11.定语从句讲义新高一上学期初升高英语衔接

初高中英语语法连接材料第十一讲定语从句关系代词引导的限制性定语从句考查定语从句who指代人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；that指代人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语先行词是edies是物，用关系代词thatthat在定语从句做主语应选Bo.【答案】A【解析】句意我将记住我生命中那些关心和支持过我的重要的人们考查关系代词who先行词为人；which先行词为物；what不引导定语从句；how在从句中充当方式状语此处引导定语从句修饰先行词people是人，应当用who引导，应选A.【答案】A【解析】句意——你喜爱？少年？这首歌吗？——是的我喜爱我能跟着唱的歌考查定语从句引导词依据句子结构可知，该空引导的是定语从句，修饰空前的名词thesongsthat是关系代词，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who是关系代词，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句这个定语从句修饰的名词指物，应用that引导应选A.【答案】A【解析】句意——你在找什么？——我在找我哥哥上个月送给我的那本字典考查定语从句引导词依据句子结构可知，该空引导的是定语从句，修饰空前的名词thedictionarythat是关系代词，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句，排解B；who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语这个定语从句修饰的名词thedictionary是物，应用that引导应选A.【答案】B【解析】句意这是我去年买的CD考查定语从句who关系代词，指人；that关系代词，指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语依据句意和语境可知，本句的先行词theCD属于物，而且在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导，应选B.【答案】B【解析】句意——你知道那个演讲的女孩么？——当然知道，她是我最好的伴侣，梅梅考查定语从句which指代物，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中宾语；what什么此处是定语从句，先行词是girl指的是人，定语从句用whowho在定语从句中做主语应选B.【答案】D【解析】句意这个拿着球的男孩是我的弟弟考查定语从句what什么；which哪一个，指代物；who谁，指代人theboy是先行词，表示的人，定语从句用who指代人，在从句中做主语应选D.【答案】C【解析】句意杜甫是一位宏大的中国诗人，他受到世界各地很多人的欢送考查定语从句which哪一个；whom宾格，谁；who主格，谁句中poet是先行词，表示“人〃，所以此处使用who或whom引导定语从句，由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以此处使用who引导定语从句应选C.【答案】B【解析】句意老师给我们讲了一个好玩的故事，我们都笑了考查关系代词when先行词为时间名词，在句中作状语；which先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom宾格，谁，指代人，在定语从句中作宾语依据题干可知，这里考查定语从句的引导词，先行词story为物，在定语从句中做主语、所以使用关系代词which故答案选B.【答案】D【解析】句意——你熟悉那个在才艺表演中获得一等奖的男孩吗？——当然他是我的新邻居此题考查定语从句的关联词whose的先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语；whom的先行词是人在定语从句中做宾语；which的先行词是物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；who的先行词是人，在定语从句中做主语本句的先行词是theboy是人，在定语从句中做主语，应选D.【答案】C【解析】句意玛丽是我的英语老师，她不仅教我学问，而且教我如何做一个好人考查定语从句She她，人称代词主格，在句中作主语；which在定语从句中指物；who在定语从句中指人本句空格前没有“句点〃，故本句为一个完整的定语从句，主语为Mary故此处将She排解另本句的先行词Englishteacher指人，故应用who引导定语从句应选C高考真题练习答案

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50.which关系副词引导定语从句Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.同学们应当参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的阅历Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn*tattendthemeetingyesterday你知道他昨天没参与会议的缘由吗？“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句L“介词+关系代词〃引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which、whom且不能省略Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依靠的根本技能September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必需缴付账单.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比拟级或最高级+of+which/whom〃引导的定语从句，表示局部与整体的关系Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheorieswhyhumanbeingscrytearsnoneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证明Manyyoungpeoplemostofwhomwerewell-educatedheadedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的幻想，他们中大局部都受过良好的教育.在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+ofwhich；修饰人时，可以换为“the+名词+ofwhom”Thenewly-builtcafethewallsofwhich=whosewallsarepaintedlightgreenisreallyapeacefulplaceforusespeciallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个宁静的地方，特殊是在辛苦工作后定语从句在高考中的考查定语从句在应用文中的运用

