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2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考全国I卷)英语学科本试卷共12页考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回注意事项
1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0・5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀第一部分听力(1・20小题)在笔试结束后进行第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题
2.5分,满分
37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABikeRentalGuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdamwelcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomicalsustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecitywithitsbeautifulcanalsparkssquaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocationswemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevarietyincludingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(杀!J车)bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡)bikeswithchildseatsandchildrensbikes.Prices“不要太自责”相似选项DItsjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近,起承上启下的作用故选D【17题详解】根据空前内容“InajournaloronapieceofpaperputtheheadingPersonalstrengths.(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点)”以及空后内容“AreyoucaringCreativeGenerousAgoodlistenerFuntobearoundTheydonthavetobeworld-changingjustaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyoureproud£(你有爱心吗?有创造力吗?你慷慨吗?是一个好的倾听者?与人相处很有趣吗?它们不一定要改变世界,只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知,空处指的是歹U出一些你个性中的优点选项B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)符合上下文内容,下文内容具体解释那些是优点故选B【18题详解】根据上文内容“AtthetopofasecondpageputtheheadingActsofkindness.Onthisonelistallthepositivethingsyouvedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomeworkwhenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingaskedorwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二页的顶部写上“善举”的标题在这张单子上列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候,当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候,或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知,本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事选项FuWhateveritisnomatterhowsmallitmightseemwriteitdown.(不管是什么,不管它看起来有多小,都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致,讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小,只要是好的事情,都记下来故选F【19题详解】根据空后内容uThatwayyoucouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(这样,你们就可以交换意见,谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同,以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知,空处提到了某种方式,这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等选项C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境,C项中的“they”与空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容)”中的“afiendorfamilymember”保持一致,同时选项C和下文“Infactdontwaituntilyouvemadeamistaketotrythis—itsagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事实上,不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个一一这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致故选C【20题详解】根据空前内容Itssomethingofacliche(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingisitstrue.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习,而是从他们的错误中学习,这是陈词滥调但事实是,这是真的)”可知,作者认为人是从错误中学习选项GuWhateverthemistakerememberitisntafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么错误,记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境G项中的isn9tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后内容“Wereallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致,指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长故选G第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项OnOct.11hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave21thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her22camebecauseshewascarryinga23acrossthefinishline.AsreportedbyalocalnewspaperBaileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher24whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She25tohelpherfellowrunnerDanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith
26.Shecouldnt.Baileythen27toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishlinethenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget28attention.OncethereLenouewas29andlatertakentoahospitalwhereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme30tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBaileyshelp.AsforBaileysheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig
32.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldnt33her“Baileytoldthereporter.IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe
34.theyvesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontheracebutthe35ofhumankindnesswontheday.【导语】本文是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中,MelanieBailey背着另一个参赛者DanielleLenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举[21题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意MelanieBailey应该更早完成比赛A.designed设计;B.followed跟随;C.changed改变;D.finished完成根据下一段的“carriedherallthewaytothefinishlinethenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget8attention”可知,Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者,所以完成比赛晚了,因此句子表示“MelanieBailey应该更早完成比赛”故选D【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线A.delay延误;B.chance机会;C.trouble麻烦;D.excuse借口根据上文“MelanieBaileyshouldhave1thecourseearlierthanshedid”和上一题的解析可知,MelanieBailey应该更早完成比赛,她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线故选A【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线A.judge裁判;B.volunteer志愿者;C.classmate同学;D.competitor参赛者根据第一段的uhundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知,她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线故选D【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意据当地一家报纸报道,当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候,她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣A.race比赛;B.school学校;C.town城镇;D.training训练根据第一段的hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知,此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”故选A【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意她停下来帮助她的同伴DanielleLenoueA.