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考点13定语从句在知识导图1定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词和分词等表示,副词有时也可作定语;当用一个句子彳乍定语时,这个句子即为定语从句eg:ltsarainyday.Theywatchedallthefourexcitinggames.ThemanoverthereisournewEnglishteacher.Ihopetherewillbeaswimmingpool=apoolforswimminginourschool.Apersonwhohasstolensomethingisguiltyoftheft.2定语可放在它所修饰的名词或代词前,为前置定语,也可放在它所修饰的词汇后,为后置定语eg:Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.Illhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.a.定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句所修饰的名词或代词为先行词b.关系代词who和whom指代的先行词指人eg:Adoctorexaminedtheastronautswhoreturnrdfromspacetoday.=Adoctorexaminedtheastronauts.Theyreturnedfromspacetoday.c.关系代词which指代的先行词指物eg:Thetileswhichfellofftheroofcausedalotofdamage.=Thetilesfellofftheroof.Theycausedalotofdamage.d.关系代词that指代的先行词既可以指元金可以指物eg:Heisthemanthatwholivesnextdoor.Amonitorisamachinethatwhichshowsinformationorpicturesonascreen.e.先行词附有最高级形容词或序数词修饰时,或附有theonlythesametheveryaIIeveryanyno等修饰时,使用that但先行词为人时,通常使用wheg:ThisisthemostwonderfulfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaswritteninEnglish.IsthereanyonewhoknowsSpanishf.关系代词whose是属格,既可用于人的属格,也可用于物的属格eg:Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.Isawsomeoldbuildingswhosewindowswereallbroken.=1sawsomeoldbuildingsthewindowsofwhichwereallbroken.g.关系代词在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语和定语如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语此关系代词可省略eg:Heisthemanwhom/thatImetyesterday.Thisisthephotowhich/thatItook.h.定语从句中,关系代词whowhichthat作主语时,其谓语动词应与先行词的单复数保持一致eg Ajnanwhodoesnttrytolearnfromotherscanthopetomakeprogress.ThestudentswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassThree.i.在oneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式而在theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式eg:Tomisoneofthestudentswhoknowthefacts.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsthefacts.a.关系副词when前的先行词是表达时间的名词,when在定语从句中作时间状语2电eg:lstillrememberthedaywhenonwhichIjoinedtheYouthLeague.言疆b.关系副词where前的先行词是表示地点的名词,where在定语从句中作地点状语;
一、五eg:ThisistheplacewhereinwhichIgrewup.从句C.关系副词why前的先行词是表示原因的名词,why在定语从句中作原因状语eg:Thatsthereasonwhyforwhichhedislikesme.在重序考向考向一定语从句的基本概念及其功能意义我们先看以下几个句子:Thisishisbook.Pleaseturnonthatgreenlight.Doyoulikethebeautifulflowers一HaveyouwatchedtheTVplayLikeaFlowingRiver一Yes.ItsthemostpopularTVplaymakespeopleknowaboutthereformandopening-uppolicy.A.whereB.thatC.whatD.whom一Whatkindofjobdoyoulike一OhIpreferthejobcanmakeourcitymorebeautiful.A.whatB.whichC.whoseD.who—AtpresentyoungpeoplepreferWeChattokeepintouchwiththeirfriends.一Yes.Itseemstobethebestwayofcommunicationpeoplelike.A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that・一Weareproudofthegreatchangesourcountryhashadtheseyears.一Yessomanyvillageshavetakenonanewlook.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whereTheunforgettableexperiencewehadinthesummercampmakesusgrowup.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whomTheCDmyuncleboughtformeasabirthdaygiftismyfavorite.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whoseManypeopleherelikethisbeautifulparkisfullofcolorfulflowers.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.whatIlikebooksareaboutpowerfulandsuccessfulpeople.A.whoseB.whatC.whoD.whichIreallyadmirethosevolunteerscanoffertohelppeopleintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what一IheardthatAECM(抗疫表彰会)washeldinLanzhouonApril26th.一Yes.IreallylookuptothoseheroesinGansuhavemadegreatachievements(成就)A.whoB.whichC.whereD.whose一SusanstillmissesinWenzhou.—Iknow.Localsnacksareherfavourite.A.thefriendlypeoplewhoshemetB.thedayswhichshespentwithusC.thefamousplacesthatshevisitedD.thedeliciousfoodwhichshetriedAmemorialmeetingwasheldtohonortheheroeslosttheirlivesduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-
