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Lesson62:Afterthefire大火之后Firstlistenandthenanswerthequestion.听录音,然后回答以下问题WhatwasthedangertothevillagesafterthefireFiremenhadbeenfightingtheforestfornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.Ashorttimebeforegreattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.Nowsmokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestructionforheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputouttheforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.Theplaneshadbeenplantingseedfornearlyamonthwhenitbegantorain.Bythenhoweverinmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语control[kantraul]n.控制smoke[smauk]n.烟desolate[desalatdes^leit]adj.荒凉的threaten[0ret3n]v.威胁surrounding[saraundir]]adj.周围的destruction[distrAkJan]n.破坏毁灭flood[flAd]n.洪水,水灾authority[j/ODrsti]n.(常用复数)当局grass-seed[gra ssi:d]n草籽lO.spray[sprei]v.喷撒.quantity[kwDntati]n.量.root[ru:trut]n.根.century[sentjuri]n.世名己.patch[paetjln.小片.blacken[blaekan]v.变黑,发暗参考译文消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住就在不久之前参天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的土地而现在,发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾,弥漫在荒凉的山丘上冬季即将来临,这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁,因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤,而且还会引起严重的水灾在大火最后被扑灭后,森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上飞机撒播近一个月后,开始下起雨来然而到那时,很多地方的草已经生了根一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上,代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树eg.Ilikehimnonetheworseforsuchfault.我不会因为他有这样的缺点而讨厌他since(既然)语气较弱,强调已知的事实eg.SinceyoucantanswerthequestionIwillasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不出这个问题,我就问别人了because通常表示直接的原因because引导的从句表示直接而明确的原因和理由,表示按因果关系的推断,语气很强,用来回答why的问题,一般位于主句之后eg.Wecouldntgooutbecauseitwastoocold.因为天气太冷,我们不能外出nowthat(既然)与since相似,语气较弱,强调人们已知的事实eg.Nowthatyouarebusyletmedoitforyou.既然你很忙,就让我给你做吧as意为“因为、由于“,语气比because弱,所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由,其从句一般放在主句前eg.Asitwaslatewecamebacksoon.由于时间很晚了,我们很快就回来了区别since和nowthat表示事物发展的自然结果,特别是当对方大概已经了解其原因的情况下使用,表示既成事实的原因,一般位于主句之前注意for是并列连词,引出的原因较间接,似乎是事后所想到的补充解释的理由,只陈述一般推断的理由,不一定表示产生结果的必然原因,主要放在两个并列句之间,because通常表示直接的原因washaway冲走由away构成的动词短语walkaway走开hurryaway匆匆离开lookaway四处张望takeaway拿走moveaway离开goaway走开soiln.土壤eg.Olivertreescangrowinpoorsoil.橄榄树在贫瘠的土壤上也能生长[扩展]ground土地,地面eg.Theballfelltotheground.球掉到地上了Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputouttheforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.whichwouldgrowquickly.(定语从句)orderv.1)命令,吩咐,指令ordersb.todosth.eg.Thechairmanorderedsilence.主席要求安静下来eg.Thedoctororderedmetostayinbed.医生吩咐我卧床休息2)定购,预定(=bookvt.)eg.Wedonthavethebookinstockbutwecanorderit.这书我们没有存货,但是可以预定3)(在旅馆,饭店等)叫(饭菜,饮料等)eg.Iveorderedasteak.我要了一份牛排eg.Tveorderedyoueggandchips.我给你要了鸡蛋和炸土豆条ordersb.about/around不断驱使做ordersb.off(体)罚退场;勒令退出比赛ordersb.out下令出动(军警)(尤为平息暴乱等)Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.inhuge/largequantities大量Theplaneshadbeenplantingseedfornearlyamonthwhenitbegantorain.plant/sowseed播种gotoseed/runtoseed(指植物)花谢结子;(喻)衰败;(能力,效力等)减弱eg.Hestartedtodrinktoomuchandgraduallyrantoseed.他喝酒过多,身体逐渐衰弱了Bythenhoweverinmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.看到“by”经常用完成时态Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.whichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturies定语从句,“一直生长着“inplaceof代替+n./pron./doingeg.Wontyougoinplaceofme你不愿意来代替我吗?inone、place代替某人eg.JanecouldntgosoIattendedtheconferenceinherplace.简不能出席会议,我代替她去了inplace适当的,在适当的位置上eg.Iliketohaveeverthinginplace.我喜欢样样事都能恰得其所outofplace不得其所eg.Herdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.他的衣服和这个仪式格格不入appeareg.Thead.willappearintomorrowspaper.这广告将出现在明天的报纸上eg.Herlatestbookwillappearsoon.她的新书很快就会出版的[Keystructure]过去完成进行时hadbeen+v-ing表示过去某时以前一直在进行的一个动作eg.Ithadbeenrainingfortwodays.Thefieldswereallunderwater.已经下了两天雨田地都被水淹了eg.Nobodyknewwhatthisrascalhadbeendoingalltheseyears.没有人知道这个流氓这几年一直在干什么eg.Theyputanendtothemiserablelifewehadbeenliving.他们结束了我们苦难的生活eg.Theysaidtheyhadbeenhavingafriendlymatchwithourschoolteam.他们说他们一直在和我们的队进行友谊比赛eg.IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.这个东西,我找了很多天才找着(在这之前一直在找)eg.Theyhadonlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.他只等了不多一会,公共汽车就来了eg.Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered.电话铃响了三分钟,才有人接(接之前一直响了三分钟)eg.Hewastired.Hehadbeenworkingallday.他累了,他工作了一整天注意和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时后也可接“突然”意义的从句(此从句用一般过去时)eg.Ihadonlybeenreadingafewminuteswhenhecamein.我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了eg.Shehadonlybeenstudyingherlessonfor10minuteswhenherlittlesisterinterruptedher.她温习功课不过10分钟,她的小妹妹就把她打断了[SpecialDifficulties](omitted)control/checkgreat/bigsoil/ground【生词讲解】control[kantraul]n.控制1控制,管理controlofsb./sth.controloversb./sth.控制,支配childrenwholackparentalcontrol缺乏父母管教的孩子eg.Hegotsoangrythathelostcontrolofhimself.他气得无没自制beincontrolofsth.指挥,管理或控制=inchargeofeg.Whoisincontrolofinchargeoftheplan谁负责这个计划?bringsthundercontrol/getsthundercontrol控制住某事beundercontrol在控制之中eg.thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.火势已受到控制eg.Dontworry.Everythingisundercontrol.别担心,一切尽在控制之中beoutofcontrol/getoutofcontrol失去控制eg.Thechildrenwereoutofcontrol.管不住这些孩子eg.Thefirewasoutofcontrol大火失去了控制vt.管理,控制,操纵,支配controlsb./sth.controlprices操纵价格controltraffic管理交通eg.Icantcontrolmyemotions/feelings.我不能控制自己的感情controllern.尤指大机构中部门的负责人smoke[smsuk]n.烟n•烟vamporcomingfromsth.thatisburninghaveasmoke/enjoyasmoke抽——支烟eg.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪smoke-bomb烟幕弹endupinsmoke/goupinsmoke计划等成泡影,化为乌有v.吸烟eg.Youcantsmokeinthisplace.你不能在这吸烟eg.Hesmokedapipe.他吸烟斗eg.Shesmokes20cigarettesaday.他每天吸20支烟smoker抽烟的人(可数)aheavysmoker/achainsmoker烟抽的多的人)v.冒烟asmokingvolcano冒烟的火山eg.Thechimneyisornamentalandneversmokes.这烟囱是用来装饰的,从来不冒烟desolate[des^latdes^leit]adj.荒凉的adj.荒凉的,荒芜的(aplacedesertedormiserable)adesolatehill荒凉的小山adesolateindustrialarea工业废墟adj.(指人)凄凉无友的孤凄的(lonelyandsadmiserable)adesolateperson;一个凄凉的人adesolatelife;凄凉的一生eg.Weallfeltextremelydesolatewhensheleft.他离开时,我们都感到很凄凉v.[desoleit]使……沦为废墟,使荒凉,使……悲伤绝望(尤用于被动语态)acitydesolatedbycivilwar因内战而荒凉的城市afamilydesolatedbythelossofachild失去一个孩子而悲伤绝望的家庭desolation[u]n.荒凉,破坏;凄凉,孤寂thedesolationcausedbywar战争弓I起的破坏desolatelyadv.荒凉地threaten[Oretsn]v.威胁v.恐吓,威胁threatensb.with...以恐吓(人)threatenanemployeewithdismissal用解雇威胁一个员工threatensb.withagun持枪威胁eg.Therobberthreatenedmewithagun.歹徒持枪威胁我eg.Thehillsthreatenthevillageswithdestruction.山丘给村庄带来毁灭性的威胁threatentodosth.恐吓说要eg.Hethreatenedtomakethephotopublic.他恐吓说要把照片公之于众v.threatentodosth.有……恶兆(似将发生不好的事情)(坏事)迫近eg.Ittheatenstosnow.天要下雪了eg.Atyphoonwasthreatening.台风迫近threatn.恐吓,威胁anemptythreat虚张声势Dutchdefense(不是“荷兰人的防御”)虚张声势(英国人与荷兰人的17世纪海上竞争)[关于Dutch一词的补充说明](可省略)Dutchbargin双方在酒桌上达成的交易beattheDutch了不起,令人吃惊dotheDutch/Dutchact自杀Dutchcomfort退一步想得到的安慰Doutchcourage匹夫之勇GoDutchAA制Dutchconcert各唱各调的音乐会Dutchtreat各自付费的聚餐或娱乐活动Dutchuncle严厉的训斥者inDutch处于困境,失宠DoubleDutch/doubletalk莫名其妙的话eg.Terrorismisathreattotheentirehumanrace.恐怖主义是对全人类的威胁underthreatofpunishment在处罚的威胁下(under后不加冠词)threateningadj.恐吓的,威胁的surrounding[saraundir]]adj.周围的surroundv.围绕,包围,围住eg.Troopshavesurroundedthetown.军队包围了这座城市eg.Heliketosurroundhimselfwithbeauties.他喜欢泡在脂粉堆里eg.Thewallsurroundsthejail.=Thejailissurroundedwiththewall.=Thejailissurroundedbythewall.监狱被围墙围着eg.Mysterysurroundstheactresssdeath.这个女演员的死亡笼罩着神秘的色彩surroundingadj.周围的thesurroundingvillages周围的村庄Beinjingandthesurroundingcountryside北京及其近交Bsurroundings(pl.)n.周围的物体,条件等环境eg.Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbysurroundings.没有人能避免不被环境影响eg.Tdliketobringupmychildinhealthysurroundings.我想在健康的环境里抚养孩子destruction[distrAkJan]n.[u]破坏,毁灭反义词constructionthedestructionofatownbyatidalwave海啸毁掉的小镇eg.Thestormcausedgreatdestruction.风暴造成了巨大的破坏thetotaldestructionofTangshanbyanearthquake地震给唐山造成的彻底毁灭eg.Drinkwashisdestruction.是酒毁了他destructiveadj毁灭性的thedestructiveforceofthestorm暴风造成的毁灭力量adestructiveearthquake毁灭性的地震eg.Themissilehasgreatdestructivepower.导弹具有极大的毁灭力destructibleadj可破坏的,可摧毁的destroyvt.破坏毁坏eg.Thefiredestroyedthewholeforest.大火毁了整个森林eg.Allmyhopesweredestroyedbyhisletterofrefusal.我的希望被他的拒绝毁了destroyer破坏者;驱逐舰flood[flAd]n.洪水,水灾n浇水,水灾theFlood(Bible中记载上帝借以惩罚人类的)洪水beforetheFlood远古时代(源自《圣经•旧约•创世纪》)eg.WewontforgettheterriblefloodinChinain
1998.我们不会忘记1998年的大洪水的n.多,大批,大量afloodofletters大量的信件eg.Thechildwasinfloodsoftears.孩子哭成泪人了3)v.淹没,泛滥eg.Theriverhasfloodedthesurroundingarea.这条河淹没了周围的地区eg.Everyspringtheriverfloodsthefields.每年春天,这条河都要淹没田野4)v.(人,物)涌到(某场所),(光线,声音)充满(某场所)eg.JapanesecarshavefloodedtheAmericanmarket.日本汽车充斥着美国市场eg.Lettersofthanksfloodedin.感谢信源源不断地涌入eg.Requestsforinformationfloodedtotheoffice.Theofficewasfloodedwithrequestsforinformation.索取资料的信函电话大量涌入办公室8-authority[D*0Drati]n.常用复数当局n.当局,官方pl.theforestauthorities森林管理当局thehealthauthorities卫生当局theschoolauthorities学校当局n.[u]权威,权力eg.Presidentisofgreatauthority.总统有至高无上的权力eg.Teachersshouldhavegreaterauthorityovertheirstudents.教师对学生应该有更高的权威eg.Whoisauthorityhere这由谁来主管?n.[c]权威人士;来源eg.SheisanauthorityonSpanish.她是西班牙语的权威人士eg.Iknowitongoodauthority.我根据可靠消息来源得知这件事authoritative口:‘心ritotiv]adj.有权力的,当局的,有权威的,可依赖的authorize[b:0araiz]v.授权给eg.Heauthorizedthemanaschairman.他授权给这个人当主席
9.grass-seed[*gra:ssi:d]n.草籽grassn.草abladeofgrass/aleafofgrass一片•草叶feedgrasstocows给牛吃草grazen草地keepoffthegrass请勿践踏草地grassroots群众letthegrassgrowunderonesfeet懈怠seedn.[c]种子partofplantsunflowerseeds葵花籽n.[u]种植,喂鸟等的种子quantityoftheseforplantingfeedingbirds3n.[c]根本,原因eg.Hissuddendeathsowedseedsoftroubleinhisfamily.他猝然去世,给家族埋下了纠纷的祸根.spray[sprei]v.喷撒vt.喷洒,喷于spraypaintonthefurniture给家具喷上漆afamersprayedhiscropswithpesticide一个给庄稼喷杀虫剂的农民egShesprayedwaterintheshirtbeforeironingit.=Shesprayedtheshirtwithwaterbeforeironing.她在熨烫前给衬衫洒上水n.喷雾器;喷液insectspray喷液杀虫剂
11.quantity[kwDntati]n.量n.大小,质量[u]quantityandquality重量和质量n.数目,数量[c][u]eg.Asmallquantityoffurnitureispaintedblue.alargequantityof大量的可修饰可数名词、不可数名词,谓语用单数eg.Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.这儿需要大量的人inquantity/inlargequantities大量的inasmallquantity/insmallquantities少量的quantitiesof+[c][u]谓语用复数eg.Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.桌上有大量的食物
12.root[ru:trut]n.根n.根[c]同音词routetherootofatreepullupaplantbytheroot把植物连根拔起n.根源,原因therootcauseofsth根本原因therootoftheproblem问题的根源eg.Theloveofmoneyistherootofallevil.崇拜金钱乃万恶之源putdownnewroots在新的地方立足rootandbranch完全地,彻底地3v.使……生根,使……扎根eg.Doesthisplantrooteasily这种植物容易生根吗?.century[sentjuri]n.世纪指耶稣基督去世以前或以后的每100年的期间the20lhcentury公元1900-1999年21stCentury21世纪报attheturnofthecentury在世纪之交eg.Wehaveenteredthe21stcentury.我们已经进入了21世纪centuriesago几个世纪之前.patch[paetjln.小片ln.补丁,布片pants/trousersfullofpatches打满补丁的裤子eg.Myjeansneedpatchesontheknees.我的牛仔裤需要补一下n.小块,小片patchesofgreen小块的绿地patchesofsunlight斑驳的阳光n.小块地avegetablepatch小菜园v.修补eg.Shepatchedtheholeinthetrousers.她补好了裤子上的洞patchwork拼凑之物
15.blacken[blaekan]v.使变黑,使发暗,损害,诽谤以-en结尾的动词blackentightenloosenwhitendeependarkenbroadenshortenquickenworsenthicken...-en与表示或描述性质或状态的名词,形容词结合,构成动词,描述使某物具有特定性质或处于特定状态的活动过程【课文讲解】Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.hadbeenfighting在过去的三周一直在和大火搏斗fightthefire和大火搏斗fightforliberation为解放而战fightagainstcancer与癌症作斗争fightagoodfight打一场漂亮的仗haveafight打架战斗winafight赢得一场战斗loseafight输掉一场战斗get...undercontrol=bring...undercontrolcontrolvt.管理egHecontrolsalargecompany.他管理一家大公司[扩展]checkv.检查eg.Amechaniccheckedmycarengine.一位技师检查了我的汽车引擎Ashorttimebeforegreattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.ashorttimebefore不久以前=ashortwhilebefore=notlongbeforegreattrees参天大树greatadj.大的,伟大的(除了大还有“重要的”含义)eg.TheParthenonisagreat(important)building.帕台农神殿(希腊用以祭祀雅典娜女神的神庙)是座重要的建筑bigadj.大的(一般用语,没有“重要的”含义)eg.Skyscrapersarebigbuildings.摩天大楼是大型的建筑coverv.覆盖,遮掩eg.Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.她用手捂住脸eg.Dustcoveredhisdesk.灰尘覆盖了他的桌面becoveredwitheg.Ourappletreeiscoveredwithfruit.我们的苹果树果实累累Nowsmokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.riseupfrom从向上升起risetoonesfeet站起身来risefromthetable(吃完饭)离开餐桌riseintheworld出头发迹,飞黄腾达risetoaheightof200meters上升到200米的高度ariseinlife晋升发迹,出头theriseandfalloftheRomanEmpire罗马帝国的兴衰Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestructionforheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.comeon开始,来临,用于指时间,季节等自然情况的出现eg.Itcameontorain.(Theraincameon)雨季来临了[补充说明]for是并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前一分句补充说明理由eg.Itmustbemorningforthebirdsaresinging.一定是清晨了,因为鸟儿在叫for+名词,因理由,为了eg.Shewasangrywithhimforbeinglate她因为他迟到而生气eg.Hejumpedforjoyatthenews.听到这个消息他高兴地蹦了起来。