初中英语10大词类详解+用法+考点总结详细篇

2020年初中英语10大词类详解+用法+考点（总结详细篇）

一、词性得分类词类又叫词性，英语单词凭据其在句子中得功用，可以分红十个大年夜类.名词nounn.student学生.代词pronounpron.you你.形容词adjectiveadj.h叩py雀跃得.副词adverbadv.quickly敏捷地.动词verbv.cut砍、害U.数词numeralnum.three三.冠词articleart.a一个.介词prepositionprepat在….连词conjunctionconj.and和.慨叹词interjectionintetj.oh哦前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词二名词名词单数得规则改变偏向（目标趋势）介词across横越…against匹敌…along沿着…around绕着…，round环绕…at朝着…，behind向・・.后面61\/76©爪..加（

1..从..侄1」.・力丫途经/通过・・.down向・・•下for向…from从/离…in进进…into进进…inside到…外面near接近…off脱离/除…on向…上outof向…夕卜outside向.…外over跨过…past颠末/超越…through穿过…to向/朝・・.towards朝着…onto至IJ…上面onto至I」…上面up向…上awayfrom远离…时候介词about大年夜约…，after在..・以后，at在…（时刻），before在・・・之前，by至为止，during在・・・时代for有…（之久）from从…（时）起in在（上/下昼）;在（多久）以后on在（某日）past过了…（时》since自从...（至今）through贯串…（时代）till直至！］…时until直到…时to到（下一时刻）eversince从那时起至今atthebeginningof在・・・入手下手时zattheendof在…末inthemiddleof在…傍边zatthetimeof在…时体式格式介词as作为/当作by用/由/乘坐/被…in用…（措辞）like与…一样on骑（车）/徒（步），通过（收音机/电视机）over通过（收音机）through通过…with用（材料），用（手/足/耳/眼）without没有…涉及介词about关于…，except除・・.，besides除・・・还…for关于/就...而言，in在・・.（方面），of..彳导，有关…，on关于/有关…to对…而言towards针对…with就…而言其它介词【目得介词】for为了…from避免…to为了…【原因介词】for因为…with因为…，becauseof因为…【比拟介词】as与..一样like象…一样than比与一比拟unlike与…不同不规则动词改变表AAA型（实情—实情—实情）ABA型实情一过往式一实情ABC型

1.ow—ew—own

2.i—a—u

3.实情一过往式—过往式+en

4.实情一过往式—实情+en

5.无规律ABB型

1.实情—ought—ought

2.实情—aught—aught

3.改动其中一个元音字母

4.实情一口1:一口

15.改动其中一个子音字母

6.子音字母和元音字母都改动AAB型有两种形式神志动词名词得格在英语中有些名词可以加S〃来示意所有关系，带这种词尾得名词形式称为该名词得所有格，如ateachersbooko名词所有格得规则如下Q单数名词词尾加单数名词词尾没有s也要加如theboysbag男孩得书包，mensroom男厕所2若名词已有单数词尾-s只加…，如theworkersstruggle工人得斗争三代词大年夜少数代词具有名词和形容词得功用英语中得代词，按其意义、特征及在句中得作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指导代词、反身代词、彼此代词、疑问代词、关系代词、毗邻代词和不定代词九种人称代词得用法指导代词指导代词分单数this/that和单数these/those两种形式既可作限制词又可做代词疑问代词指人whowhomwhose指物what既可指人又可指物which

四、冠词冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或以后，在句子里首如果对名词起限制作用得词冠词是一种虚词不定冠词aan与数词one同源，是一个得意思定冠词得用法定冠词the与指导代词thisthat同源，有那这个得意思Q特指双方都熟悉打听得人或物Takethemedicine把药吃了2上文提到过得人或事:Heboughtahouse.Tvebeentothehouse.3指世上独一物二得事物thesuntheskythemoontheearth敲黑板，这个是常常会在选择题中考到得常识点4单数名词连用示意一类事物，如thedollar美元；thefox狐狸；5用在序数词和形容词第一流，及形容词0nlyverysame等前方WheredoyouliveIliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二层6与单数名词连用，指全部群体Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教员Theyareteachersofthisschool.指局部教员7用在专有名词前thePeoplesRepublicofChina中华人平易近共和国8用在姓氏得单数名词之前，示意一家人theGreens格林一家人或格林匹传

