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2023年6月英语四级听力原文Newsreport1TheInternationalLabourOrganizationsaysthenumberofpeoplewithoutjobsisincreasing.国际劳工组织称失业人数正在增加InitslatestupdateonGlobalEmploymentTrends在最新一期全球就业趋势报告中,theagencysaysprojectionsofthenumberofunemployedpeoplethisyearrangefrom210milliontonearly240millionpeople.该组织预料今年失业人数将在亿人之间Thereportwarnsthat200millionpoorworkersareatriskofjoiningtheranksofpeoplelivingonlessthan2dollarsperdayinthepastthreeyears.该组织的报告警告说,在过去的三年里2亿贫困工人面临跨入每天靠不足两美元过活行列的风险ThedirectorgeneraloftheInternationalLabourOrganizationJuanSomavia国际劳工组织主任胡安•索马维亚notesthatsomecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis.表示一些国家已经起先实行措施应对全球危机带来的影响了Howeverhepointsoutthatmanycountrieshavenotdoneso.但同时他还指出有很多国家尚未实行措施Andbasedonpastexperiencesittakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttoreturntopre-crisislevels.依据以往阅历,经济复苏之后,失业率须要4-5年时间复原到危机前水平Mr.SomaviasaystheInternationalLabourOrganizationisproposingaglobaljobs1agreementtodealwithunemployment.索马维亚称国际劳工组织正在针对失业问题打算一份国际就业协议Itskeyobjectiveistoplacethecenterofrecoveryefforts协议的核心是制定主要复原措施,睡眠少的人可能患上高血压、心脏病、糖尿病;或者出现肥胖等其他问题Sleepingbettermayhelpfightoffillness.好的睡眠能够抵挡疾病Whenpeoplearesleep-deprivedtherearehigherlevelsofstresshormonesintheirbodieswhichcandecreaseimmunefunction人们缺乏睡眠时,体内的压力荷尔蒙水平较高,导致免疫功能降低,〃saysDr.PhyllisZeeofNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.芝加哥西北高校菲利斯•徐说道AUniversityofChicagostudyshowspeoplewhosleepwelllivelonger.芝加哥高校一项探讨表明睡眠质量好的人寿命更长Sosaygoodnightsooneranditmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage所以,早点睡觉,这样你才能有一个充溢活力的晚年Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.请依据你听到的内容回答16-18题Question
16.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout问题16说话者主要探讨了什么问题?Question
17.WhatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttodaysAmericans问题17依据以上内容我们对如今的美国人有什么了解?Question18Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep问题18说话者认为缺乏睡眠的人会怎样?PassagetwoParentsandteacherswilltellyounottoworrywhenapplyingaplaceatuniversity.家长和老师可能会劝慰你不用担忧高校申请的事情Butinthesamebreathwillremindyouthatitisthemostimportantdecisionofyourlife.但是,话音未落他们就会提示你这是你一生中最重要的一次确定Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.你要做的第一个确定当然就是选择Itwilldependonwhatyouwanttogetoutofuniversitywhatyouaregoodatandwhatyouenjoy.这要依据你想从高校学到什么、你擅长什么、喜爱什么而定Thenextdecisioniswheretoapply下一个确定就是申请哪所学校Aimhighbutwithinreason.要有雄心但也要理性Doyouhavetherightcombinationofsubjectsandareyourexpectedgradeslikelytomeetentryrequirements你现在所学的科目以及学业成果与目标学校的要求是否匹配呢?ThedeadlineisJanuary15th.报名截止日期是1月15日Butitisbesttosubmityourapplicationearlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin.但是你提交申请越早越好,因为一旦有学生提交申请,学校就会起先审核工作Themostimportantpartoftheapplicationisthemuchfearedpersonalstatement.申请过程中最重要的一项,也是学生们最畏惧的一项就是个人陈述Thisisyourchancetoconveyboundlessenthusiasmforthesubject.个人陈述给你供应了一个表达你对所选学科无限热忱的机会Soeconomyofexpressionisforemost.因此,言词精简是重点Omitdullandineffectivegeneralitiesandmakesureyougiveconcreteexamples.