agreed同意;B.returned回来;C.stopped停止;D.promised答应根据下文utohelpherfellowrunnerv可知,她停下来帮助她的同伴DanielleLenoue故选C【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意Bailey扶着她的胳膊,看看她能否帮助下向前走A.courage勇气;B.aid帮助;C.patience耐心;D.advice建议根据上文“Baileytookherarm”可知,此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走故选B【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析句意然后Bailey弯下腰,让Lenoue爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了300英尺,到Lenoue接受治疗的地方A.wentaway离开;B.stoodup站起来;C.steppedaside让路;D.bentdown弯腰根据下文“letLenoueclimbontoherback可知,Bailey弯下腰,让勒诺爬到她的背上故选D【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意然后Bailey弯下腰,让Lenoue爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了300英尺,到Lenoue接受治疗的地方A.medical医疗的;B.public公众的;C.constant持续不断的;D.equal平等的根据上文“begancryinginpain”可知DanielleLenoue很疼,所以是要接受治疗medicalattention意为“医疗救助”故选Ao【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意Lenoue在那里接受了检查,后来被送往医院,在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤A.interrupted打断;B.assessed评估;C.identified识别;D.appreciated感激根据下文“latertakentoahospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受评估故选B【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意如果没有Bailey的帮助,她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站A.hunger饥饿;B.pain疼痛;C.cold感冒;D.tiredness疲劳根据第5空前的“begancryinginpain”可知,此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助,她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”故选B【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意至于Bailey她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事A.worried担心的;B.ashamed惭愧的;C.confused困惑的;D.discouraged泄气的根据下文feellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing可知,Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情,所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑故选C【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意至于Bailey她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事A.game游戏;B.problem问题;C.lesson课;D.deal交易,局面根据下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知,Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑,abigdeal意为“非常重要的事”故选D【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意我不能离开她A.leave离开;B.cure治愈;C.bother打扰;D.understand理解根据上文“Shewasjustcrying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了300英尺可知,Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊,所以觉得不能离开她故选A【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人,但后来她们成了朋友A.ride短途旅程;B.test测试;C.meet体育比赛;D.show展示根据第一段^hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace^及空前的uthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbefore可知,当时是一场比赛,句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”故选C【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意两人都没有赢得比赛,但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利A.secret秘密;B.display展示;C.benefit利益;D.exchange交换根据第二段的“letLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishlinethenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget8attention”可知,Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点,并背她去接受检查,这展示了人类的善良故选B第二节共10小题海小题
1.5分,满分15分阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Xiaolongbaosoupdumplingsthoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot36tastesoupandsweetfreshmeatarefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatoneyouhavetodecidewhether37biteasmallholeinitfirstreleasingthestreamandriskingaspill溢出38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouthlettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe39recognizehomeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghaosbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoupandthewrappersarepressed40handratherthanrolled.NanxiangasidethebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskinallowingthem41liftoutofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42theycontents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandthesouphotclearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythemonesteameris44rareenoughyettwoseemsgreedysoIamalwaysleft45wantmorenexttime.【答案】
36.tastytobiteor
39.recognized
40.by
41.tobelifted
42.their
43.a
44.rarely
45.wanting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包,讲述了小笼包美味,发源地以及制作方法等等【36题详解】考查形容词句意小笼包汤包,那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃形容词需修饰后面的名词soup汤,故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty【37题详解】考查非谓语动词句意吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸decidetodosth“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面toput并列作宾语,故填tobite【38题详解】考查连词句意吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸whether…or…”是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填or【39题详解】考查非谓语动词句意上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语故填recognized【40题详解】考查介词句意在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同一一更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的byhand“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填by[41题详解】考查非谓语动词句意除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西根据搭配allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语liftout与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式tobeliftedo故填tobeliftedo【42题详解】考查代词句意除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词theiro故填theiro[43题详解】考查冠词句意肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的atouchof“一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数故填a【44题详解】考查副词句意无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely【45题详解】考查非谓语动词句意无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买分析句子可知,此处考查“leavesb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wantingo故填wantingo第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)
46.假定你是李华,外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题请你给外教写一封邮件,内容包括;.说明问题;.提出建议注意.写作词数应为80个左右.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答DearRyanImLiHuafromClass
3.YourssincerelyLiHua【答案】DearRyanImLiHuafromClass