五、数词示意数目若干得数词叫基数词；示意递次得数词叫序数词序数词示意布列得递次序数词得缩写形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词得最后两个字母.如first---lst;second--2nd;third-3rd;thirty-first—31st基数词变序数词得巧记口诀一二，三要全变;one-first;two-second;three-third其他都加thth里有破例8往teight-eighth9往enine-ninth字母f代vefive-fifth;twelve-twelfth;ty变成tietwenty-twentieth若要改变几十几，只变个位便可以twenty-one-twenty-first数词得用法1倍数示意法a.主语+谓语+倍数或分数+as+adj.+asIhavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有彳尔三彳音为口末多b.主语+谓语+倍数分数+thesizeamountlength...of...Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球得49倍c.主语+谓语+倍数分数+形容词副词比拟级+than...Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.d.还可以用by+倍数，示意增加若干倍Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.2分数示意法组成基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母分子大年夜于1时，分子得序数词用单数，分母序数词用单数1/3one-third;3/37threeandthree-sevenths

六、形容词重要用来润饰名词得词，示意事物得特征形容词用来润饰名词或代词，示意人或事物得性质、状况，和特征得水平是非，与否形容词作定语润饰名词时，要放在名词得前边然则若是形容词润饰以-thing为字尾得词语时，要放在这些词以后，例如somethingnice以」y开头得形容词lfriendlydeadlylovelylonelylikelylivelyuglybrotherly，仍为形容词2有些以-ly开头既为形容词，也为副词dailyweeklymonthlyyearlyearlyTheTimesisadailypaper.TheTimesispublisheddaily.用形容词示意类别和整体某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词得单数毗邻如thedeadthelivingtherichthepoortheblindthehungry

七、副词副词（adverb简写为adv）是一种用来润饰动词、形容词、全句得词，申明时候、地方、水平、体式格式等概念得词副词是一种半虚半实得词副词可分为地方副词、体式格式副词、水平副词、疑问副词和毗邻副词兼有两种形式得副词（l）close与closelyclose意思是近;closely意思是细心地Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.⑵late与latelylate意思是晚；lately意思是“比来’Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately形容词与副词得比拟级大年夜少数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比拟级和第一流得改变，即原级、比拟级和第一流，用来示意事物得品级差别原级即形容词得实情，比拟级和第一流有规则改变和不规则改变两种Q）规则改变2不规则改变有少数形容词、副词得比拟级和第一流是不规则得，必需熟记如good—better—bestwell—better—bestbad—worse—worstill—worse—worstold—older/elder—oldest/eldestmany/much—more—mostlittle—less—leastfar—further/farther^furthest/farthest

8、动词动词凭据其后是不是可干脆跟宾语，可分为两类，判袂是及物动词可干脆跟宾语、不及物动词不克不及干脆跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必需加上某个介词O系动词1状况系动词用来示意主语状况，只有be一词，例如Heisateacher.2持续系动词用来示意主语持续或坚持一种状况或态度，重要有keeprestremainstayliestand，例如:Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他休会时总坚持默然⑶表像系动词用来示意看起来像”这一概念，重要有seemappearlook例如Helookstired.他看起来很累4感官系动词感官系动词重要有feelsmellsoundtaste例如Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.5改变系动词这些系动词示意主语变成什么样，改变系动词有becomegrowturnfallgetgocomerun.例如Hebecamemadafterthat.自那以后，他疯了6终止系动词示意主语已终止举措，重要有proveturnout表达证实，〃变成”之意，例如Thesearchproveddifficult.搜寻证实很难