避开概括性的无用之词,给出详细的实例Admissionsofficersreadeverypersonalstatementthatarrives.招生人员会读每一封收到的个人陈述Itisnotconvincingifyousayyouhavechosenthesubjectbecauseyouenjoyit.假如你说你选该学科是出于喜爱,这将很不具劝服力Youhavetogetacrosswhatitisaboutaparticularareathathasinspiredyou.你须要让读者领悟到它究竟哪方面激发了你的爱好Theywilllookforevidencethatyouhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.他们会在其中找寻证据证明你对所选的科目有过深度的思索Applicantsshouldbehonest.申请人须要诚恳Thereisnopointsayingyourunmarathonsifyouaregoingtobeoutofbreatharrivingattheinterviewonthesecondfloor.假如你连爬两层楼来面试都累得气喘吁吁,那么你说你常跑马拉松就毫无意义了Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.请依据刚刚听到的内容回答19-21题Question
19.Whatisthefirstdecisionyoushouldmakeinpreparingtoapplyforaplaceatuniversity问题19申请高校时你须要做的第一个确定是什么?Question20Whatisthemostimportantpartoftheapplication问题20申请流程中最重要的一部分是什么?Question
21.Whatmustapplicantsdointheirpersonalstatements问题21学生们写个人陈述时必需怎样?PassageThreeItisusuallyagreedthataGermanCarlBenzbuiltthefirstmotorcar
1885.人们普遍认为第一辆汽车是由卡尔•奔驰在1885年设计建立的Itwasactuallyatricyclewithapetrolmotorattherear.它其实是一辆后面载着汽油发动机的三轮车SoonmembersoftheRoyalfamilyandotherwealthypeopletookupmotoringasasport.很快,开这种汽车成为了皇室成员以及其他一些富人的体育运动Manyoftheearlycarshad2seats.早期的汽车只有两个座位Therewerenopetrolpumpsandfewgaragessoeverydriverhadtobehisownengineerforthefrequentbreakdowns.当时没有加油泵,汽车修理厂也很少,而汽车故障频发,因此司机只能做自己的修理工了By1905carsbegantolooklikecarsoftodaywithheadlampswindscreenrubbertyresandnumberplates.到1905年,汽车的外形起先朝今日的汽车外形进化,有了车头灯、挡风镜、橡胶轮胎和车牌号HenryFordsHModelTintroducedinAmericain1909wascheaperbecauseitwasmadeontheassemblyline.1909年引入美国的福特T型车价格相对较低,因为他的车是在生产线上产出的Itbroughtcarsclosertowardsthereachofordinarypeople.这拉近了一般人与汽车之间的距离Withthepopularityofthecarregistrationbecameamustin1903withtheMotorCarAct.随着车辆的流行,1903年出台的《汽车管理法令》规定购车必需注册Competencytestswereintroducedin
1935.1935年驾驶实力测试也被引入该法令TodaythelegaldrivingageforacarintheUKisseventeen.英国现在的最低合法驾车年龄是17岁Youarenotallowedtodriveacarunsuperviseduntilyouhavepassedadrivingtest.在通过驾驶实力测试之前不能开车,除非在有人监督的状况下In1958Britaincelebratedtheopeningofitsfirstmotorway—thePrestonbypass.英国1985年庆祝了其第一条高速马路的开通,也就是如今的普雷斯顿路段Untilthennoonereallyunderstoodwhatamotorwaywasnoteventhelabourerswhowerebuildingit.当时,没有人知道高速马路是什么,包括建立这段马路的工人们Thebypasshailedanewerainmotortravelandwasgreetedwithexcitementandoptimism.普勒斯顿高速路开启了汽车旅行的新时代,人们对它的开通充溢了激烈之情和乐观的向往Servicestationscamewiththemotorwayandthelegendofthetransportcafewasborn.服务站随之而来,货运餐馆的传奇就这样诞生了Ofcoursetheservicestationhasdiversifiedgreatly.当然,服务站各有不同ButwhetheritsanEnglishcookedbreakfastoracoffeeandsandwichonethinghasremainedthesame:theprices.但无论是英式早餐还是咖啡三明治,有一样东西是一样的,那就是价格Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.请依据刚刚听到的内容回答22-25题Question22Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefirstmotorcar问题22关于第一辆汽车说话者介绍了什么?Question23WhatwastheproblemwiththeearlycarsinBritain问题23英国早期的汽车有什么问题?Question
24.WhydidHenryFordsModelTcarscostless问题24福特T型车为什么价格相对较低?Question25WhatdowelearnaboutthePrestonbypass问题25关于普勒斯顿高速路我们知道了什么?measuresthatwouldgeneratehigherlevelsofemploymentandprovidebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.这些措施将帮助提高就业水平,并对社会底层人群供应爱护Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.请依据你刚刚听到的新闻报道回答问题1和问题2Questionl.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout问题1:新闻报道的主要内容是什么?Question2WhatdoesJuanSomaviadirectorgeneraloftheInternationalLabourOrganizationsay问题2国际劳工组织主任胡安•索马维亚说了什么?NewsReport2Bigfast-foodchainsinNewYorkCityhavestartedtoobeyafirst-of-its-kindrulerequiringthemtopostcaloriecountsrightthemenu.纽约市的大型快餐连锁店迎来了一项史无前例的新规定,这一规定要求他们在菜单上附上卡路里含量表CathyNonasiswiththeNewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth.纽约市健康部的凯西•诺娜说Wewantedtogivepeopleanopportunitytoactuallyseethecaloriesbeforetheypurchasethefoodandmakeadecisionaninformeddecision我们希望让消费者能够在知情的状况下做出购物确定thatiftheywanttomakethehealthierchoiceiftheywanttoeatfewercaloriestheycan.假如他们希望买更健康的食物,想摄入更少的热量,这是可以实现的Andweexpectthiswillhaveahugeimpactonobesity.我们认为这项规定会对肥胖问题带来很大改善Andofcourseifithasanimpactonobesityitwillhaveanimpactondiabetesandheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.当然,假如它能改善肥胖问题,那么它也就会降低糖尿病、心脏病和高血压的患病率Thenewruleswereintroducedaspartofananti-obesitycampaignthatalsoincludesarecentcitywidebanonartificialtrans-fatsinrestaurantfood.这项规定是该城市最近发起的反肥胖症运动的一部分此次反肥胖症运动还颁布了一条禁止全城餐馆运用人工反式脂肪的禁令Themenuruleonlyappliestorestaurantsthatservestandardizedportionsizesandhave15ormorelocationsnationwide.菜单新规只适用于供应标准化饮食份量、并在全国有15家或以上连锁店的餐馆StartinglastSaturdaychainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesofupto2000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominentspotontheirmenuspreferablynexttotheprice.从上周六起先,符合条件的餐馆须要在其菜单明显位置,最好在价格旁边显示卡路里信息,否则将会面临多达2000美元的罚款Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.请依据你刚才听到的新闻报道回答问题3和问题
4.WhatarebigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityrequiredtodoaccordingtothenewrule新规定要求纽约市的大型快餐连锁店做什么?.Whatwillhappentobigrestaurantchainsthatviolatethenewrule假如大型快餐连锁店违反规定将会怎样?NewsReport3Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday.如今,几乎全部的公司都知道创新的重要性,Butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.但是真正露够将创新融入到其业务当中的却不多AcommentaryintheShanghaiDailypointsoutthatinnovationdoesntmeanpilesofdocuments.《上海日报》的一篇评论文章指出,独创并不简洁的是一摞摞的文件Itissomethingmorepractical而是实际的东西Thearticlesaysmanypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnewbutactuallyitsmorethanthat文章中说到,很多人认为独创就是创建出新的东西,但事实上不止如此Itsanattitudeofdoingthings.它还代表了一种做事的方式Acompanyshouldfindwaystoinnovatenotjustinproductsbutalsoinfunctionsbusinessmodelsandprocesses.一个公司要寻求的不仅仅是产品创新,还应寻求运营、商业模式和流程方面的创新ThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcteramp;Gambleasanexamplesayingarealinnovativecompanyshoulddevelopaninnovationcultureanduseitasaprimarytoolforsuccess.文章还引用了宝洁公司为例,称真正有创新精神的公司应当发展创新文化,并以其作为胜利的主要工具Procteramp;GamblehasaCorporateInnovationFundwhichoffersbigrewardsforhigh-riskideasthatsucceed.