1.感谢信IamgratefultoyouforeverythingthatyoudidformetoimprovemyEnglish.［为了提高我的英语所做的一切Theremendednovelswhoselanguagesareeasytounderstandhavebroughtmemanyunexpectedbenefits.ImwritingtoconveymygratitudefbreverythingthatyoudidformewhenIwasinEngland.IfithadntbeenyourcareIwouldnthaveenjoyedmystaytheresomuch.2邀请信1Imwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinahikingorganizedbymewhichsomeofourclassmateswilltakepartin.2〕2mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemusicfestivalwhich/thatwillbeheldinourschoolnextSaturday..申请信IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofitwhichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.Imwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteerthatyouadvertisedinyesterdaysnewspaper.TobeginwithwithparticularinterestinhistoryandcultureIonceworkedasadocent讲解员inthehistorymuseumofmyschoolwhichmakesmeexperiencedinsuchajob.4〕BesidesIcanspeakthelanguagefluently〔英语彳艮娴熟）whichmakesitpossibleformetomunicatewithforeignersfreely.（这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能〕.报道:LastWednesdaywitnessedtheactivityofElegantArtintoCampuswhichwasintendedtomakeelegantartmoreaccessible..通知ThemovieGrowingTogetherwhichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschoolwillbeshownintheschoolhallfrom200to400intheafternoononJune17th.TheconcertwhichincludesvariousfantasticperformancesplayedbytalentedstudentswillbeheldintheschoolhallnextSundaymorningThosewhowanttowatchthemoviearerequiredtoarrivebeforetwointheafternoon.AsfarasIamconcernedyoushouldholdmoreactivitiesinwhichstudentscanexperienceBritishculturebythemselves.HerearesometipsabouthowtolearnChinesewhichIhopewillbeofhelptoyou.中考真题——定语从句.（2020贵州黔东南州）

27.LiWenliangisabravedoctorisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.when.（2020山东滨州）

13.—DoyouknowLiZiqi一Ofcourse.SheisabeautifulgirlhasmademanyvideostoshowatraditionalChinesewayoflife.A.whoseB.whereC.whichD.who.（2020四川甘孜州）

3.ThenurseislookingaftertheoldmanisTomssister.A.whichB.whoC.what.（2020四川自贡）

9.一HaveyouheardofthebasketballteamwontheNBAchampionshiplastyear一Ofcourseitsmyfavoritebasketballteam-Warriors.A.whoseB.whichC.who.（2020黑龙江哈尔滨）

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5.MaryismyEnglishteachernotonlyteachesmeknowledgebutalsohowtobeagoodperson.A.SheB.whichC.who高考真题与模拟【2022•新高考I卷】TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies45livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.【2022•全国甲卷】Onthe

1100.KilometerjourneythemanCaoShengkang62losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccidentcrossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.〔2022年浙江1月）KimCobbaprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlantaisoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicsarecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.（2021新课标II卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapanyusedalotofplasticFdsenditanemailurgingittocutback.〔2021浙江卷〕BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtoolgivesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.

（2021）匕京卷〕Whenyousleepyourbrainsortsthrougheverything12happenedduringthedaytryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.（2020新课标III卷）InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.（2019新课标III卷）Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.（2019；折江卷）Ontheedgeofthejacketthereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.〔20191匕京卷）Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosearetotallyengagedinacademiclifetakingfulladvantageofthecollegeschancesandresources.[2018新课标I卷）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.[2018新课标II卷）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005一whenthegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogramgivesspecificfertilizerremendationstofarmers——and2011fertilizerusedroppedby

7.7milliontons.〔2018浙江卷）ManywesternersetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.（2015新课标I卷）rdskippednearbyGuilinadreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.（2014新课标I卷）Maybeyouleaveahabitisdrivingyourfamilycrazy.[2016新课标III卷）SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfuciuslivedfromroughly551to479B・C・influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.〔2021•天津•高考真题）Inthespringaseasonwearelearningnewrhythmsoflifemanyofusfindfortinthenaturalworld.〔2021•山东•高考真题）Istillremembertheparkwemetforthefirsttime.（

