英语等级考试《PETS四级》试题（网友回忆版）六

英语等级考试《PETS四级》试题网友回忆版六［问答题］

1.Directions:Readthefollowingte江南博哥xt.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET

1.Inadditiontotheestablishedenergysourcessuchasgascoaloilandnuclearthereareanumberofothersourcesthatweoughttoconsider.Twoofthesearehydroelecdivicandtidalpower.Thesetwosourcesare21inthattheyarebothrenewable.22hydropowerismorewidelyusedthantidal.In23asubstantialamountofelecdivicityisalreadyproducedinHEPhydroelecdivicpowerstationsworldwide24tidalstationsarestillintheveryearly25ofdevelopment.Asfarasgeographical26isconcernedHEPprojectsaretobefoundonlakesandriverswhiletidal27areconsdivuctedonlyatrivermouthswheretidal28isgreat.Unfortunatelytheseare29innumber.AtpresentHEPstationsarefoundmainlyinNorwayCanadaSwedenandBrazilwhereastidalplantsarein30inFranceRussiaandChina.Asregardscapital31bothrequireveryhighinvestment.Ontheotherhandgenerating32arequitelowinbothcases.InfactalargescaleHEPplantiscapableofproducingpowermore33thanconventionalsourcessuchascoaloilandnuclearplants.Tidalpoweralsocompares34withnuclearandoilgeneratedelecdivicity35theamountofmoneyonproduction.36HEPstationstidalconsdivuctionshavealonglife37・Itisestimatedthattheycanoperateforover100years.Withrespectto38ofsupplytidalstations39fromHEPonesinthattheyoftencanonlysupplypower

40.HEPstationshoweverprovideaconstantsupplyofelecdivicity.andanother1to2millionpeopleunemployedwontmakemuchdifference.Postponingactionjustmeansthatinflationpressesfurtherandisevenmoredifficulttodealwith.Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryresdivaint.Alltheburdennowisonmonetarypolicy.Weshouldshifttoamuchmoreresdivictiverevenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy.Tobesignificantthe1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed.Thatsamajorcutingovernmentprograms一andveryhardtodo.Itsimpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving.Soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea一includingtheindexedprogramssuchasSocialSecurityandfoodstamps.Stateandlocal-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanothermajorcandidate.Youvealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat.ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecondivolstobreaktheimpetusofthewage-priceinteraction.InordertogetquickresultsIdsetthestandardaround5or6percentforbothwagesandprices.Basicallyyoureaimingtocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear.Therewouldbenoexceptionsbutyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajorlaborsettlements.Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurredcondivolswontwork.Insteadyouneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthoseareas.Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem.Myansweristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodoandinsteadofchoosingamongthemdoallofthem.We^vegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram.［单选题］

4.Thephraseuspecialsectors”line1paragraph7mostprobablyrefersto.A.energyfoodandhousing.indexedprograms.socialsecurityandfoodstamps.largecorporationsandlaborsettlements.参考答案A参考解析词义猜测题第七段第一句提到“Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurred…”，由此可知，工资及物价控制政策对于那些已经受到通货膨胀影响的特殊部门是不起作用的，而且第一段最后一句提到Therealsohavebeentremendousshocksinenergyfoodandhousingpricesmakingitworse，即能源、食品及住房价格的巨大震荡使得通货膨胀更加严重；综合以上两方面的考虑，故答案为A项Bytheendoftheyearwewillbeinasituationwhereyearinyearoutwecanlookforwardtoatleast10percentinflation.Andthequestionwillbe:HowmuchworsewilloilfoodandhousingpricesmakethatThesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryexdivemechangesinpolicy.Apolicyofgradualismwhereyouretalkingaboutamildrecessionandanother1to2millionpeopleunemployedwontmakemuchdifference.Postponingactionjustmeansthatinflationpressesfurtherandisevenmoredifficulttodealwith.Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryresdivaint.Alltheburdennowisonmonetarypolicy.Weshouldshifttoamuchmoreresdivictiverevenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy.Tobesignificantthe1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed.Thatsamajorcutingovernmentprograms一andveryhardtodo.Itsimpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving.Soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea一includingtheindexedprogramssuchasSocialSecurityandfoodstamps.Stateandlocal-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanothermajorcandidate.You^vealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat.ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecondivolstobreaktheimpetusofthewage-priceinteraction.InordertogetquickresultsIdsetthestandardaround5or6percentforbothwagesandprices.Basicallyyoureaimingtocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear.Therewouldbenoexceptionsbutyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajorlaborsettlements.Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurredcondivolswontwork.Insteadyouneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthoseareas.Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem.Myansweristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodoandinsteadofchoosingamongthemdoallofthem.Wevegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram.［单选题］

5.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutThedefectofUSmonetarysystem.Thecausesofever-worseninginflationintheUS.C.ProspectsfortheUSeconomicsituation.D.AcomprehensivesettlementofinflationintheUS.参考答案D参考解析主旨大意题通读全文可知，本文主要是讲如何应对美国的通货膨胀，而且文章最后一句话提到Wevegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogramv即作者的观点是从整体上综合性应对通货膨胀，综合两方面可知，这篇文章主旨是如何全面综合的应对美国的通货膨胀，故答案为D项Text2ForcenturiesthemostvaluableofAfricanresourcesforEuropeansweretheslavesbutthesecouldbeobtainedatcoastalportswithoutanyneedforgoingdeepinland.SlaveryhadbeenanestablishedinstitutioninAfrica.Prisonersofwarhadbeenenslavedaswerealsodebtorsandindividualsguiltyofseriouscrimes.Buttheseslavesusuallywerediveatedaspartofthefamily.Theyhadclearlydefinedrightsandtheirslavestatuswasnotnecessarilyinherited.ThereforeitiscommonlyarguedthatAfricasdivaditionalslaverywasmildcomparedtothedivans-AtlanticslavedivadeorganizedbytheEuropeans.Thisargumenthowevercanbecarriedtoofar.Inthemostrecentstudyofthissubjectsomescholarswarnedagainsttheillusionthat“creelanddehumanizingenslavementwasamonopolyoftheWest.SlaveryinitsexdivemeformsincludingthetakingoflifewascommontobothAfricaandtheWest.ThefactthatAfricanslaveryhaddifferentoriginsandconsequencesshouldnotleadustodenywhatitwas—theexploitationandcondivolofhumanbeings.NeithercanitbedeniedthatthewholesaleshipmentofAfricanstotheslaveplantationsoftheAmericaswasmadepossiblebytheparticipationofAfricanchiefswhoroundeduptheirfellowAfricansandsoldthemasahandsomeprofittoEuropeanshipcaptainswaitingalongthecoasts.Grantingallthisthefactremainsthatthedivans-AtlanticslavedivadeconductedbytheEuropeanswasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthedivaditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica.FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocialasithadbeeninAfrica.Westernslavedivadersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderationsandwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmoreprofidivtodosothantodiveatthemmoremercifully.ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavedivadeonalargescale.PerhapsasasubconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferiorandthereforedestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters.RationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedintheEuropeansuseofreligiontojustifythedivafficinhumanbeings.ItwasarguedforinstancethatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothedivuefaithaswellastocivilization.［单选题］6・Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorarguesthat.A.theEuropeanswereinnocentinthedivadeofAfricanslaves.B.slaveryinAfricaandintheWestwasthesameinnature.theviewinthemostrecentstudiesofenslavementisbaseless.slaveshadbeendiveatedevenmorecruellyintheAfricandivadition.参考答案B参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第一段倒数第二句ThefactthatAfricanslaveryhaddifferentoriginsandconsequencesshouldnotleadUStodenywhatitwas一theexploitationandcontrolofhumanbeings”，由此可知，非洲奴隶制度的起源及造成的后果都不同于西方奴隶制度的事实，不应该使我们因此否认非洲奴隶制度在本质上是对人类的剥削及控制，即非洲及西方国家的奴隶制度在本质上是相同的，故答案为B项Grantingallthisthefactremainsthatthedivans-AtlanticslavedivadeconductedbytheEuropeanswasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthedivaditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica.FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocialasithadbeeninAfrica.Westernslavedivadersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderationsandwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmoreprofidivtodosothantodiveatthemmoremercifully.ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavedivadeonalargescale.PerhapsasasubconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferiorandthereforedestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters.RationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedintheEuropeansuseofreligiontojustifythedivafficinhumanbeings.ItwasarguedforinstancethatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothedivuefaithaswellastocivilization.［单选题］