3.IthinkifsnotagoodideatorandomlypairupstudentsforthespokenEnglishtrainingafterclass.Thereasonsareasfollows.Tobeginwithrandomlypairingupstudentsmayleadtounbalancedlanguageabilitieswithinthegroups.Thiscanhindertheprogressofstudentsasthemoreadvancedonemaydominatetheconversationleavinglittleroomfortheotherstudentstoimprove.Besidesstudentsmayfeeluncomfortableorlessmotivatedifpairedwithsomeonewhotheydontgetalongwithorhavedifficultycommunicatingwith.Mysuggestionistogroupstudentsbasedontheirlanguageabilitiesortoletstudentschoosetheirownpartners.ThiswayeveryonecanfeelmorecomfortablepracticingandimprovingtheirspokenEnglishtogether.Thankyouforconsideringmysuggestion.YourssincerelyLiHua【解析】【导语】本篇是应用文写作,要求考生给外教写一封邮件,告诉他将学生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题【详解】
1.词汇积累首先tobeginwith一firstofall提高improve—progress建议suggestion一advice选择choose—select
2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句Mysuggestionistogroupstudentsbasedontheirlanguageabilitiesortoletstudentschoosetheirownpartners.拓展句Mysuggestionisthatwearesupposedtogroupstudentsbasedontheirlanguageabilitiesortoletstudentschoosetheirownpartners.【点睛】[高分句型1]Thiscanhindertheprogressofstudentsasthemoreadvancedonemaydominatetheconversationleavinglittleroomfortheotherstudentstoimprove.(运用了现在分词作》犬语)[高分句型2]BesidesStudentsmayfeeluncomfortableorlessmotivatedifpairedwithsomeonewhotheydontgetalongwithorhavedifficultycommunicatingwith.(运用了省略句和who引导定语从句)第二节(满分25分)
47.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文WhenIwasinmiddleschoolmysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontest.Isaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazilsoEnglishwasonlymysecondlanguage.WritingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplaywhereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.SowhydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofailHisreply:BecauseIloveyourstories.IfyourewillingtoapplyyourselfIthinkyouhaveagoodshotatthis.EncouragedbyhiswordsIagreedtogiveitatry.IchosePaulReveredhorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith(专艮匠)inBostonwhorodeahorseatnightonApril181775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritishsoldierswerecoming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorsesmouth.Notabrilliantideabutfunny;andunlikelytobeanyoneelseschoice.WhatdidthehorsethinkashespedthroughthenightDidhegettiredHavedoubtsDidhewanttoquitIsympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.ButlikeReveredhorseIkeptgoing.Iworkedhard.Icheckedmyspelling.Iaskedmyoldersistertocorrectmygrammar.IcheckedoutahalfdozenbooksonPaulReverefromthelibrary.Ievenreadafewofthem.WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacherhereaditlaughedoutloudandsaidGreat.Nowwriteitagain.^^Iwroteitagainandagainandagain.WhenIfinallyfinisheditthethoughtofwinninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidntwinIwouldntcare.注意.续写词数应为150个左右;.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答AfewweekslaterwhenIalmostforgotthecontesttherecamethenews.Iwenttomyteachersofficeaftertheawardpresentation.【答案】AfewweekslaterwhenIalmostforgotthecontesttherecamethenews.IwasinformedthatIwonthefirstprizeinthewritingcontestandthattherewouldbeanawardpresentationintwodays.TwassohappytohearthenewsthatIimmediatelyshareditwithmyteacher.Iknewyoudwin!Iamproudofyou.Youmadeit!”hesaidexcitedly.Thencamethebigday.WhenIwasinvitedtothestagetoreceivetheawardIexpressedmythankstomyteacher.IsaidItsyouwhomakemefallinlovewithwritingmysocialstudiesteacher.WithoutyourrecognitionandguidanceIcouldnthavewrittenthisarticle.Againthankyouverymuch!”Iwenttomyteacher9sofficeaftertheawardpresentation.Myteacherwaswaitingforme.HoldingmyhandshesaidCongratulations!Youareagoodwritersokeepwriting.^^“YouknowIdidntlikewritingbeforebutnowIamcrazyaboutit!Iwilltrymybesttocreategoodworks.Isaidseriously.SincethenIhavewrittenmanygoodworksandnowIamafamouswriter.1owemysuccesstomysocialteacherwhoisabeaconinmylifeontheroadtowriting.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者上中学的时候,社会学老师邀请作者参加一个写作比赛作者不喜欢写作,于是想都没想就拒绝了但是在老师的鼓励下,作者同意试一试作者在写作过程中虽然很累,但是没有放弃,坚持下来了在作者最终完成写作时,作者感到写作让他很快乐,他已经不在乎输赢了【详解】L段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后,当我几乎忘记比赛的时候,传来了消息”和第二段首句“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室”可知,第一段可描写作者获得比赛一等奖,在颁奖典礼上作者表达了对社会老师的感激
②由第二段首句内容“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室”可知,第二段可描写老师鼓励作者继续写作,自此作者坚持写作取得了成功,作者将这一切归功于自己的老师2续写线索比赛消息传来一一作者获奖一一高兴一一颁奖典礼感谢老师一一颁奖后来到老师办公室一一老师告诉作者坚持写作一一作者表达了对写作的喜爱一一作者写作取得了成功感激老师.词汇激活行为类
①告知inform/tell
②成功做到makeit/succeedGuidedCityToursThe
2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmilltheSkinnyBridgetheRijksmuseumHeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehourstartingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.WhatisanadvantageofMacBikeHowmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodaysWheredoestheguidedcitytourstartA.TheGooyerWindmill.C.HeinekenBrewery.【答案】l.B
2.C
3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式,价格等细节【1题详解】推理判断题根据文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevarietyincludingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(杀U车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseatsandchildrensbikes.(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车,包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知,MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车故选B【2题详解】细节理解题根据定价表可知,租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要
14.75欧元,额外增加天数每天8欧元所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要
14.75+8=
22.75欧元故选C【3题详解】细节理解题根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehourstartingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发,每天下午1点开始)”可知导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始故选DWhenJohnToddwasachildhelovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouseobservinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystreamforexampleoftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.WhenhegotolderJohnstartedtowonderif
③表达express/convey情绪类