宝洁公司有一个企业创新基金〃,该基金用于嘉奖获得胜利的大胆创意Italsohasaspecialinnovationfacilityforitsemployees.该公司还有特地的员工创新基地Sometimesitsemployeesarereleasedfromtheirdailyjobsforweeksandspendtheirtimeinteractingintheinnovationfacilityinstead有时候员工几个星期不去公司上班,而是在创新基地一起互动沟通Inconclusionthearticlesaysinnovativeideasalonedonotensuresuccess-归结起来,这篇壬章表达的意思是创新的想法未必意味着胜利Itspointlessunlessthereisrepeatableprocessinplacetoturninspirationintofinancialperformance.假如不能将灵感通过某个过程转化为财务收益,全部的想法都是徒劳Questions5and7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.请依据你刚刚听到的新闻报道回答第5-7题Whatistheproblemwithmanycompaniesaccordingtothenewsreport新闻报道中指出很多公司的问题是什么?.Whatdomanypeopletendtothinkofinnovation多数人对创新的理解是什么?.WhatdoesthecompanyProcteramp;Gambleoweitssuccessto宝洁公司的胜利归功于什么?ConversationOneM:SoLyndsaydoyouliketotextmessageonyourcellphone男士林赛,你喜爱用手机发短信吗?W:YeahItextmessagealot.女士喜爱啊,我常常发M:Idontdoitsomuch.IprefertomakeacallifTminahurry.男士我不是很喜爱假如有急事我更喜爱打电话W:YeahIgobothways.SometimesIdontreallywanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestionsoitsmucheasierformejusttotextmessage.IfIcallthemrilhavetohavealongconversation.女士嗯,我两个都用有时候我真的很不想和人说话假如我只是想问一个问题,那发短信就简洁多了但是假如打电话,就得进行一次很长的对话M:YeahIcanseewhatyoumean.ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.Imnotabigtalker.男士是的,我明白你的意思但是我和别人打电话用的时间很短我不是爱闲聊的人W:Yeahthatstrue.Youdonttalkalot.女士你的确不太爱说话M:Soareyoufastatwritingthemessageswithyourthumb男士那你发短信时打字快吗?W:WellwhenIfirstgotacellphoneIwassoslow.IthoughtIwouldnevertextmessage.ButthenpeoplekepttextmessagingmesoIfeltobligedtolearnhowtotextmessage.Sonowrmprettyfast.Whataboutyou女士啊,我刚用手机时,打字很慢我想我恒久都不会发短信但是人们不断地给我发短信,弄得我不得不学因此现在我打字很快了你呢?M:ActuallyIhavetheoppositeproblem.WhenIfirstgotmycellphoneIthoughtitwassocooltotextmessageallmyfriendswhohaveoneandIwasprettyfastwithmythumbthen.ButitseemslikenowIdontuseitsomuchIvegotsloweractually.男士其实我刚好和你相反我刚买手机的时候,给全部有手机的挚友都发短信,当时觉得那是一件很酷的事,所以那时候我的手很麻利但是现在我不太发短信了,所以好像也生疏了很多W:YeahIthinktextmessagingactuallysortofhastodowithyourage.Forexamplepeopleinhighschooltheytextmessagealot.ButIaskmyfatherifhetextmessagesandguesswhathesaid女士是的,我觉得是否喜爱发短信和年龄也有肯定的关系比如,中学生很爱发短信但是我问我的父亲他是否发短信,你猜他怎么说?M:What男士怎么说?W:Hesaidhenevertextmessaged.Hethinksitsverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.女士他说他从来没有发过他说发短信很无趣,而且很不专业M:YeahIcanseewhathemeans.Itsconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessagesomeone.男士嗯,我能理解他给别人发短信的确感觉很不正式.Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself关于自己男士说了什么?.Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone女士打电话时通常会怎样?.Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone男士刚买手机时为什么给他全部的挚友发短信?.WhatdoestheWomansfatherthinkoftextmessaging女士的父亲对发短信有什么看法?ConversationTwoW:GoodmorningMr.Johnson.HowcanIhelpyou女士约翰逊先生早上好有什么须要我帮您的吗?M:WellrdliketotalktoyouaboutTimBondthedepartmentmanager.男士嗯,我想就我们的部门经理蒂姆•邦德跟你谈一下W:Whatseemstobetheproblem女士是什么事?M:WelleversinceSandraleftthedepartmentIfeellikeIvebeentargetedtodoallherworkaswellasmine.ImexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsandIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork.男士啊,自从桑德拉离开我们部门之后,我感觉我就承包了她的工作,始终干两个人的活儿我须要参与很多会议,而且奢侈很多时间在做一些不重要的文书工作上W:Imsorrytohearthat.女士听你这么说我很缺憾M:AndontopofthatIdspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasIddonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.ButthatafternooneventhoughIdfinishedmyassignedworkIwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirworktoo.男士而且还有,上周五我明确提出希望早点下班,因为那一周我已经加班很多了但是我下午完成安排给我的任务之后,他又让我帮助其他同事W:ButsurelythafsapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou女士但是这明显表明邦德先生很信任你啊M:YesbutothercolleaguesgettoleaveearlyandtheydorTthavesuchalotofworktodo.男士是的,但是其他同事都可以早点下班,他们也没有很多工作要做W:Soyoufeelhe*sbeenmakingunrealisticdemandsonyou女士那么你是觉得他对你的要求过于高了对吗?M:Yesabsolutely.男士对,是的W:HaveyouapproachedMr.Bondaboutthisparticularproblem女士你就这个问题找过邦德先生吗?M:Ivetriedbutitseemslikehejusthasnotimeforme.男士我试过,但是他好像没有时间理我W:Wellatthisstageitwouldbebetterifyouapproachedhimdirectly.Ifnothingelseshowingthatyouvetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfarthermakesitclearthatyourenotjustacomplainer.Whydontyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate女士那么,现阶段,还是你干脆找他比较好在实行进一步措施之前,最至少你表现出情愿自己解决问题,这能证明你不是一个只会埋怨的人你何不给他发一封邮件要求和他私下谈一谈呢?M:HmmIvebeenabitworriedabouthisreaction.Butanywayrilsendhimanemailtorequestameetingandrilseewhathappensfromthere.Thanksforyouradvice.男士嗯,我始终担忧他会是什么反应无论如何,我会给他发邮件,然后看事态会如何发展感谢你的建议W:Goodluckandletusknowtheoutcome.女士祝你好运有了结果之后请告知我们Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation依据对话我们对男士有哪些了解?Whatisthemanschiefcomplaint男士埋怨的主要问题是什么?Howdoesthewomaninterpretthefactthatthemanwasaskedtohelphiscolleagueswiththeirwork女士是如何解读该男士被要求帮助同事完成工作这件事的?Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo女士建议男士怎么做?PassageOneThemassivedeclineinsleephappenedsoslowlyandquietlythatfewseemedtonoticethetrend.人们的睡眠时间在渐渐削减,然而这一发展趋势是如此缓慢、悄然,以至于很少有人察觉WasitbecauseofthegrowingattractionoftheInternetvideogamesandendlessTVchannelsNeverdisconnectingfromwork是因为网络、视频嬉戏和无间断播放的电视节目吸引力太大了吗?还是因为处于工作须要要时刻保持联络方式畅通?NomatterhowithappenedmillionsofAmericansareputtingtheirhealthqualityoflifeandevenlengthoflifeindanger.无论是什么缘由,美国人都已经让自己的健康、生活品质甚至寿命面临风险Newevidenceshowswhygettingenoughsleepisatoppriority.有新证据证明白足够睡眠的头等重要地位Some40percentofAmericansgetlessthansevenhoursofshut-eyeonweeknights.40%的美国人在工作日每天睡眠时间少于7个小时工ThelinkbetweensleepandhealthandbadsleepanddiseaseisbecomingclearerandclearersaysLawrenceEpsteinasleepexpertatHarvardUniversity.哈佛高校睡眠探讨专家,劳伦斯•艾普斯坦说,睡眠与健康之间,以及缺乏睡眠与疾病之间的联系已经日益明显Forexamplesleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsomeeighthoursinthe1950stoseveninrecentyears.比如近年来人们的睡眠时长已经从20世纪50年头的八小时缩短到七小时Atthesametimehighbloodpressurehasbecomeanincreasingproblem.同时,高血压的发病率在不断上升Bloodpressureandheartratearetypicallyattheirlowestlevelsduringsleep;通常,人睡着时血压和心率处于最低水平peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressureheartattackdiabetesweightgainandotherproblems.。