7.WhichofthefollowingwasdivueofthelocalAfricanslaveryA.Slavesmighthavetheirownfamilies.B.Thesonofaslavemightnotbeaslave.Slaverywasconfinedtothecoastalregions.TherewasnokillinginAfricanslavery.参考答案B参考解析细节理解题选项A属于无中生有；第一段第五句提到“Theyhadclearlydefinedrightsandtheirslavestatuswasnotnecessarilyinherited即非洲当地的奴隶拥有明确的权利，而且奴隶身份不一定是世袭的，由此可知，奴隶的下一代不一定还是奴隶，故B项正确；第一段第一句提至ForcenturiesthemostvaluableofAfricanresourcesforEuropeanswerethesalvesbutthesecouldbeobtainedatcoastalportswithoutanyneedforgoingdeepinland”，即这些奴隶可以从港口地区获得，并没有指出非洲本地的奴隶制度只限于海港地区，故c错误的；根据第一段倒数第三句提到“SlaveryinitsextremeformsincludingthetakingoflifewascommontobothAfricaandtheWest”，即奴隶制度下那些极端残酷的事件，包括屠杀奴隶，在非洲和西方国家均有发生，故D项错误Grantingallthisthefactremainsthatthedivans-AtlanticslavedivadeconductedbytheEuropeanswasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthedivaditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica.FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocialasithadbeeninAfrica.Westernslavedivadersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderationsandwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmoreprofidivtodosothantodiveatthemmoremercifully.ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavedivadeonalargescale.PerhapsasasubconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferiorandthereforedestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters.RationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedintheEuropeansuseofreligiontojustifythedivafficinhumanbeings.ItwasarguedforinstancethatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothedivuefaithaswellastocivilization.［单选题］

8.Thesentence“Thisargument…，canbecarriedtoofar”impliesthat.A.Africansdivaditionalslaverywasinhumane.B.theslaveryinAfricawasconfinedtosomeregions.C.supportersofthisargumentknewtitleofAfrica.D.slaveshipmentwasnotsoseriousaswasimagined.参考答案A参考解析推理判断题根据题干问题中的argument定位到第一段第六句“ThereforeitiscommonlyarguedthatAfricastraditionalslaverywasmildcomparedtothetransoAtlanticslavetradeorganizedbytheEuropeans由此可知，人们普遍认为，非洲传统的奴隶制度要比欧洲人组织的跨大西洋的奴隶贸易温和，接下来提到“Thisargumenthowevercanbecarriedtoofar”，即作者认为该观点有失偏颇但根据46题讲到非洲的奴隶制度与欧洲的奴隶制度本质上都是一致的，因而推知非洲的奴隶制度同样是不人道，残酷的，故答案为A项Grantingallthisthefactremainsthatthedivans-AtlanticslavedivadeconductedbytheEuropeanswasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthedivaditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica.FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocialasithadbeeninAfrica.Westernslavedivadersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderationsandwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmoreprofidivtodosothantodiveatthemmoremercifully.ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavedivadeonalargescale.PerhapsasasubconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferiorandthereforedestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters.RationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedintheEuropeansuseofreligiontojustifythedivafficinhumanbeings.ItwasarguedforinstancethatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothedivuefaithaswellastocivilization.［单选题］

9.Supportersoftherationalizationofslaverybelievethatthedivade.A.wasoutofgoodintentsfromthebeginning.B.helpedthedevelopmentoflocalreligion.C.wasahelpforcivilizingtheAfricans.D.drovetheevilsoutoftheAfricanreligions.参考答案c参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第二段第三句Westernslavetradersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderations…”，由此可知，西方的奴隶贸易者及蓄奴者认为把奴隶累死要比友善地对待他们更加有利可图，可看出并不是出于好意，即“goodintents”，故A项错误；第二段最后一句提到“ItwasarguedforinstancethatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothetruefaithaswellastocivilization即这种合理化观点的支持者认为蓄奴使非洲信仰邪恶的宗教转变为真正的信仰及文明，但这并不意味着蓄奴促进了非洲宗教的发展，故B项错误，同时可知C项认为对非洲人文明化有帮助正确；文中没有提及D项表述的意思，故答案为C项Grantingallthisthefactremainsthatthedivans-AtlanticslavedivadeconductedbytheEuropeanswasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthedivaditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica.FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocialasithadbeeninAfrica.Westernslavedivadersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderationsandwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmoreprofidivtodosothantodiveatthemmoremercifully.ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavedivadeonalargescale.PerhapsasasubconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferiorandthereforedestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters.RationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedintheEuropeansuseofreligiontojustifythedivafficinhumanbeings.ItwasarguedforinstancethatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothedivuefaithaswellastocivilization.［单选题］

