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高三英语二轮复习--形容词与副词学习目标.了解高考中形容词和副词的考情,明确应考方向.掌握形容词和副词的基本用法,突破易混点和难点
一、考情分析和预测预测
1.形容词和副词的基本用法,主要涉及形容词、副词的构词规律
2.形容词和副词的比较等级
3.易混形容词和副词的用法
二、形容词和副词的基本用法
(一)形容词和副词的句法功能句型1形容词+名词;或名词/代词+形容词;形容词在句中做定谙请找出划线形容词所修饰的名词或代词
①Thechildrenshouldbegivenmorefreetime.
②Ivegotsomethingimportanttotellyou.
③Hewasthehappiestmanalive.总结形容词做定语一般位于被修饰词的前面;表语形容词如alivealoneawakeasleep等放在名词之后;形容词修饰something等不定代词,需置于不定代词后面补充说明副词也可以作定语,一般放在所修饰的名词之后Theboystherearetalkingaboutfootball.句型2be/become/get+形容词(划出做表语的形容词)Shewentpaleatthenews.
②Wordsareplentifulbutdeedsareprecious.总结形容词与连系动词构成系表结构,说明主语的性质和特征形容词常位于bego/get/turn/becomefeel/taste/look/soundproveseem之后补充说明副词也可以作表语「msorrybutheisnotin.对不起,他不在句型3主语+谓语+宾语+形容词/副词
①Wefoundthehouseempty.形容词做宾语补足语对补充说明Thepoorboywasbeatenblackandblue.形容词做主语补足语对补充说明
③Keepthefireonforafewminuteso副词做宾语补足语对补充说明总结形容词和副词都可以做主语补足语和宾语补足语,说明主语或宾语所处的位置、性质、特征等这样的谓语常是feel、findmakekeepconsiderleave等句型4形容词/副词做状语(请找出做状语的形容词或者副词)
①Hewalkedinthewindcoldandhungry.
②HungryforadventureIboardedashipinSingaporewith2000passengersandcrew.
(3)1graduallyrecoveredfrommyillness.@Heisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.
⑤FortunatelyJohnwasntinwhenIcalledo总结形容词做状语,说明主语的情况,表原因/伴随,可放句首、句末、句中副词做状语,修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句
(二)形容词变成副词构词规律
2.形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化
(三)常见易用错的形容词和副词hard努力地/hardly;nearly几乎/near;late晚/later/lately/latest;close靠近/closely;wide宽地/widelyhigh高士也/highly;deep深士也/deeplybewidelyknown被广泛了解thinkhighlyof评价很高bedeeplymoved被深深感动
(四)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级.as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术.as+形容词/副词的原级+as与notas/so+形容词/副词的原级+as表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)Theworkisnotas/sodifficultasyouimagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难.the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词表示两者中较的那个Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥.a+形容词比较级+n.Aftertwoyearsresearchwehaveafarbetterunderstandingofthedisease.研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解WewenttotheUSAinsearchofabetterlife.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国.比较级的修饰语常见的有rathermuchstillevenfarany用于否定句或疑问句,alotalittleagreatdealbyfarabit等Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们学习比以前更努力了Acarrunsagreatdealfasterthanabike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多.最高级⑴最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词,byfarnearlyalmostbynomeansnotreallynotquitenothinglikeThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥rdliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机2否定词+比较级=最高级Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱一Areyousatisfiedwithwhathesaidatthemeeting——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?—No.Itcouldnthavebeenworse.——不,不能再差了【难点释疑】比较级表示最高级含义.比较级+thananyother+可数名词单数TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.在中国,长江比其他任何一条河流都长.比较级+thanalltheother+可数名词复数ChinaislargerthanalltheotherAsiancountries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大.no/never/nothing.・・+比较级Nothingismorevaluablethantime.时间比任何东西都珍贵
4.否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词”或否定词+副词的比较级表示“从未……;未曾……Thisfilmisverymoving.Ihaveneverseenabetterone.这音B电影彳艮感人我从没有看过一部比它更好的五倍数表达法表示倍数的句型1Ais+倍数+比较级+than+B2A1$+倍数+@$+原级+@$+83Ais+倍数+the+名词sizelengthheight等+of+B4Ais+倍数+that+of+B5Ais+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
①Thisbuildingisthreetimeshigherthanthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高
②Theoutputofthisyearis3timesthatof
2008.=Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin
2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍
③Afterthenewtechniquewasintroducedthefactoryproducedtwiceasmanycarsin2008astheyearbefore.自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍
二、形容词和副词高考题例证考查角度1其他此类转换为形容词【填空1】(2019全国II卷)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway(大吃一惊)Wearesoproudofher.IVs(wonder).【填空2】(2019全国III卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.【改错1】(2019全国II卷)FirstIwantedtobeafiremanwhoseuniformlookedsocoolly.【改错2](2019全国III卷)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.考查角度2其他此类转换为副词【填空1】(2019全国I卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied;howeverbiologistscalculatethatthereareabout20000—25000polarbearsworldwide.【填空2】(2019全国II卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshiresWomanOfTheYear.【填空3】(2019全国III卷)TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.考查角度3形容词、副词比较等级及修饰词【填空】(2019全国I卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlementsleadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.【改错】(2019全国n卷)Thereweretworeasonsforthedecision.OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.考查角度4易混、易错形容词或副词的区别【改错1】(2019全国I卷)1becameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.【改错2】(2019全国I卷)Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.【改错3](2019全国n卷)ThenwhenIwasinthefifthgradeIwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.[改错4](2019全国n卷)Thereweretworeasonsforthedecision.OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.
三、巩固提升高考链接一语法填空(2018全国I卷)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournalrunnerslivethreeyears(long)thannon-runners.•••Runningischeapeasyanditsalways(energy).(2018全国n卷)Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickenspigsandcattle.(2018全国n卷)AccordingtotheWorldBankChinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizer(化月巴)consumption.(2018全国III卷)Hescreamsthe(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardsme.Iquicklylowermyselfduckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeel(challenge).(2017全国I卷)Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfoodthefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.Asaresultpeoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even(bad)theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017全国I卷)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.Howeverbe(care)nottogotoextremes.(2017全国n卷)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengerswithallthesmokeandnoise.(2017全国n卷)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost(success)ofthesenewlinesandwasopenedin
1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriagesandprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.(2017全国III卷)1dontwanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.高考链接…短文改错(2018全国I卷)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.(2018全国III卷)1haddonemyhomeworkbutIwasshy.Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.(2018全国HI卷)AtthatmomentIrememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid/**.ImmediateIraisedmyhand.(2017全国I卷)Afewminuteslatetheinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2处错误)(2017全国n卷)Intheirsparetimetheyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgardenwhichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.(2处错误)(2017全国III卷)Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanesplayingpopmusicandcollectingthelatemusicalbums.(2处错误)
四、课后作业梳理错题,整理笔记并读背
二、形容词和副词高考题例证考查角度1wonderful;traditional;coolly一cool;ordinarily^ordinary考查角度2poorly;finally;hugely;考查角度3higher;去掉more考查角度
41.interesting一interested;
2.hardly—hard;
3.too一very/so;
4.amazing一amazed
三、巩固提升高考链接一语法填空
1.longer;energetic
2.actually
3.global
4.1oudest;challenged
5.worse
6.careful
7.fairly
8.successful
9.certainly高考链接一短文改错
1.happily一happy
2.larger—large
3.Immediate—Immediately4・late一later;suddenly—sudden5・interesting一interested;earlier—early
6.difference^different;late一latest考查方向(近5年新课标)名词转换为形容词形容词和副词相互转换形容词/副词的比较等级易混易错词的误用-ing与-ed型形容词考查频率5年8考5年21考5年9考5年9考5年3考词尾类别构词规律示例一般情况直接在词尾加-lyextreme—extremely;total一totally;particular一particularly元音字母+e去e加-lytrue—truly辅音字母+y发音为/i/变y为i再加-lysteady一steadily;angry一angrily发音为/ai/直接加-lyshy一shyly-11直接加-yfull—fully;dull-dully-le变e为ypossible—possibly;simple—simply;(whole—wholly例外)-ic加-allybasic一basicallysystematic一systematically;(publicly除夕卜)原级比较级最rWj级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/much(多)moremostlittle(少)lessleastfar(远)farther(多指距离)/further(多指程度)farthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest。