证券交易所进行世界各地的专业会计师协会吗讨论了举例说明Hofstede1980arguesthatcultureimpactsoninstitutionsandorganizationaswellasoccupationalgroups.AccordinglythereisaplausiblelinkbetweentheAnglocultureforexampleandapreferenceforstockexchangesandprofessionalassociationincontrasttotheGermanicandLatincultures.Highindividualismlowuncertaintyavoidanceandlowpowerdistancewouldseemespeciallyrelevanthere.TheanswertoQuestion3PartCisalsorelevanthere.Wheredoesyourcountryfitintermsofthefollowingkeycharacteristicsofaccountingpractice:professionalism/statutorycontrolunifdrmity/flexibility9“conservatism/optimismandsecrecy/transparency?Explain.什么地方您的国家适应下列条款会计核算的最主要特点:专业/法定控制”以及“一致性/弹性以及保守主义/乐观”以及“保密/透明度”吗解释AccordingtoGrays1988classificationschemediscussedinRadebaughandGray2002pp.45-48Professionalismversusstatutorycontrolrelatestotheextenttowhichaccountantsusetheirprofessionaljudgementsandadoptindependenceattitudes.Uniformityversusflexibilityreferstopreferenceforcomparabilityofaccountsacrosscompaniesandacrosstimeversuspreferenceforflexibilitybasedonanindividualcompanyscircumstances.Conservatismversusoptimismreferstopreferenceforacautiousapproachtoassetandprofitvaluationversuspreferenceforanoptimisticapproach.Secrecyversustransparencyreferstopreferenceforconfidentialityindisclosureofbusinessdataversuspreferenceforinformationdisclosure.Accountingvaluesmostrelevanttotheauthorityandenforcementaspectsofaccountingsystemsseemtobetheprofessionalismanduniformityvalues.Gray*s1988proposedclassificationofcountriesbyculturalareaisverysubjectiveandusestheanalysescarriedoutbyHofstede1980—notdatarelatedtoaccountingpractices.Ifthestudentsclassificationoftheircountryiswellarguedandtheirclassificationappearslogicaltheycanbeawardedhighmarks.Figures
3.4and
3.5inRadebaughandGray2002pp.50-51canbeusedtoevaluatethis.EWhatwastheNorwalkAgreementof2002andwhatareitsimplicationsforaccountingstandard-settingworldwideandconvergenceissues什么是诺沃克协议是什么2002年的影响全球会计标准收敛问题?TheNorwalkAgreementwasanin-principlecommitmentagreeduponbytheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoardandtheFinancialAccountingStandardsBoardtooveraperiodoftimeworktowardsconvergenceoftheirtwosetsofstandardsandtoaimtowardsconvergenceonanyproposednewrules.ItcanbecontrastedwiththedecisionsofAustraliaandtheEuropeanUniontoadoptwholesalethefullsetofTASBstandardsastheirownsetofnationalstandards.QUESTION35+5+5+5=20MarksAnswerfour4ofthefollowing:TowhatextentareinformationdisclosuresbyMNEsindirectors9annualreportsasopposedtothefinancialstatementslikelytobeusefultofinancialanalystsandinvestors到什么程度在跨国公司的信息披露董事年度报告,相对于财务报表,可能有用金融分析师和投资者?Theinformationdisclosuresindirectors*annualreportshelpinvestorsandotheruserstobetterunderstandthenatureandtheeffectsoftheactivitiesofMNEsandtobetterassessperformanceandfutureprospects.Theinformationinthedirectorsreportoftenprovidesanevaluationofthequalityofearningsandfinancialpositionbothcurrentandprospectiveasopposedtothequantitativeinformationfoundinthefinancialstatements.Thedirectors*reportalsogivesmanagementanopportunitytocommunicatemorepolicyandfuture-orientedinformationaboutthecorporationtoinvestorsandanalysts.WhataresomeofthepotentialcostsandbenefitstoMNEsofmakingadditionalvoluntaryinformationdisclosures有什么样的潜在成本和利益,使更多的跨国企业自愿信息披露?ThecoststoMNEsofmakingadditionalinformationdisclosuresincludethedirectcostsofassemblingandreportingtheinformationandthecostsassociatedwithcompetitivedisadvan-tage-especiallytheneedtomaintainbusinessconfidentialityinsensitiveareas.Thebenefitsincludetheinterestsofanalystsinvestorsandthepublicinthetransparencyofmultinationaloperations.Theadditionalinformationdisclosuresmayinfluencemoreinvestorsandaffectthecorporationssharepricesormayleadtomoreadvantageousfinancingarrangementswithcreditors.InwhichcountriesarestockexchangedisclosureregulationsmorestringentInwhichcountriesaretheylessstringentWhataresomelikelyreasonsforthis在这两个国家是股票交易信息披露规则更严格的吗在这两个国家他们不那么严厉的吗有些可能原因是什么?TheUnitedStateshasthemoststringentdisclosureregulationsintheworldfollowedbyCanadaandtheU.K.AttheotherendofthespectrumisSwitzerlandwithitsregulationfor“secrecy”andanumberofemergingeconomies.Thereareanumberofreasonsforthesedifferencesbutthemostimportantwouldseemtobethesizeandstageofdevelopmentofthestockexchangecoupledwithculturalattitudestothedisclosureofinformationtooutsidersorexternalgroups.Ifthestudentreferstoothercountriesotherthanthoselistedheremakesuretheansweriswellarguedandlogical.WhyisinformationconcerningfutureprospectslikelytobeimportanttoanalystsandinvestorsWhymightMNEsnotbewillingtodisclosesuchinformation为什么有关未来前景可能是非常重要的分析师和投资者跨国公司为何会不愿意披露的信息吗?Financialanalystsandinvestorsareoftenprimarilyinterestedinthefutureprospectsofacorporation.Thereforeanyadditionalinformationrelevanttofutureprospectswouldbeofgreatinteresttofinancialanalystsandinvestorssincedirectorsareusuallyinagoodpositiontoprovideinsightintofutureprospects.Corporationsareconstrainedonprovidingsuchvoluntarydisclosuresbycompetitiveconcerns.Quantitativefuture-orientedinformationisverysensitivefromacompetitivedisadvantageperspective.Inadditiontothisitisnotaudited.Thereforethenatureandextentofinformationconcerningfutureprospectsisoftengeneralandverylimited.ERecentlytheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoardaskedthestandard-settingbodiesofSouthAfricaCanadaAustraliaandNorwaytoworktogethertodevelopanIASBaccountingstandardfortheextractiveindustries.WhatdoyouthinkofsuchamoveWhydoyouthinkthesefourcountrieswereselected最近国际会计准则委员会要求标准的尸体,南非,加拿大,澳大利亚和挪威一起工作来开发一个IASB萃取会计准则行业你觉得这样的交易吗你为什么认为这四个国家被选择?ThesefourcountrieswereselectedbecauseallarebigminingcountriesandmostoftheworldslargestminingcompaniesaredomiciledintheselocationsegPlacerDomeinCanadaandBHPBillitonandRioTintoinAustralia.Anadditionalreasonisthatallfourofthesecountrieshavealonghistoryofaccountingstandard-settingandhaveanaccumulatedbodyofaccountingexpertiseandknowledgeresidentinthecountry.Thestudentmightarguethatthisisagoodmovebecauseitallowstheknowledgeandskillsofnationalaccountingstandard-setterstobepooledandsoabetteraccountingstandardmighteventuateanditshowstheIASBswillingnesstomakeuseofexpertisewhereveritmaybesituatedaroundtheworld.ItalsoreflectstheIASBsmaintainedpositionthatcountriesandentitiesmostdirectlyaffectedbyanaccountingruleshouldbeabletohaveaninputintoitsformulation.QUESTION45+5+5+5=20MarksAnswerfour4ofthefollowing:DiscussthewaysinwhichtheEuropeanUnionmightbecomeinvolvedinthefutureintheinternationalaccountingstandardsettingprocess.讨论的方式,其中的欧盟可能卷入了未来的国际会计准则制定过程ThescopeoftheEUsaccountingDirectivesislimitedtothememberstatesthoughtheirinfluencegoesbeyondtoSwitzerlandandtocountrieswishingtojoinsuchasHungaryandMalta.ItisunlikelythattherewillbeanynewDirectivesoramendmentsfortheforeseeablefuture.TheEuropeanAccountingAdvisoryForumisthustheprimemeansbywhichchangeswillbebroughtaboutattheEUlevel.TheEUalsoseemstohaveacceptedtheauthorityoftheIASBastheappropriatebodytosetglobalstandardsinthefuture.AtthesametimetheEUappearsconcernedtoinfluencefuturedevelopmentsthroughitsrepresentationattheIASBandIOSCOandtoprotectEuropeaninterestsandaccountingtraditions.TheEUhasalsobeenattheforefrontofreleasingpolicydocumentsrelatingtoenvironmentalandsocialaccounting.OutlinethemajorperceivedadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheIOSCOendorsementofIASBstandards.认为主要大纲的优缺点IASB的支持国际标准ThemissionoftheIOSCOistheglobalcoordinationofstockexchangerulestofacilitatemulti-listingandcross-bordercapitalraisingbyMNEsandencourageinternationalsecuritiestrading.WhatIOSCOsupportdoesfortheIASBistogiveaddedauthoritytoitsstatusasthebodyresponsibleforaccountingstandard-settingonaworldwidebasis.Butmoreimportantlyitprovidesalikelymeansofenforcementofitsstandardsasnationalsecuritiesagenciese.g.ASICinAustraliahavethepowertorequiresuchstandardstobefollowedforstockexchangelistingpurposes.ShouldinternationalaccountingstandardsbesetfortheworldorberestrictedtoMNEsinterestedinraisingfinancefrominternationalinvestorsDiscuss.应该国际会计准则是世界或限跨国企业提高金融感兴趣国际投资者讨论Becausethisisanormativequestionalternativeviewpointontheissuesarepermitted.Anywellreasonedandlogicalanswershouldbeawardedhighmarks.Notethatthereisnosinglecorrectansweronthisissue.D.ShouldtheIASBhavetheauthoritytosetinternationalaccountingstandardsorshouldthestandardsbetheoutcomeofamorecollaborative/consultativeexerciseDiscuss.如果国际会计准则理事会有权设定国际会计准则还是让这些标准的结局是一个更合作/协商锻炼吗讨论Becausethisisanormativequestionalternativeviewpointontheissuesarepermitted.Anywellreasonedandlogicalanswershouldbeawardedhighmarks.Notethatthereisnosinglecorrectansweronthisissue.E.InAustraliatheIASBsetofaccountingstandardsaremandatoryasfrom1January
2005.HowdoesthedegreeofapplicabilityoftheIASBstandardsinEuropeanUnioncountriespost2005differfromthedegreeofapplicabilityofthissetofaccountingstandardsinAustralia澳大利亚的国际会计准则理事会的会计准则是强制性的从2005年1月1日起如何应用的程度的欧盟国家IASB标准不同岗位2005年的适用程度这一套会计准则在澳大利亚?TheAustralianconceptofreportingentity“inStatementofAccountingConcepts1stillcontinuestoapply.ThismeansthattheIFRSmustbefollowedbyallreportingentitiesincludinglargerprivatecompaniesandnot-for-profitorganisations.IntheEuropeanUnionconformitywithIFRSislimitedtotheconsolidatedgroupaccountsandtolistedcompanies.ThereforecomparativelymoreorganisationswillbeaffectedinAustraliabythemovetoIFRSthanwillbeaffectedintheEU.TheseissuesmaynothavebeenproperlythoughtthroughatthetimethatAustraliarushedtoacceptIASBadoptionby1January2005Alfredson2003;HaswellandMcKinnon
2003.QUESTION55+5+5+5=20MarksAnswerfour4ofthefollowing:A.Compareandcontrastthedifferentformatsforfinancialstatementconsolidation.Makesurethatyouranswerincludesreferencetothefollowingmethodsofconsolidation;fullproportionalandequity.比较了不同的格式合并财务报表确保你的答案包括参考下面的方法;全的整合以及比例和公正Thequalityandquantityofconsolidatedinformationvariesconsiderablybothbetweenandwithincountries.ApartfromtheUnitedStatesUnitedKingdomandtheEUcountrieslegalandprofessionalrequirementsrelatingtoconsolidatedstatementsarenotyetascomprehensiveasmightbeexpected.Themethodsofconsolidationincludethefollowing:Thefullmethodcommonwithcorporationsthathavewholly-ownedsubsidiariesorcontrollinginterestsinothercorporationsinvolvesaline-by-lineconsolidationofallaccounts.Theproportionalmethodconsideredappropriateforjointventuresinvolvestheconsolidationofonlytheownershipshareofassetsandliabilitiesonapro-ratabasis.Theequitymethodusedwhenthereisasignificantinfluencebutnotcontrollinginterestinanotherentityinvolvesconsolidatingashareoftheprofitsonaone-linebasisaccordingtotheequityownedbytheMNE.ThecostmethodwherebyonlydividendsareincludedintheresultsfortheyearisalsowidelyusedincountriessuchasAustraliaandSweden.B.Whyhasjointventureaccountingbecomeamuchmoreimportantissuenowthanitwassayinthe1970sWhyhasitbeendifficulttogetagreementinternationallyabouttheappropriateaccountingtreatmentforjointventures为什么合资企业会计成为一种非常重要的问题现在比说在20世纪70年代吗为什麽还是很难协议对适当的会计处理国际合资吗?Joint-ventureaccountingisbecomingincreasinglyimportantwiththegrowthofcollaborativearrangementsbetweenMNEsandhostgovernments/domesticcorporationsespeciallyintheemergingeconomiesofRussiaEasternEuropeandChina.MNEsthemselvesarealsoforgingalliancestoaccessnewmarketsontechnology.ThistrendlookslikelytocontinueandsometheoristssuggestthatwehaveenteredanageofAllianceCapitalism.”Thealternativesofproportionalconsolidationversustheequitymethodarecontroversialbecauseofdifferingviewsconcerningthenatureofconsolidationi.e.shouldtheformsbeontheassetsandliabilitiesdeployedinrespectofwhichtheinvestorcompanyisassumedtohavesomecontrolproportionalapproachorshouldthefocusbeonthenetinvestmentorequityinwhichtheJanuary12007100Averagefor2007104December312007110ConsolidatedbalancesheetinmillionsofEuroyearendDec.312007AssetsEquityandLiabilitiesCashcashequivalents2500Accountspayable15000Accountsreceivable19460Accruedliabilities8250Prepaidexpense600Bankloanpayable12750Inventory10280Bondspayable7340Suppliees300Equipment24500OwnersequityLessaccumulatedDep.5000Paid-incapital7500Retainedearnings1800Totalassets52640TotalequityLiabilities52640BladesMalaysiainmillions20032004200520062007MRcashinflows3500400055004800MRcashoutflows1500020009007001000US$cashoutflows20015012575BladesThailandinmillions20032004200520062007TBcashflows25000225002300024800TBcashoutflows350002000220019003000US$cashoutflows125175200none
200320012005200620071.
0000.
89290.
79720.
71180.6355December
3120060.15December
3120070.138HistoricalRate
0.16Averageduring
20070.145AverageduringFourthquarter
20060.151Averageduringfourthquarter
20070.14Accounts12/31/2007FrancsExchangeRateDollarsCash2000Accountsreceivable4275inventory4700FixedAssets27500Accumulateddepreciation-5500Total33425Accountpayable6000Long-termdebt10800Capitalstock6200RetainedEarnings10425TranslationadjustmentsTotal33425AccountsFrancsExchangerateDollarsSales31500ExpensesCostofgoodssold18000BladesMalaysiainmillions20032004200520062007MRcashinflows3500400055004800MRcashoutflows1500020009007001000US$cashoutflows20015012575BladesThailandinmillions20032004200520062007TBcashflows25000225002300024800TBcashoutflows350002000220019003000US$cashoutflows125175200none
200320042005200620071.
0000.
89290.
79720.
71180.6355Depreciation2750Otherexpenses4500Taxes1500Netincome4750Retainedearnings12/31/
200680501153.373NetincomeDividends2375Retainedearnings12/31/2007RetainedEarnings
0080501153.373Netincome
4750688.75Dividends
23750.
145344.375RetainedEarnings
01104251497.748Cash
20000.
13827610000.15150AccountsReceivable
47250.
138652.
0539000.15585Inventories
47000.
138648.
636000.15540FixedAssets
275000.
1383795275000.154125AccumulatedDepreciation-
55000.138-759-
27500.15-
412.5Total
334254612.
65332504987.5AccountsPayable
60000.
13882865000.15975Long-termDebt
108000.
1381490.
4125000.151875Capitalstock
62000.
15873984.
12762000.
15873984.127RetainedEarnings
104251497.
74880501153.373Trans.Adj.-
187.6250Total
334254612.
65332504987.5Equipmentdepreciation1250108/1001350Interestexpense90108/10593Utilities30108/10531Federalincometaxes65108/10567Netoperatingincome985949Add:Netmonetarygain480P-L-Anetincome1429六以及Caseanalysis(案例分析题Thissectionfor35points20032004200520062007NetMRcashflow150001500310048003800FixedrateMR/$
3.
83.
9144.
0314.
1524.277Dollarvalue39473837691156888Less$outflows20015012575Net$flows3947183619103181312%Pvfacto
1.
000.
8929.
7972.
7118.6355PVof$flow394716349373451720032004200520062007NetTBcashflow3500023000203002110021800FixedrateTB/$
39.
537.
9236.
40334.
94733.549Dollarvalue886607558604650Less$outflows125175200Net$flows88648238340465012%Pvfactor
1.
000.
8929.
7972.
7118.6355PVof$flow886430305288413。