九、连词连词是一种虚词，它不克不及自力担当句子成分而只起毗邻词与词，短语与短语和句与句得作用连词重要可分为两类并列连词和从属连词并列连词用来毗邻平行得词、词组和分句如:andbutornorsothereforeyethoweverforhenceaswellaszboth...andznotonly...butalsoeither...orzneither...norzandthen等等比拟so和suchsuch是形容词，润饰名词或名词词组so是副词，只能润饰形容词或副词so还可与示意数目得形容词manyfewmuchlittle连用，形成固定搭配so+adj.such+an+n.so+adj.+an+n.such+n.pl.so+adj.+n.pl.such+n.pl.so+adj.+n.［不可数］such+n.［不可数］sofoolish;suchafoolsoniceaflower;suchaniceflowersomany/fewflowers;suchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney;suchrapidprogresssomanypeople;suchalotofpeople十.介词介词是一种用来示意词与词、词与句之间得关系得虚词，在句中不克不及单独作句子成分介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词得其他词类，短语或从句作它得宾语介词和它得宾语组成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语介词得分类地方（位置、范围）介词above在・・•前about在...四周across在..•又寸面after在...后面against倚着…along在...近旁，among在・・.中央，around在・・・周围，round在・・・・周围，at在..•处before在…前，behind在…后below低于beside在・・.旁边between在•.之间by在...旁down在..・下面from来自…in在…外面inside在…外面等等名词专有名词普通名词个体名词可数名词集体名词物质名词不可数名词抽冢名词陲过过去分词语意思readreadread读cutcutcut切，割letletlet让putputput放costcostcost花费，值hithithit撞，击setsetset安排，安hurthurthurt使…伤痛betbetbet赌博，打castcastcast抛过过去分词汉语意思becomebecamebecome成为comecamecome来runranrun跑throwthrewthrown扔过去式过去分词汉语意思blowblewblown吹drawdrewdrawn画growgrewgrown生长knowknewknown知道陲过去式过去分词汉语意思beginbeganbegun开始drinkdrankdrunk喝singsangsung唱swimswamswum游泳ringrangrung打电话颐过过去分词汉语意思wearworeworn穿forgetforgotforgotten忘记speakspokespoken说freezefrozefrozen冻choosechosechosen选择drivedrovedriven驾驶mistakemistookmistakenriseroserisen上升shakeshookshaken摇陲过去式过去分词汉语意思eatateeaten吃forbidforbadeforbidde禁止givegavegiven给rideroderidden骑seesawseen看见writewrotewritten写fallfellfallen落下breakbrokebroken打破，折forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅;宽雕过去式过去分词汉语意思am/iswasbeen是arewerebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone走taketooktaken拿过过去分词汉语意思bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought打架thinkthoughtthought思考seeksoughtsought寻求触过去式过去分词汉语意思catchcaughtcaught捉，抓teachtaughttaught教陲过过去分词汉语意思feedfedfed喂meetmetmet颤getgotgot得到holdheldheld拥有babysitbabysatbabysat临时照看sitsatsat坐winwonwon嬴findfoundfound发现bendbentbent使弯曲digdugdug芝leadledled引导sellsoldsold卖过过去分词汉语意思feelfeltfelt感到keepkeptkept保持leaveleftleft离开sleepsleptslept睡sweepsweptswept扫smellsmeltsmelt闻；发出retellretoldretold过过词汉语意思buildbuiltbuilthearheardheard听见makemademade制造meanmeantmeant意思sendsentsent送寄spendspentspentdealdealtdealt处理rebuildrebuiltrebuilt重建lendlentlent传贷过过去分词汉语意思havehadhad有，吃laylaidlaid放置，产卵loselostlost芸欠paypaidpaid付钱saysaidsaid说sellsoldsold卖telltoldtold告诉standstoodstood站misundermisundermisundershootshotshot放炮；开understaunderstoundersto理解12^过去分词汉语意思beatbeatbeaten打败过过词汉语意思bearboreborn生borebornehanghangedhanged吊死hunghung挂learnlearnedlearned学learntlearntlieliedlied说谎laylain骑showshowedshowed给……看showedshownspellspelledspelled拼写speltspeltburnburnedburned烧burntburntsmellsmelledsmelled闻smeltsmeltshineshinedshined照耀shoneshonedreamdreameddreamed做梦dreamtdreamtwakewakedwaked醒wokewokenhidehidhidhidhiddenbitebitbit咬bitbittenlightlightedlighted点看litlitproveprovedproved证明provedprovenquitquitquit放弃quitedquitedridridrid免除；去掉riddedriddedsawsawedsawed锯sawedsawnsewsewedsewedsewedsownshineshoneshone发光;闪亮shinedshinedsinksanksunk下沉sanksunkensowsowedsowed种植sowedsownspitspatspatn±spitspitspringsprangsprung阖螭sprungsprungwetwetwet浸湿；寿湿wettedwetted陲过过去分词汉语意思cancould/能maymight/也许must/必须shallshould/将要willwould/情况构成方法例词一般情况加-Smap-mapsbag-bagscapcars以s.sh.ch.x等结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watchesceseze:dge等结尾的词加-slicense-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加esbaby-babies类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemv・minemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数VOUyouJvourJvoursvourselfJ复数VOUVOUvourJvoursJvourselvesJ第三人称单数HeSheitHimHeritHisHeritsHisHersitsHimselfHerselfitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves。