还剩17页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I卷)英语学科第一部分阅读(满分30分)略第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题
2.5分,满分
37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、I)四个选项中选出最佳选项ABikeRentalGuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdamwelcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomicalsustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecitywithitsbeautifulcanalsparkssquaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocationsweadiscussiontheaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstancetheaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.DidtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimatesDidtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirmindsThishappenedsomeofthetimebutitwasntthedominantresponse.Mostfrequentlythegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.Somehowtheseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyaboutA.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeopleserrors.D.ThedesignofGaltonsexperiment.Navajasstudyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependentWhatdidthefollow-upstudyfocusonA.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardNavajasstudiesA.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.第二节(共5小题;每小题
2.5分满分
12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestepbutdontbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.36Youcanusethefoilowningwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.InajournaloronapieceofpaperputtheheadinguPersonalstrengths.”37AreyoucaringCreativeGenerousAgoodlistenerFuntobearoundTheydonthavetobeworld-changingjustaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyoureproudof.Atthetopofasecondpageputtheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisonelistallthepositivethingsyouvedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomeworkwhenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingaskedorwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.38Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.39Thatwayyoucouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infactdontwaituntilyouvemadeamistaketotrythis一itsagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.Itssomethingofacliche(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingisitstrue.40Wereallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.Itsjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.Itdoesntmeanyouhavetoignorewhatshappenedorforgetit.Whateveritisnomatterhowsmallitmightseemwriteitdown.Whateverthemistakerememberitisntafixedaspectofyourpersonality.第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项OnOct.11hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave41thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her42camebecauseshewascarryinga43acrossthefinishline.AsreportedbyalocalnewspaperBaileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher44whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She45tohelpherfellowrunnerDanielleLenoue.Baileytookheramtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith
46.Shecouldnt.Baileythen47toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishlinethenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget48attention.OncethereLenouewas49andlatertakentoahospitalwhereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme50tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBaileyshelp.AsforBaileysheismore51aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig
52.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldnt53her”Baileytoldthereporter.IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe54theyvesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontheracebutthe55ofhumankindnesswontheday.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finishedA.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuseA.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competitorA.raceB.schoolC.townD.trainingA.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promisedA.courageB.aidC.patienceD.adviceA.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.bentdownA.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equalA.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.appreciatedA.hungerB.painC.coldD.tirednessA.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discouragedA.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal第二节(共10小题;每小题L5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Xiaolongbaosoupdumplingsthoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot56tastesoupandsweetfreshmeatarefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatoneyouhavetodecidewhether57biteasmallholeinitfirstreleasingthestreamandriskingaspill溢出,58toputthewholedumplinginyourmouthlettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe59recognizehomeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghaosbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoupandthewrappersarepressed60handratherthanrolled.NanxiangasidethebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskinallowingthem61liftoutofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof62theycontents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith63touchofsweetnessandthesouphotclearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythemonesteameris64rareenoughyettwoseemsgreedysoIamalwaysleft65wantmorenexttime.第三部分写作共两节,满分40分第一节满分15分假定你是李华,外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题请你给外教写一封邮件,内容包括
1.说明问题;2提出建议注意
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答DearRyanImLiHuafromClass
3.Yourssincerely.LiHua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文WhenIwasinmiddleschoolmysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontestIsaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazilsoEnglishwasonlymysecondlanguage.WritingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplaywhereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.SowhydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofailHisreply:“BecauseIloveyourstories.IfyourewillingtoapplyyourselfIthinkyouhaveagoodshotatthis.EncouragedbyhiswordsIagreedtogiveitatry.IchosePaulRevereshorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith(银匠)inBostonwhorodeahorseatnightonApril181775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritishsoldierswerecoming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorsesmouth.Notabrilliantideabutfunnyandunlikelytobeanyoneelseschoice.WhatdidthehorsethinkasspedthroughthenightDidhegettiredHavedoubtsDidhewanttoquitIsympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.ButlikerevereshorseIkeptgoing.Iworkedhard.Icheekedmyspelling.Iaskedmyoldersistertocorrectmygrammar.Icheckedoutahalf-dozenbooksonpaulReverefromthelibrary.Ievenreadafewofthem.WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacherhereaditlaughedoutloudandsaid“Great.Nowwriteitagain.Iwroteitagainandagainandagain.WhenIfinallyfinisheditthethoughtofwinninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidntwin.Iwouldntcare.注意
1.续写词数应为150个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答makesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevarietyincludingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseatsandchildrensbikes.PricesGuidedCityToursThe
2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmilltheSkinnyBridgetheRijksmuseumHeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehourstartingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.WhatisanadvantageofMacBikeA.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itofoffersmanytypesofbikes.AfewweekslaterwhenIalmostforgotthecontesttherecamethemews.Iwenttomyteacherofficeaftertheawardpresentation.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2500rentalshops.HowmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodaysA.€
15.
75.B.€
19.
50.C.€
22.
75.D.€
29.
50.WheredoestheguidedcitytourstartA.TheGooyerWindmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.BWhenJohnToddwasachildhelovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouseobservinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystreamforexampleoftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.WhenhegotolderJohnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.AfterstudyingagriculturemedicineandfisheriesincollegeJohnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicalsWiththerightcombinationofanimalsandplantshefiguredmaybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).Firstheconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittlethesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.AfterafewweeksJohnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeksithadallbeendigestedandallthatwasleftwaspurewater.OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhouacityinsoutheastChina.uEcologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor“hesays.Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhatshappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsHewasfondoftraveling.Heenjoyedbeingalone.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanksA.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.WhatistheauthorspurposeinmentioningFuzhouA.ToreviewJohnsresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohnsidea.C.TocompareJohnsdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohnsinvention.WhatisthebasisforJohnsworkNaturecanrepairitself.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.LifeonEarthisdiverse.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalismincludingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworksandthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideitsrightforyou.TodosoIdividedthebookintotwoparts.InpartoneIdescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalismstartingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeoplesdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerablebeforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydaysyouwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.InthefinalchapterofpartoneI11guideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.IndoingsoI11drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You11heartheseparticipants^storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthemandwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.InthesechaptersIexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpracticeswhicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.WhatisthebookaimedatA.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3meanA.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.WhatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartoneA.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwoA.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.DOnMarch71907theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecasestheaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrorsthoseerrorsarentalwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimateandsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogethertheycanceleachotheroutresultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrorsthentheirerrorswontcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicaltermsthewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeoplesestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhatererreasonspeopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependenttheaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.ThekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveHandBrakeThreeGearsFootBrakeNoGears1hour€
7.50€
5.003hours€
11.00€
7.501day(24hours)€
14.75€
9.75Eachadditionalday€
8.00€
6.00。