10.Therelationbetweenthetwoparagraphsisthatinthe2ndparagraphtheauthor.challengestheviewpointinthe1stparagraph.modifieshisviewexpressedinthe1stparagraph.providesthereasonfortheargumentinthe1stparagraph.D.furtheranalyzestheissuediscussedinthe1stparagraph.参考答案A参考解析推理判断题根据题干信息定位到第二段第一句Grantingallthisthefactremains…fromthetraditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica”由此可知，作者认为虽然第一段提到非洲的奴隶制度与西方的奴隶制度本质上一致，但是欧洲组织的跨大西洋的奴隶贸易在数量上和质量上都完全不同于非洲的奴隶制度，接下来作者主要讲述了欧洲奴隶制度的特点因而可推知，第二段在第一段观点的基础上提出了新的观点，是对第一段观点提出了质疑，故答案为A项Text3AsWestNileviruscreepstowardCaliforniaanunlikelywarriorcouldprovidethefirstlineofdefense:thechicken.Thefamiliarfowlmakeirresistibletargetsformosquitoes.UnlikecrowschickensdontgetsickfromWestNile.Buttheydoproducetelltaleantibodiestothevirus.Sointestcoopsscatteredacrossthestatemorethan2000sentinelchickens”submittofrequentbloodtests.WhenantibodiesdoturnupCaliforniahealthofficialswillknowthattheinevidivhasoccurred:theWestNileepidemicwillhavesweptthecoundivy.Lastweekalonemorethan100newhumancasesofWestNilewerereported.TheviruswasdetectedasfarwestasColoradoandWyominginfecting371andkilling16peoplein20statesplustheDisdivictofColumbia.ThisyearWestNileappearedearlierinthemosquitoseason一mid-Junein-steadofAugust一andclaimedyoungervictims;theaverageagedroppedfrom65to

54.FederalhealthofficialsarestilldivyingtofigureoutwhybutsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNilepreciselybecausetheyreonthelookoutforit.AsDr.JulieGerberdingthenewdirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseCondivolCDCrecentlytoldreportersWerenotincrisismode.”WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999theCDCrealizeditwasavictimofitsownsuccess.Becausehealthofficialshadconqueredmostmosquito-bornediseasesdecadesagomanystatesabolishedtheirmosquito-condivolprograms.TheFedsrushedinwithfunds一some$50millionsince1999plus$31millionmorethisyearalone一todivaininsectresearcherssetupstatetestinglabsandkillofftheannoyinginsects.TheCDCestablishedanewcomputermonitoringsystemandheldsdivategysessionswithstateofficials.Someepidemiologistsquestionthefocus一andthemillions一lavishedonavirusthatskilledfewerthan

20.“TheresanepidemicingunviolencethatstakingmorelivesthanWestNilevirus“saysDr.WilliamSteinmanndirectoroftheTulanceCenterforClinicalEffectivenessandPrevention.ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoingfarmoredamage.Werebasicallybuildingtheinfrasdivucturetodealwiththisoverthenext50years“saysDr.LylePetersonaCDCepidemiologist.Thisisheretostay.”SofartherearenoremediesforWestNile.Officialseventuallyexpectthevirustosettleintoaquietpatternofmildinfectionswithoccasionaloutbreaks.TodobattleathometheCDCrecommendseliminatingstandingwaterandusinginsectspraywithDEET一simpleprecautionsbutthebestdefenseagainstaninvaderthatshowsnosignsofgoingaway.［单选题］ll.InCaliforniascientistsusechickento.A.sweepawaytheWestNileepidemic.B.produceantibodiestoWestNilevirus.C.fightagainstthespreadofWestNilevirus.monitorthepresenceoftheWestNilevirus.参考答案D参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第一段第三句至第五句UnlikecrowschickensdontgetsickfromWestNile.•••frequentbloodtests”，由此可知，和乌鸦不一样，鸡不会感染上西尼罗河病毒，但是鸡会产生一种病毒抗体，能够让人们详细了解西尼罗河病毒，因此，整个加利福尼亚州有2000多只“哨兵鸡”在接受频繁的血液检查因此，我们可以知道，科学家对鸡进行血液检查最终目的是为了检测西尼罗河病毒存在与否，故答案为D项Lastweekalonemorethan100newhumancasesofWestNilewerereported.TheviruswasdetectedasfarwestasColoradoandWyominginfecting371andkilling16peoplein20statesplustheDisdivictofColumbia.ThisyearWestNileappearedearlierinthemosquitoseason一mid-Junein-steadofAugust一andclaimedyoungervictims;theaverageagedroppedfrom65to

54.FederalhealthofficialsarestilldivyingtofigureoutwhybutsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNilepreciselybecausetheyreonthelookoutforit.AsDr.JulieGerberdingthenewdirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseCondivolCDCrecentlytoldreportersWerenotincrisismode.”WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999theCDCrealizeditwasavictimofitsownsuccess.Becausehealthofficialshadconqueredmostmosquito-bornediseasesdecadesagomanystatesabolishedtheirmosquito-condivolprograms.TheFedsrushedinwithfunds一some$50millionsince1999plus$31millionmorethisyearalone一todivaininsectresearcherssetupstatetestinglabsandkillofftheannoyinginsects.TheCDCestablishedanewcomputermonitoringsystemandheldsdivategysessionswithstateofficials.Someepidemiologistsquestionthefocus一andthemillions一lavishedonavirusthatskilledfewerthan

20.“TheresanepidemicingunviolencethatstakingmorelivesthanWestNilevirus“saysDr.WilliamSteinmanndirectoroftheTulanceCenterforClinicalEffectivenessandPrevention.ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoingfarmoredamage.Werebasicallybuildingtheinfrasdivucturetodealwiththisoverthenext50years“saysDr.LylePetersonaCDCepidemiologist.Thisisheretostay.”SofartherearenoremediesforWestNile.Officialseventuallyexpectthevirustosettleintoaquietpatternofmildinfectionswithoccasionaloutbreaks.TodobattleathometheCDCrecommendseliminatingstandingwaterandusinginsectspraywithDEET一simpleprecautionsbutthebestdefenseagainstaninvaderthatshowsnosignsofgoingaway.［单选题］

12.AccordingtoFederalhealthofficialsthefactthatmoreWestNilecaseshavebeenreportedindicatesthat.morestatesareaffected.theaverageagedroppeddrastically.healthofficialsaremorealerttothedisease.D.theepidemicseasonbeganamonthearlier.参考答案c参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第二段第四句Federalhealthofficialsarestilltryingtofigureoutwhy…becausetheyreonthelookoutforit.其中的beonthelookoutforsomething意为“注意，留心，警戒”，由此可知，联邦公共卫生官员认为更多的感染者被发现是因为他们对病毒的警惕性高，只有c项的表述正确，故答案为C项Lastweekalonemorethan100newhumancasesofWestNilewerereported.TheviruswasdetectedasfarwestasColoradoandWyoming参考答案