2017.天津.高考真题）1havereachedapointinmycareer1needtodecidewhichwaytogo.〔2021•天津•高考真题）AttheChineseartfestivaltherearedifferentstandsartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.〔2021天津•高考真题）WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakeswecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.（2017•全国•高考真题）Theshippinggroupprofitsdivedlastyearbynearlyathirdhastoldshareholderstoexpectanevenlowerresultforthisyear.（2020•江苏•高考真题）Manylessonsarenowavailableonlinefromstudentscanchooseforfree.（2020•天津•高考真题）Dr.Rowansecretaryresignedtwoweeksagohashadtodoallhisowntyping..（2020-天津•高考真题）MeSmithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990shegaveittohisgrandson.〔2012•重庆•高考真题〕Salesdirectorisapositionmunicationabilityisjustasimportantassales.〔2018•天津•高考真题）Therewasalongwaitatthereceptiondeskeveryonewascheckingin.（2013•湖南•高考真题）Happinessandsuccessoftenetothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.〔2019•江苏•高考真题）Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.（2019•天津•高考真题）Theirchildisatthestageshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.〔2019♦天津•高考真题）Thecoursenormallyattractsabout100studentsperyearuptohalfwillbefromabroad.〔2022-山东•模拟猜测〕ThetaoraytaoraySpringSummer2020wasshownforthefirsttimeontheworldstageofNewYorkFashionWeektraditionmetmodernity.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）Thereasonhefailedisthathereliedonotherstoomuch.（2022•陕西榆林•三模）InChinachopsticksarecalledkuaiziisawordmadeupofcharactersmeaningquickand“bamboo”.〔2022-ill东枣庄•二模）HelatersetupChinasfirstdraftbankRishengchanglaterhad35branchesacrossthecountry.〔2020•江西•上饶二模）Newresearchshowsthattheaveragecostofraisingachildtotheageof18inChinain2019was485000yuanforafirstchildisfarmorethanthatintheUnitedStatesandJapan.（2022•内蒙古•集宁三模）Shortspacetripswilldevelopfirstthenthespacehotelswillgoaroundtheearthitwillbepossibletohavealongervacation.〔2022•宁夏石嘴山・一模）ChenshowedthatknowinghowtoperformCPRcanbebeneficial.Accordingtomedicalexpertsthereisagoldenperiodz，thefirstfourminutesofaheartattackCPRismosteffectiveinsavingthepersonslife.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）Lifeislikeanonionsometimesmakesyouweepwhenyoutryopeningit.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习〕Ourgrandmawecalled“Nanny”wouldalwaysbakebreadadayahead.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）HewasalsotheonefoundedtheHongKongdailynewsp叩erMingPaoin

1959.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）ForinstanceinLimathecapitalofPerutherearemorethan50Chinesemedicineclinicsabout70percentofweresetupbylocaldoctors.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeansbyChinaspresentisconnectedwithitspast.（2022•全国•高三专题练习〕In2006itsaverageweeklycirculationwasreportedtobe

1.5millioncopieshalfofweresoldintheUnitedStates.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）InmidSeptembertheirseedlesswhitegrapesripenlocalfarmersarebusypickinggrapestobetransportedtootherpartsofthecountry.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）Whenyousleepyourbrainsortsthrougheverythinghappenedduringthedaytryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）KimCobbaprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlantaisoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicsarecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）ShediscoveredArtemisinin［青蒿素），adrughassignificantlyreducedthedeathratesforpatientssufferingfrommalaria.ArtemisininisagiftfbrtheworldpeoplefromthetraditionalChinesemedicine.（2022•全国•高三专题练习〕LouisCha（Chinese:ChaLeungYung;10March192430October2018）betterknownbyhispennameJinYongwasaChinesewuxianovelistandessayistcofoundedtheHongKongdailynewspaperMingBaoin1959andservedasthefirsteditorinchief.〔2022•全国•高三专题练习）LesssnowcoverinthemountainsisimportantintheWestandAlaskawillgreatlyreducethechancesofdisasterscausedbytoomuchsnow.中考真题一一定语从句参考答案.【答案】A【解析】句意李文亮是一位英勇的医生，被很多中国人所熟知考查定语从句A.who谁；B.which哪一个；C.what什么；D.when什么时候依据句子结构，这是一个定语从句，先行词为doctor指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导定语从句应选Ao.【答案】D【解析】句意——你知道李子柒吗？——当然知道，她是一个漂亮的女孩，她制作了很多视频来展现中国传统的生活方式考查定语从句whose谁的；where哪里；which哪一个；who谁句中girl是先行词，表示“人〃，所以使用关系代词who弓|导定语从句，whohasmademanyvideostoshowatraditionalChinesewayof「fe作girl的定语应选D.【答案】B【解析】句意正在照看那位老人的护士是汤姆的妹妹考查定语从句关系词which关系代词，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语、宾语；who关系代词，先行词是人，且在从句中作主语；what什么，不能引导定语从句依据题干可知从句的先行词“Thenurse指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句应选B.【答案】B【解析】句意——你听说过去年赢得NBA总冠的篮球队吗？——当然，它是我最喜爱的篮球队——勇士队考查定语从句A.whose表先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系；B.which指物；C.who指人依据句子结构，先行词为basketballteam指物，且关系代词在从句中作主语，应选B.【答案】C【解析句意——他们在谈论什么？一一他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最宏大的创造考查定语从句关系词which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语结合题干可知先行词“inventions〃指物，且在从句中作主语，排解B；先行词前有形容词最高级“thegreatest〃修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that排解A应选C.【答案】A【解析】句意？寄生虫？成为历史上第一部获得奥斯卡最正确影片奖的非英语电影考查定语从句的关系词辨析that既可指人又可指物的关系代词；which指物的关系代词；who指人的关系代词依据句子结构，此句是一个定语从句，先行词movie指物，在从句中作主语，排解C选项领先行词被形容词最高级best修饰时，关系词只能用that所以空格处填that应选A.【答案】D【解析】句意你能在你离开之前给我讲讲你做的这个方案么？考查定语从句和状语从句who谁，指人；what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，指物；that在定语从句中可以代替人或者物先行词是plan定语从句用which或者that来引导，which或者that在定语从句中作宾语after在……之后；when当……时候；while当……时候；before在……之前依据“yourleave”可知其次空用before引导时间状语从句，表示“在你离开之前〃应选D.【答案】B【解析】句意？金银岛？是我读过的最好玩的小说考查形容词辨析和关系代词辨析interesting好玩的，主要表示“某物是好玩的〃；interested感爱好的，主要表示“某人对某事感爱好〃；此处指“好玩的小说〃，所以用interestingo定语从句中先行词指物时，which和that都可以用，但领先行词有最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that本句中的先行词novel由最高级修饰，所以用that应选B.【答案】C【解析】句意在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来盼望的国家英雄考查定语从句的关系词whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；which先行词为物；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语或宾语此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes是人，所以排解B；依据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导，应选C.【答案】B【解析1句意我们都喜高兴剧，喜剧让我们放松