①高兴的happy/glad
②激动地excitedly/withexcitement【点睛】[高分句型1]IwasinformedthatIwonthefirstprizeinthewritingcontestandthattherewouldbeanawardpresentationintwodays.(运用了由连接词that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Itsyouwhomakemefallinlovewithwritingmysocialstudiesteacher.(运用了强调句)[高分句型3]Iowemysuccesstomysocialteacherwhoisabeaconinmylifeontheroadtowriting.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)thisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.AfterstudyingagriculturemedicineandfisheriesincollegeJohnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteriag卅菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicalsWiththerightcombinationofanimalsandplantshefiguredmaybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).Firstheconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittlethesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.AfterafewweeksJohnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeksithadallbeendigestedandallthatwasleftwaspurewater.OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhouacityinsoutheastChina.Ecologicaldcsign^^isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor“hesays.Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”
4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsA.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanksA.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.WhatistheauthorspurposeinmentioningFuzhou[2:WhatisthebasisforJohnswork][3:Organismsneedwatertosurvive.][4:D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】
4.C
5.D
6.B
7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学,他建造了一个生态机器,利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水]A.ToreviewJohnsresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohnsidea.【4题详解】细节理解题根据第一段WhenJohnToddwasachildhelovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouseobservinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystreamforexampleoftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.WhenhegotolderJohnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(当约翰•托德还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然是如何解决问题的例如,一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后,往往会变得清澈长大后,约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“AfterstudyingagriculturemedicineandfisheriesincollegeJohnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(2田菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌?哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质?)”可知,约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强故选C【5题详解】细节理解题根据第三段“AfterafewweeksJohnaddedthesludge.(几个星期后,约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeksithadallbeendigestedandallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他对结果感到惊讶生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物,开始吃了起来!几周之内,它就被消化了,只剩下纯净水)”可知,约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器故选D【6题详解】推理判断题根据倒数第二段“OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(亏水)from1600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhouacityinsoutheastChina.(这些年来,约翰承担了许多重大工作他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知,作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用故选B【7题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中,观察会发生什么然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知,约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复故选ACThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalismincludingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworksandthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideifsrightfbryou.TodosoIdividedthebookintotwoparts.InpartoneIdescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalismstartingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeoplesdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerablebeforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldiclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydaysyouwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.InthefinalchapterofpartoneTilguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.IndoingsoIlldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.Youllheartheseparticipants9storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellfbrthemandwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.InthesechaptersIexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpracticeswhicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.WhatisthebookaimedatA.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter“inparagraph3meanA.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Takeover.WhatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartoneA.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwoA.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【答案】
8.B
9.A
10.C
11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点,倡导简单的数字生活方式8题详解】细节理解题根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalismincludingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworksandthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideitsrightfbryou.(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然后如果你认为它适合你,教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知,这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式故选B【9题详解】词句猜测题根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydaysyouwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动在30天结束的时候,你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知,画线词declutter的意思是“清理”,对在线活动进行清理和挑选故选A【10题详解】推理判断题通过文章第四段“InthefinalchapterofpartoneTilguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.IndoingsoIlldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中,我将指导您进行自己的数字清理在这样做的过程中,我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验,在该实验中,1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知,第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子故选C【11题详解】推理判断题通过文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以》各这些实践视为一个工具箱,旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知,作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践故选ADOnMarch71907theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthewisdomofcrowds“effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecasestheaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrorsthoseerrorsarentalwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimateandsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogethertheycanceleachotheroutresultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrorsthentheirerrorswontcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicaltermsthewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeoplesestimatesbeindependent.Iffbrwhateverreasonspeopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependenttheaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussiontheaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstancetheaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.DidtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimatesDidtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirmindsThishappenedsomeofthetimebutitwasntthedominantresponse.Mostfrequentlythegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.Somehowtheseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyaboutA.Themethodsofestimation.C.Thecausesofpeopleserrors.Navajas5studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenifWhatdidthefollow-upstudyfocusonThesizeofthegroups.C.Thediscussionprocess.15WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardNavajas9studiesA.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.【答案】
12.B
13.D
14.C
15.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文没有人是一座孤岛,文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应实验表明,在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的【12题详解】主旨大意题根据第二段内容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrorsthoseerrorsarentalwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimateandcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogethertheycanceleachotheroutresultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrorsthentheirerrorswontcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicaltermsthewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeoplesestimatesbeindependent.Iffbrwhateverreasonspeopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependenttheaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实,即当人们犯错误时,这些错误并不总是相同的有些人常常会高估,或者低估当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时,它们会相互抵消,从而产生更准确的估计如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误,那么他们的错误不会相互抵消从更专业的角度来说,群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的如果由于任何原因,人们的错误变得相关或依赖,估计的准确性就会下降)”可知,本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计,讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑故选B【13题详解】细节理解题根据第二段的“Inmoretechnicaltermsthewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeoplesestimatesbeindependent.(从更专业的角度来说,群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussiontheaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstancetheaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(这项研究的关键发现是,当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时,这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确例如,从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知,人们在没有独立的情况下,分成更小群体,平均值是更准确的,说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下,准确率提高也是可以做到的故选D【14题详解】推理判断题根据第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.DidtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimatesDidtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中,研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人?他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知,在后续研究中,研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么结合两个问题,因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程故选C【15题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段内容uAlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性,仍存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知,作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持故选D第二节(共5小题;每小题
2.5分,满分
12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestepbutdontbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.16Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.InajournaloronapieceofpaperputtheheadingPersonalstrengths.17AreyoucaringCreativeGenerousAgoodlistenerFuntobearoundTheydonthavetobeworldchangingjustaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyoureproudof.Atthetopofasecondpageputtheheading“Actsofkindness.^^Onthisonelistallthepositivethingsyouvedonefbrothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomeworkwhenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingaskedorwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.18Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.19Thatwayyoucouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infactdontwaituntilyouvemadeamistaketotrythis—itsagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.Itssomethingofacliche(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingisitstrue.20Wereallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.Itsjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.Itdoesntmeanyouhavetoignorewhafshappenedorforgetit.Whateveritisnomatterhowsmallitmightseemwriteitdown.Whateverthemistakerememberitisntafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】
16.D
17.B
18.F
19.C
20.G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕,并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为,人们可以学会原谅自己的错误,并从中成长【16题详解】在艮据空前内容uTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestepbutdontbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责人孰能无过)”可知,作者认为人都会犯错,勇于承担责任固然重要,但是也不要因此而过于自责结合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“dothis”以及下文内容可推断,空处应该内容和HandBrakeThreeGearsFootBrakeNoGears1hour€
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