21.Ccompatible兼容的；parallel平行的；similar类似的;identical完全相同的；similar常用搭配besimilarin表示在某方面相似，这里表示这两种能源的相似之处在于它们都是可再生能源，故答案为c项Bfurthermore此外，而且；however然而，不过；hence因此，由此；therwise否则，不然前一句说水力电能和潮汐能具有相似性，后一句说水力电能比潮汐能的使用范围更广，表明两者之间的不同，由语意可知两句话之间属于转折关系，故答案为B项Dinaddition另夕卜；inbrief简言之；ingeneral大体上；infact事实上该句承接上句继续解释两种能源的不同，水力发电站已经为全世界提供了大量电能，而潮汐电站仍然处于最初的发展阶段，这陈述的是事实，故答案为D项Cprovided可作连词表示假如；since既然，因为；whereas（用以比较或对比两个事实）然而，尽管；though虽然根据句意可知此处是将水力发电站和潮汐电站的发展进行了对比，故答案为C项A固定搭配intheearlystages意为“处于早期，在最初阶段”，意思是说潮汐电站仍然处于最初的发展阶段，故答案为A项B承接上文，这里应该是从一个新的角度说明两种能源的不同，从地理位置上来说明两种电站的不同之处，故C和D项不符合语意location和position都有“方位、位置”的意思，但是location强调具体详细的位置;position表示笼统意义上的，大概的位置，指人或物相对于其他人或物的方位关系，本句表示的是大概意义上的两种电站的地理位置，并未确切指出，故答案为B项Cpattern图案；design设计图样；plan规划；scheme方案这里infecting371andkilling16peoplein20statesplustheDisdivictofColumbia.ThisyearWestNileappearedearlierinthemosquitoseason一mid-Junein-steadofAugust一andclaimedyoungervictims;theaverageagedroppedfrom65to

54.FederalhealthofficialsarestilldivyingtofigureoutwhybutsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNilepreciselybecausetheyreonthelookoutforit.AsDr.JulieGerberdingthenewdirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseCondivolCDCrecentlytoldreportersWerenotincrisismode.”WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999theCDCrealizeditwasavictimofitsownsuccess.Becausehealthofficialshadconqueredmostmosquito-bornediseasesdecadesagomanystatesabolishedtheirmosquito-condivolprograms.TheFedsrushedinwithfunds一some$50millionsince1999plus$31millionmorethisyearalone一todivaininsectresearcherssetupstatetestinglabsandkillofftheannoyinginsects.TheCDCestablishedanewcomputermonitoringsystemandheldsdivategysessionswithstateofficials.Someepidemiologistsquestionthefocus一andthemillions一lavishedonavirusthatskilledfewerthan

20.“TheresanepidemicingunviolencethatstakingmorelivesthanWestNilevirus“saysDr.WilliamSteinmanndirectoroftheTulanceCenterforClinicalEffectivenessandPrevention.ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoingfarmoredamage.Werebasicallybuildingtheinfrasdivucturetodealwiththisoverthenext50years“saysDr.LylePetersonaCDCepidemiologist.Thisisheretostay.”SofartherearenoremediesforWestNile.Officialseventuallyexpectthevirustosettleintoaquietpatternofmildinfectionswithoccasionaloutbreaks.TodobattleathometheCDCrecommendseliminatingstandingwaterandusinginsectspraywithDEET一simpleprecautionsbutthebestdefenseagainstaninvaderthatshowsnosignsofgoingaway.［单选题］

13.CDCconsideredtheoutbreakofWestNilein1999asaconsequenceof.A.theabolitionofthemosquito-condivolprograms.B.thesurvivingmosquito-borneinfections.theabuseofsome$50millioninfunds.itsfailuretoconquermosquito-bornediseases.参考答案A参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第三段第一句和第二句“WhenWestNilehitmanystatesabolishedtheirmosquito一controlprograms由此可知，疾病控制中心的官员意识到，纽约成为西尼罗河病毒大肆传播的牺牲品是因为几十年前，公共卫生官员认为不再会发生以蚊子为传染源的疫病，于是很多州废除了蚊子控制项目，故答案为A项Lastweekalonemorethan100newhumancasesofWestNilewerereported.TheviruswasdetectedasfarwestasColoradoandWyominginfecting371andkilling16peoplein20statesplustheDisdivictofColumbia.ThisyearWestNileappearedearlierinthemosquitoseason一mid-Junein-steadofAugust一andclaimedyoungervictims;theaverageagedroppedfrom65to

54.FederalhealthofficialsarestilldivyingtofigureoutwhybutsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNilepreciselybecausetheyreonthelookoutforit.AsDr.JulieGerberdingthenewdirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseCondivolCDCrecentlytoldreportersWerenotincrisismode.”WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999theCDCrealizeditwasavictimofitsownsuccess.Becausehealthofficialshadconqueredmostmosquito-bornediseasesdecadesagomanystatesabolishedtheirmosquito-condivolprograms.TheFedsrushedinwithfunds一some$50millionsince1999plus$31millionmorethisyearalone一todivaininsectresearcherssetupstatetestinglabsandkillofftheannoyinginsects.TheCDCestablishedanewcomputermonitoringsystemandheldsdivategysessionswithstateofficials.Someepidemiologistsquestionthefocus一andthemillions一lavishedonavirusthatskilledfewerthan

20.“TheresanepidemicingunviolencethatstakingmorelivesthanWestNilevirussaysDr.WilliamSteinmanndirectoroftheTulanceCenterforClinicalEffectivenessandPrevention.ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoingfarmoredamage.Werebasicallybuildingtheinfrasdivucturetodealwiththisoverthenext50years“saysDr.LylePetersonaCDCepidemiologist.Thisisheretostay.”SofartherearenoremediesforWestNile.Officialseventuallyexpectthevirustosettleintoaquietpatternofmildinfectionswithoccasionaloutbreaks.TodobattleathometheCDCrecommendseliminatingstandingwaterandusinginsectspraywithDEET一simpleprecautionsbutthebestdefenseagainstaninvaderthatshowsnosignsofgoingaway.［单选题］

14.FedsclaimedthattheirspendingonWestNilecondivolwasworthwhileinthelongrun.liabletocontinueregardlessofthegreatcost.C.boundtosettletheproblemonceandforall.D.wastefulinviewofthefewvictimsofthedisease.参考答案A参考解析推理判断题根据题干信息定位到第四段第三句和第四句ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoingfarmoredamage•••saysDr.LylePetersonaCDCepidemiologist^由止匕可矢口，联邦调查局认为他们所做出的努力防止了西尼罗河病毒造成更大的危害，而且他们正在建设一些基础设施为未来50年的病毒预防做准备，因此可推断，联邦政府认为为预防病毒蔓延所作出的努力在长远来说是值得的，故A项正确；文中没有提到彻底解决西尼罗河病毒蔓延事件，B、C项说法太武断，故不选；D项混淆对象，是流行病学家认为数百万的资金投入对只导致少数人死亡的病毒来说是一种浪费，而非联邦调查局的观点，故D项错误Lastweekalonemorethan100newhumancasesofWestNilewerereported.TheviruswasdetectedasfarwestasColoradoandWyominginfecting371andkilling16peoplein20statesplustheDisdivictofColumbia.ThisyearWestNileappearedearlierinthemosquitoseason一mid-Junein-steadofAugust一andclaimedyoungervictims;theaverageagedroppedfrom65to

54.FederalhealthofficialsarestilldivyingtofigureoutwhybutsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNilepreciselybecausetheyreonthelookoutforit.AsDr.JulieGerberdingthenewdirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseCondivolCDCrecentlytoldreportersWerenotincrisismode.”WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999theCDCrealizeditwasavictimofitsownsuccess.Becausehealthofficialshadconqueredmostmosquito-bornediseasesdecadesagomanystatesabolishedtheirmosquito-condivolprograms.TheFedsrushedinwithfunds一some$50millionsince1999plus$31millionmorethisyearalone一todivaininsectresearcherssetupstatetestinglabsandkillofftheannoyinginsects.TheCDCestablishedanewcomputermonitoringsystemandheldsdivategysessionswithstateofficials.Someepidemiologistsquestionthefocus——andthemillions——lavishedonavirusthatskilledfewerthan

20.“TheresanepidemicingunviolencethatstakingmorelivesthanWestNilevirus“saysDr.WilliamSteinmanndirectoroftheTulanceCenterforClinicalEffectivenessandPrevention.ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoingfarmoredamage.Werebasicallybuildingtheinfrasdivucturetodealwiththisoverthenext50years“saysDr.LylePetersonaCDCepidemiologist.Thisisheretostay.”SofartherearenoremediesforWestNile.Officialseventuallyexpectthevirustosettleintoaquietpatternofmildinfectionswithoccasionaloutbreaks.TodobattleathometheCDCrecommendseliminatingstandingwaterandusinginsectspraywithDEET一simpleprecautionsbutthebestdefenseagainstaninvaderthatshowsnosignsofgoingaway.［单选题［

15.WhichofthefollowingwouldCDCmostprobablyrecommendA.Healthweighsmorethanwealth.B.Preventionisbetterthancure.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Betterlatethannever.参考答案B参考解析推理判断题根据题干信息定位到最后一段第三句TdobattleathometheCDCrecommendseliminatingstandingwaterandusinginsectspray…”，由此可知，为了消灭家里的病毒，疾病控制中心的官员建议消除死水及使用驱蚊露喷雾杀虫剂，这些虽然只是简单的预防措施，但却是对付西尼罗河病毒的最好的方式，相对于治疗，防患于未然更好，故答案为B项Text4JillKerConwaypresidentofSmithechoestheprevailingviewofcontemporarytechnologywhenshesaysthataanyoneintodaysworldwhodoesntunderstanddataprocessingisnoteducated.”Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.Saysshe:Theverysdivonglyutilitarianemphasisineducationwhichisaneffectofman-madesatellitesandthecoldwarhasreallyremovedfromthisculturesomethingthatwasveryprofoundinits18thand19thcenturyrootswhichwasasensethatliteracyandlearningwereendsinthemselvesforademocraticrepubliCe”IncondivasttoPlatosclaimforthesocialvalueofeducationaquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAgestheyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification一religioussocialeconomicorpolitical.Itspurposetotheextentthatithasoneistopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.“WhatcouldmanacquirebyvirtuoussdivivingthatismorevaluablethanknowledgevaskedErasmusperhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredadivaditionofitsown.Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself“saidJohnDewey.Itisitsownend.”ButwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedonInsimplertimesitwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversitiesQuadriviumarithmeticgeomedivyasdivonomymusicandTriviumgrammarrhetoriclogic.Asrecentlyasthelastcenturywhenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatallstudentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintextsandcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheindivoductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlanguages.Theyfelt“saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdamsJr.theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory“thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollegeandthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.”［单选题］

16.ThefirstparagraphshowsthatJillKerConwayacceptsutilitarianemphasisineducation.A.wholeheartedly.B.withreservation.C.againstherownwill.D.withcontempt.参考答案B参考解析推理判断题根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps”，由此可知，吉尔•克尔•康维坚持认为日渐把重点放在科技上的教育有一些欠缺之处，故答案为B项IncondivasttoPlatosclaimforthesocialvalueofeducationaquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAgestheyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification一religioussocialeconomicorpolitical.Itspurposetotheextentthatithasoneistopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.“WhatcouldmanacquirebyvirtuoussdivivingthatismorevaluablethanknowledgevaskedErasmusperhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredadivaditionofitsown.Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself“saidJohnDewey.Itisitsownend.”ButwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedonInsimplertimesitwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversitiesQuadriviumarithmeticgeomedivyasdivonomymusicandTriviumgrammarrhetoriclogic.Asrecentlyasthelastcenturywhenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatallstudentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintextsandcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheindivoductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlanguages.Theyfelt“saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdamsJr.theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory“thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollegeandthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.”［单选题］

17.EducationforeducationssakewasprobablyopposedbyA.scholarsintheRenaissanceperiod.B.JillKerConway.scholarsintheDarkAges.Plato.参考答案D参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第二段第一句和第二句“IncontrasttoPlatosclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation•••needsnojustification——religioussocialeconomicorpolitical由止匕可知，柏拉图认为教育应该具有社会价值，而文艺复兴时期的人文主义者持有与柏拉图完全不同的观点，他们欣喜于对原本以为在黑暗时代已经消失的古典知识的重新发现，提出知识的传授不应该具有宗教、社会、经济、政治目的而“教育只为教育而生”的观点说明了教育不具有社会性，由此我们可以推断出，文艺复兴时期的人文主义者同意该观点，而柏拉图持相反的观点，故答案为D项IncondivasttoPlatosclaimforthesocialvalueofeducationaquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAgestheyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification一religioussocialeconomicorpolitical.Itspurposetotheextentthatithasoneistopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.uWhatcouldmanacquirebyvirtuoussdivivingthatismorevaluablethanknowledgevaskedErasmusperhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredadivaditionofitsown.Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself“saidJohnDewey.Itisitsownend.”ButwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedonInsimplertimesitwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversitiesQuadriviumarithmeticgeomedivyasdivonomymusicandTriviumgrammarrhetoriclogic.Asrecentlyasthelastcenturywhenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatallstudentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintextsandcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheindivoductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlanguages.Theyfelt“saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdamsJr.theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory“thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollegeandthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.”［单选题］

18.Theideathateducationdivansmitsknowledgeisdatedbackto.theRenaissancehumanists.B.themedievaluniversities.C.the18thcenturysAmericanscholars.D.thecoldwarperiod.参考答案B参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第三段第二句InsimplertimesitwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversitiesQuadriviumarithmeticgeometryastronomymusicandTriviumgrammarrhetoriclogic”，由此可知，在简单时代，中世纪大学向学生传授四门学科算术、几何、天文、音乐和三学科语法、修辞、逻辑的知识，因此判断出教育传授知识的观点可以追溯到中世纪大学，故答案为B项IncondivasttoPlatosclaimforthesocialvalueofeducationaquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAgestheyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification一religioussocialeconomicorpolitical.Itspurposetotheextentthatithasoneistopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.“WhatcouldmanacquirebyvirtuoussdivivingthatismorevaluablethanknowledgevaskedErasmusperhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredadivaditionofitsown.Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself“saidJohnDewey.Itisitsownend.”ButwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedonInsimplertimesitwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversitiesQuadriviumarithmeticgeomedivyasdivonomymusicandTriviumgrammarrhetoriclogic.Asrecentlyasthelastcenturywhenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatallstudentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintextsandcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheindivoductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlanguages.Theyfelt“saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdamsJr.theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory“thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollegeandthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.”［单选题］

19.ItcanbeinferredthatCharlesFrancisAdamsJr..A.devotedhislateryearstoclassicaleducation.wasanadvocateofeducationinhistory.C.wasanopponenttoclassicaleducation.D.regretteddiminishingtheimportanceofthedistinction.参考答案c参考解析推理判断题根据题干信息定位到第三段第四句”…CharlesFrancisAdamsJr.•••devotedhislateryearstowritinghistory-由此可知，小查尔斯•弗兰西斯•亚当斯在晚年致力于历史写作，而不是古典教育，故A项错误；第三段第四句提到…CharlesFrancisAdamsJr.theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory…”，即小查尔斯•弗兰西斯•亚当斯晚年致力于历史写作，他之所以谈论到教育问题，只是古典教育也是影响历史的一个因素，这并不能说明他是历史上的教育倡导者，故不选择B项；最后一段最后一^句中提至U…thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenaman•••wasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy即小查尔斯•弗兰西斯・亚当斯遗憾地说道“他们认为古典教育是区别一个人有没有受过大学教育的重要标准，而且还认为对这个标准的抹杀从根本上来说都是在制造革命，并且很可能使社会陷入混乱”因此可以判断，小查尔斯•弗•兰西斯•亚当斯感到遗憾表明对古典教育持反对观点，故答案为C项；根据C项的分析可知，他对上世纪大学教授认为古典教育是区别一个人有没有受过大学教育的重要标准的观点表示遗憾，而非对区别标准的抹杀表示遗撼，混淆对象，故D项错误IncondivasttoPlatosclaimforthesocialvalueofeducationaquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAgestheyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification—religioussocialeconomicorpolitical.Itspurposetotheextentthatithasoneistopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.“Whatcouldmanacquirebyvirtuoussdivivingthatismorevaluablethanknowledge”askedErasmusperhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredadivaditionofitsown.Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself“saidJohnDewey.Itisitsownend.”ButwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedonInsimplertimesitwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversitiesQuadriviumarithmeticgeomedivyasdivonomymusicandTriviumgrammarrhetoriclogic.Asrecentlyasthelastcenturywhenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatallstudentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintextsandcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheindivoductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlanguages.Theyfelt“saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdamsJr.theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory“thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollegeandthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.”［单选题］

20.AccordingtothethirdparagraphwhichofthefollowingisdivueA.FivepercentofAmericancollegestudentslearntLatintexts.B.StudentsinNewEnglandlearntLatintextsinofficialorganizations.C.StudentswerecompelledtolearnmodernEuropeanlanguages.D.AmericancollegestudentshadtolearnLatingrammarbyheart.参考答案B参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第三段第三句Asrecentlyasthelastcenturywhenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatallstudentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintexts…”由此可知，上世纪美国只有不到5%的人接受大学教育，而是新英格兰的学生们被强迫记忆及背诵各类拉丁文课文，并不是美国大学学生，故A、D项错误；根据A项的分析可知，新英格兰的学生在教育机构学习拉丁文课文，而教育机构属于官方组织，故B项正确；第三段第三句提至U…crustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheintroductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodemEuropeanlanguages即脾气暴躁的大学教授愤怒的反对引进任何新科学发现或者现代欧洲语言，故C项错误PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthendivanslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourdivanslationclearlyonANSWERSHEET

2.［问答题］

21.NeithertheAmericansnortheRussianshavetheresourcestocontinuehumanspaceflightontheirown;bothsidesknowtheyneedeachother.61［ItsmucheasierandcheapertogetusedtoeachotherandtoblenddifferingoperatingstyleslanguagesandsystemsontheagedMiraRussianwordfor“peacethan指的是潮汐电站只能建在潮汐发生频率很高的河流之处，是为潮汐电站做出的规划，排除A和B项虽然scheme有方案的意思，但是plan还有“规划”的意思，即在某事真正进行之前已经详细考虑了实施步骤，选plan更为恰当，故答案为C项Cvariation变化；balance平衡；frequency频率；stability稳定这里指的是潮汐电站只能规划建于潮汐发生次数高的河流入口处，即频率高的地方，故答案为C项A这里指的是潮汐发生频率高的河流入口处的数量很少，这些地方很有限；四个选项中只有small可以修饰number表示“少数的，故答案为A项Ainoperation工作中，使用中；inproduction投人生产；inprocession列队行进；inaction在运转，在操作该句表达的是，潮汐电站位于法国，俄罗斯和中国，即只有法国、俄罗斯和中国在使用潮汐电站，故答案为A项Aspending开支；planning规划过程；financing融资；saving节省此句表达的是两种电站的运转都需要高投入，即高的开支，故答案为A项Dexpenditure花费；benefit益处，利益；cost成本；profit利润此句表达的是两种电站产出的利润都很低，故答案为D项Dexpensively昂贵地；consistently持续地；periodically周期性地；cheaply便宜地该句及下一句中提到的在生产资金方面，潮汐电站也要优于核能和石油电站，说明这两种新能源电站与传统能源电站相比所具有优越性，即耗费的成本低，故答案为D项一Dconveniently方便地；beneficially受益地；advantageously有利地；favorably有利地在生产资金方面，潮汐电站也优于核能和石油电站，故排除A项虽然与其余三个词的意思相似，但是favorably具有几种事物相对之下某物居上的含义，符合潮汐能与其他两种传统能源相比，在资金产出方面居上的意思，故答案为D项Bonaccountof由于因为；intermsof就而论，在方面；regardlessof不管，不顾；inspiteof不管这里明显表达的是在资金产出方面，intermsof正好符合，故答案为B项Alike像一样；except除之夕卜；regarding关于；with介词，和……在一起根据下一句的句意据估计，它们都能够运行100多年，这里指的是两者的相同点，因此这里指的是潮汐电站在使用寿命方面像水力电站一样，都有很长的寿命，故答案为A项Capplication申请；endurance忍耐力；expectancy预期，平均寿命；extension延伸根据下句中提到据估计，潮汐电站和水力电站能运行100年，可知句意表达的是两种电站预期的使用寿命很长，lifeexpectancy意为divyingtodothatwhilejointlybuildinganewspacestation.]NASAinfactcallsitsprogramofshuttleflightstoMirPhase1oftheInternationalSpaceStationISS.Phase2marksthebeginningofactualconsdivuction.TheproceduresusedtodocktheshuttletoMirforexamplealsowillbeusedasalifeboatfortheISS.AndProgressfreightersliketheonethatcrashedintoMirinJunewillhaulcargototheISS.62[OneunintendedbenefitofMirstechnicaldivoublesisthattheyhaveactuallyforcedthetwonationstoworkmuchmorecloselytogetherthantheyhadplanned._Exceptforabriefperiodinthe1970swithSkylabNASAhasneveroperatedaspacestation;theRussianshavebeenrunningthemforyears.Asdivonautshavelongbeendivainedintensivelytoperformspecifictasksonshuttleflightslasting18daysorless.63[Russianasdivonautshoweverlearnmoregeneralskillssincetheyspendmanymonthsinorbitandnoonecanforecastalltheproblemstheymightencounter.]Asaresultofshuttle-MirexperienceNASAisrevisingasdivonautdivainingtoincludemoreofthegeneralskillstheywillneedontheISS.NASAdecidedtosendasdivonautstoMirbasedonitslongrecordofsafeoperation.ButthisyearcrewsaboardMirhavefacedtwoofthemostseriousemergenciesinthehistoryofhumanspaceflight.64[InFebruaryanoxygengeneratorcaughtfireshootingout4-foot-longjetsofflamelike;fireextinguisherswereboltedinplacedelayingreactiontothefire.]InJuneaProgressFreightercollidedwiththeSpekdivmodulepuncturingit.Spekdivhadtobesealedofftopreventalltheairfromleakingfromthespacecraft.65[TheancientcomputerthatcondivolsMirhasfailedmanytimescausingmostothersystemsincludingtheonethatkeepsthestationssolarpanelspointedatthesuntoshutdown.]OnefailureinAugustoccurredwhileaProgresswasdocking.Lastweekthecomputercrashedagainthecarbondioxideremovalsystemshutdownandamysteriousbrownfluid-probablyrocketfuel一appearedtoleakfromthestation.参考答案

61.美俄双方如果能够相互适应并且将不同的操作风格、语言及体制协调起来共同投入老和平号空间站的开发要比双方重新合作建立新的空间站容易得多，并且能够节省更多资金分析句子结构，主干部分是Itsmucheasierandcheaper…than…；it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式togetused…”是真正的主语blend“混合，协调”，jointly“共同地”，tryingtodothat中的that代指上文中的blenddifferingoperatingstyleslanguagesandsystemso）.和平号空间站的技术困难带来了一个未曾想到的好处，即这些技术困难事实上迫使美俄双方的合作比其预想的更加紧密（unintended“非计划中的，未曾想到的“，that引导表语从句，动词用法forcesb.todosth.意为“迫使某人做某事”）.然而俄罗斯宇航员学到更多的普通技术知识，因为他们在轨道中呆了很多个月，即便如此也没有人能够预测他们可能遇到的所有问题（orbit“轨道，forecast预测”，encounter遇到碰到“，since引导原因状语从句）.二月，一台氧气发生器着火喷射出了四英尺长的火苗，而灭火器却卡住了，延误了救火（oxygengenerator”氧气发生器“，fireextinguisher灭火器”，reactionto对••的反应”，注意fireextinguisherswereboltedinplace意译为“灭火器卡住了”）.监控和平号空间站的老掉牙的电脑已经出现很多次故障了，造成其他系统中的大多数停止运转，包括使空间站的太阳能电池板指向太阳的监控系统（fail在此译为“出故障，shutdown停止运作，includingtheonethatkeepsthestationssolarpanelspointedatthesun是插入语，连接起来应该是causingmostothersystemstoshutdown翻译为“造成其他系统中的大多数停止运转”）“预期寿命，预计存在持续的期限”，为固定搭配，故选CBconcentration集中；continuity连续性；conformity对社会规则的遵从；conductivity导电性文章最后一句说水力电站能够持续供电，而且出现了转折连词“however”，由此可知该句和最后一句之间是潮汐电站与水力电站的对比，从而推知该句讲的也是供电的持续性，故答案为B项Bdevelopfrom由，•发展而来；differfrom不同于•••；departfrom违反，背离常规；derivefrom起源于根据下文提到潮汐电站只能间隙性供电，可知这里表达的是两种电吵的不同之处，故答案为B项Cinterchangeably可交换地；immediately立艮口；intermittently间歇地；intensively强烈地根据前文讲到两种电站的不同之处，可推知此处也是表达彼此的不同，最后一句讲到水力电站可以持续供电，与之不同，潮汐电站只可能是间隙性供电，故答案为C项［问答题］

2.Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayonit.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethecartoonbrieflyanalyzethissituationandgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET

2.参考答案【参考范文】TrafficJamFromthecartoonwecanseemanycarsandbusesontheroaddrivingfromdifferentdirections.buttheyallstoppedinthecross.Itisatrafficjam.Thereisnodoubtthattrafficcongestionhasbecomeagrowingconcernsfortheresidentsofmosturbanareas.Somemajorroadsareregularlychokedwithtrafficinrashhours.Thelimitedtransportcapacitycontributeslargelytothevexingproblem.Whenwearestuckintrafficjamsforhourslongwefeelannoyedanddisappointed.Assuchinordertoreducetrafficcongestionweshouldconsideralternativessuchascar-poolingandusingpublictransport.Car-poolingcanbecarriedoutthroughthesharingofcarswithcolleaguesorfriendstotraveltoworkplacesorpickupchildrenatschoolthusreducingtheuseofprivatecars.Besidesusingpublictransportisanotherenvironmentalfriendlyway.Awiderangeofpublictransportationsarealwaysavailableinthecitiessuchastaxibussubwayandsoon.Toavoidbeingstuckintrafficjamspublictransportisthebestoptionasitisveryconvenientandaffordabletoeveryoneinthecities.Alonewecandosolittleunitedwecandosomuch.Everyonetakesactiononhisorherpartwecangoalongwaytohelpreducetrafficcongestioninthecity.Ifweallgettogetherandmakeaneffortwecanmakeabigdifference.【范文点评】写此类文章关键在于领悟图片的深层含义本文第一段对图片进行客观描述；第二段分析图片所影射的社会现象，交通拥挤；第三段表达出你自己对交通拥挤现象的看法，并提出合理化建议；第四段对以上内容进行总结，呼吁大家一起做出努力【闪光词汇】trafficjam交通阻塞nodoubt无疑很可能congestion拥塞choke阻塞vex使恼火Car-pooling共用车辆共享题干题Text1Inflationhasjustexploded.Therealproblemisthatwehaveanunderlyingrateofinflationanimpetusofwageschasingprices—ofmaybe9percentthatisheadingtowards10percent.Therealsohavebeendivemendousshocksinenergyfoodandhousingpricesmakingitworse.Bytheendoftheyearwewillbeinasituationwhereyearinyearoutwecanlookforwardtoatleast10percentinflation.Andthequestionwillbe:HowmuchworsewilloilfoodandhousingpricesmakethatThesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryexdivemechangesinpolicy.Apolicyofgradualismwhereyouretalkingaboutamildrecessionandanother1to2millionpeopleunemployedwontmakemuchdifference.Postponingactionjustmeansthatinflationpressesfurtherandisevenmoredifficulttodealwith.Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryresdivaint.Alltheburdennowisonmonetarypolicy.Weshouldshifttoamuchmoreresdivictiverevenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy.Tobesignificantthe1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed.Thatsamajorcutingovernmentprograms一andveryhardtodo.Itsimpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving.Soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea一includingtheindexedprogramssuchasSocialSecurityandfoodstamps.Stateandlocal-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanothermajorcandidate.Youvealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat.ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecondivolstobreaktheimpetusofthewage-priceinteraction.InordertogetquickresultsIdsetthestandardaround5or6percentforbothwagesandprices.Basicallyyoureaimingtocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear.Therewouldbenoexceptionsbutyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajorlaborsettlements.Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurredcondivolswontwork.Insteadyouneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthoseareas.Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem.Myansweristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodoandinsteadofchoosingamongthemdoallofthem.Wevegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram.［单选题］

1.IntheauthorsopinionthehighinflationrateintheUSwasaccompaniedby.A.energycrises.B.mountingwages.C.housingshortage.D.shrinkingmarket.参考答案B参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句Therealproblemisthatwehaveanunderlyingrateofinflation——animpetusofwageschasingprices一ofmaybe9percentthatisheadingtowards10percent由此可知，真正的问题是，我们国家存在一种潜在的通货膨胀率，可能达到了9%并且正在向10%发展，而这种潜在的通货膨胀率以工资追赶物价的形式表现出来潜在说明随着物价不断上涨，工资也不断上涨，即高通货膨胀率伴随工资上涨而来故答案为B项Bytheendoftheyearwewillbeinasituationwhereyearinyearoutwecanlookforwardtoatleast10percentinflation.Andthequestionwillbe:HowmuchworsewilloilfoodandhousingpricesmakethatThesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryexdivemechangesinpolicy.Apolicyofgradualismwhereyouretalkingaboutamildrecessionandanother1to2millionpeopleunemployedwontmakemuchdifference.Postponingactionjustmeansthatinflationpressesfurtherandisevenmoredifficulttodealwith.Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryresdivaint.Alltheburdennowisonmonetarypolicy.Weshouldshifttoamuchmoreresdivictiverevenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy.Tobesignificantthe1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed.Thatsamajorcutingovernmentprograms一andveryhardtodo.Itsimpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving.Soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea一includingtheindexedprogramssuchasSocialSecurityandfoodstamps.Stateandlocal-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanothermajorcandidate.You^vealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat.ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecondivolstobreaktheimpetusofthewage-priceinteraction.InordertogetquickresultsIdsetthestandardaround5or6percentforbothwagesandprices.Basicallyyoureaimingtocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear.Therewouldbenoexceptionsbutyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajorlaborsettlements.Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurredcondivolswontwork.Insteadyouneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthoseareas.Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem.Myansweristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodoandinsteadofchoosingamongthemdoallofthem.We^vegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram.［单选题］

2.Theonlywaytoreversetheworseningsituationseemstobeapolicyofgradualism.sacrificeofpublicinterests.radicalchangesofpolicy.D.postponingofdrasticactions.参考答案c参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位第三段第一句Thesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryextremechangesinpolicy.”由止匕可矢口，情况已经恶化到了一定程度，唯一能够使其好转的方法是在政策方面想出一些极为激进的变化，采取某些极为激进的政策是扭转局势的唯一方式；C项中的radical意为“激进的”，故答案为c项Bytheendoftheyearwewillbeinasituationwhereyearinyearoutwecanlookforwardtoatleast10percentinflation.Andthequestionwillbe:HowmuchworsewilloilfoodandhousingpricesmakethatThesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryexdivemechangesinpolicy.Apolicyofgradualismwhereyouretalkingaboutamildrecessionandanother1to2millionpeopleunemployedwontmakemuchdifference.Postponingactionjustmeansthatinflationpressesfurtherandisevenmoredifficulttodealwith.Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryresdivaint.Alltheburdennowisonmonetarypolicy.Weshouldshifttoamuchmoreresdivictiverevenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy.Tobesignificantthe1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed.Thatsamajorcutingovernmentprograms一andveryhardtodo.Itsimpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving.Soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea一includingtheindexedprogramssuchasSocialSecurityandfoodstamps.Stateandlocal-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanothermajorcandidate.Youvealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat.ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecondivolstobreaktheimpetusofthewage-priceinteraction.InordertogetquickresultsIdsetthestandardaround5or6percentforbothwagesandprices.Basicallyyoureaimingtocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear.Therewouldbenoexceptionsbutyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajorlaborsettlements.Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurredcondivolswontwork.Insteadyouneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthoseareas.Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem.Myansweristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodoandinsteadofchoosingamongthemdoallofthem.Wevegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram.［单选题］

3.Wecanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthat.asubstantialcutinannualrevenueiscalledfor.defenseandsocialwelfareprogramsshouldundergocuts.weshouldleaveintactprogramsforbetteringpeoplesliving.D.weshouldexerciselesscondivolovermonetarypolicy.参考答案A参考解析细节理解题根据题干信息定位到第四段第四句“Tbesignificantthe1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed”由止匕可以看出，为了达到显著的效果，1981年卡特总统提议6160亿的政府预算应该至少减少200亿，即应该大量减少税收的货币政策来改善通货膨胀情况，故A项符合文意；第四段最后一句提到Itsimpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving”由止匕可矢口，不可能通过减少国防投入和节省改善大众生活条件项目的资金来减少政府预算，B项意思相反，表述错误；第四段只是提到不能节省大众生活条件项目的资金，但没有关于如何改善人民生活的表述，故C项属于无中生有；第四段第一句提至UYouhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryrestraint”即为了控制通货膨胀，我们首先要约束国家税收及货币政策，而D项认为减少对货币政策的限制，故排除D项Bytheendoftheyearwewillbeinasituationwhereyearinyearoutwecanlookforwardtoatleast10percentinflation.Andthequestionwillbe:HowmuchworsewilloilfoodandhousingpricesmakethatThesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryexdivemechangesinpolicy.Apolicyofgradualismwhereyouretalkingaboutamildrecession。