一、根本概念

1.定语从句修饰名词或代词的句子

2.先行词被定语从句修饰的词

3.关系词引导定语从句的词关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系副词whenwherewhy

二、关系代词的根本用法指物Thisisabookthatinterestsalargenumberofpeople.（作主语）Isthereanything（that）Icandoforyou（作宾语）指人Hethatcouldeatthefruitmustclimbthetree.（作主语）Heisaman（that）youcansafelytrust.〔作宾语）指物Thebuswhichhasjustleftwasthelastonetoday.（作主语）Thefish（which）Iboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.（作宾语）

3.whowhom在从句中分别作主语或宾语指人TheexpertwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.（作主语）Ishetheboywhoalwayswinsmathspetitions（作主语）Theone（who/whom）wearetalkingaboutisascientist.（作宾语）ThisistheteachertowhomIreferred.（作宾语）指人Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherisstudyingabroad.［作定语）指物Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismnine.［作定语）说明关系代词thatwhichwhowhom在从句中作宾语时，特殊是在口语或非正式的书面表达中，经常省略

三、关系代词的特殊用法1领先行词是不定代词everything、anythingnothingallnone等时，或领先行词受everyanyallfew等词修饰时，关系代词一般用thato2领先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词一般用thato⑶领先行词被序数词修饰时，关系代词一般用that.4领先行词表示“正是的，由thevery、theonly修饰时，关系代词一般用thato⑸领先行词包括人与物时，关系代词一般用thato

三、关系代词的特殊用法领先行词前面有Whowhich.等疑问代词时，关系代词一般用thato1当非限制性定语从句中，指物只用whichoTheseappletreeswhichIplantedthreeyearsagghaventborneanyfruit.苹果树没有结果子2在介词+关系代词引导定语从句时只用whicho3先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句一个关系词用that另一个用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichisnewlyopentous.1先行词是thosethese指人时，关系代词用whoo2先行词是人称代词时，关系代词常用who⑶不定代词onesomeoneanyoneeveryonenoonesomebodyanybodyeverybody作先行词时，关系代词用whoo4非限制性定语从句中，先行词是人时，用who不用that

四、定语从句的考前须知

1.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词与先行词在数上保持全都

2.“oneof+复数名词〃作先行词时，定语从句修饰的是复数名词，所以假如关系代词在定语从句中作主语，从句谓语动词应用复数形式3/theonlyoneof+复数名词”作先行词时，定语从句修饰的是theonlyone所以假如关系代词在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式

五、as与which引导定从的区分as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像o从句的谓语动词多为seeknowexpectsaymentionreport等“Youcan!tjudgeabookbyitscoverastheoldsayinggoes.正如老话说的那样“人不行貌相〃which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事〃等which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadershipwhichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词situationpointcasepositionstage等地点状语whythereason缘由状语题垂\定语从句语法填空2022试卷类型定语从句考点2022•新高考I卷that关系代词2022•全国甲卷who非限定性定语从句2022年浙江1月that/who关系代词20212021新课标II卷that/which关系代词20202020新课标III卷whose作定语。