19.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whoseYuanLongpingisoneofthegreatestscientistsIrespectalot.A.whyB.whichC.whatD.that・一Haveyoufoundthemobilephoneyoulostinthetaxiyesterday-Notyet.Tilhavetobuyanewone.A.whichB.whatC.whoD.whereThisisthefirstbirthdaygiftIreceived.Tvekeptitmanyyears.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.which一HeyBob.Whatareyoudoing一Imwritingathank-noteto.A.thestudentwhousuallyplaysbasketballwithusB・theneighbourwhooftenmakesnoiseinthemidnightC.thepassengerwhogotonthewrongbusthismorningD.theworkerwhooftenpicksuprubbishinthelocalparkAccordingtoarecentstudyadultsoftendohouseworkmightstayhealthyintooldage.A.whenB.whichC.whoD.what一Tomwhatkindofstoriesdoyouprefer一Theoneshaveahappyending.A.thatB.whoC.thoseD.whom—Volunteeringisameaningfulactivity.一Iagree.Weshouldexpressthankstothepeopledovolunteerjobs.A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which在真题过关—Momiswaiting.Canwesetoffnow一Justaminute.IcantfindtheshoesIboughtlastweek.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.whoHedoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A.whomB./C.whichD.who一Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike一Iprefermoviesmesomethingtothinkabout.A.whomgiveB.whogivesC.whichgiveD.thatgivesStudentslovetheteachersareoutgoingandhumorous.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose.一DoyoulikethemovieiscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin一Sure.Ithinknomovieisthanit.A.that;moretouchingB.what;lesstouchingC.that;moretouchedD.which;lesstouched——Doyouknowthegirlisstandingoverthere一Yes.Sheismysister.A.whenB.whereC.whoD.whichAgathaChristiewasafemalewriterisconsideredthequeenofcrimenovels.A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.which—IhavereadbookswerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.—SodoI.DavidCopperfieldismyfavorite.A.howB.whoC.whatD.thatIwillneverforgetthepeoplehelpedmealotduringmyhardtime.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whomGreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.Everythingcomesintomyeyesissonewtome.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom一HaveyouheardofthestoryofMulan—Ofcourse.Mulanisabravegirlherfathersplacetofightinthearmy.A.whomtakeB.thattakeC.whichtakesD.whotakesFilneverforgettheplacewevisitedtogetherlastyear.A.whichB.whatC.whoD.whomInmyopinionofallthebooksthisistheonlyoneiswellworthreading.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.what—Whatcanwedofortheleft-homechildreninthevillageneedhelp—Wecouldhelpthemwiththeirstudyonlineonweekends.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.who.Wefollowthatcarhasleftinthegrass.A.markB.markingC.themarksD.tomarkChinaisgettingbetteratmakingthemostpopularhigh-techproductscanbeboughtinallpartsoftheworld.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that一Isthewomanwalkedpastjustnowyourteacher一YessheteachesEnglishandweallloveherverymuch.A.which;ourB.who;usC.which;usD.that;ourWellneverforgettheheroesbringpeoplehopeindifficulttimes.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.whordliketoexpressmythankstoeveryoneservedthecommunity.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whenThevictimwantedtoreportthecrimehisbosshadcommittedtothepolice.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.what参考答案B【详解】句意——珍妮,我昨晚跟我妈妈顶嘴了我该怎么办?——你应该说对不起父母是世界上最爱你的人考查定语从句和形容词最高级根据定语从句先行词为“people”且从句缺主语可知,引导词用who;根据“intheworld”可知,从句表达最爱你的人,故用最高级best故选BA【详解】句意机会属于不断尝试的人只要你继续努力,你迟早会获得巨大的成功考查定语从句根据“Chancesbelongtothose”可知,此处是定语从句,先行词those”指人,且在句中作主语,用引导词who故选AC【详解】句意——你佩服张文宏医生吗?——当然!他是一位专业而幽默的善良医生考查定语从句根据“Heisakind-hearteddoctor”可知,此处是定语从句,先行词doctor”是人,在从句中作主语,用引导词who故选CD【详解】句意冰壶是一项在中国越来越流行的冬季运动考查定语从句which指物,在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语;who指人,在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语;where是地点,在引导的定语从句中作状语;what不能引导定语从句本题中定语从句缺主语,先行词又是sport故用which引导故选DD【详解】句意John是那个在事故中腿严重受伤的男孩考查定语从句who指代人,作主语或宾语;which指代物,作主语或宾语;whom指代人作宾语;whose作定语此处修饰名词“legs”,作定语,因此用“whose”,指“男孩的”故选DoD【详解】句意这是我昨天买的短裙考查定语从句先行词theskirt”指物,在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句故选DC【详解】句意退休后,我的老师戴先生搬到了他60年前出生的那个村子考查定语从句的关系词when什么时候,何时;which哪一个,哪一些;where在哪里;what什么根据句意可知,空前先行词thevillage在从句中作地点状语,要用关系副词where故选CB【详解】句意这就是我们不久前住过的小村庄旅店考查定语从句,观察句子,先行词为“villageinn乡村客栈”,所以关系词应该用关系副词where所以后面不应该再接介词,故选BB【详解】句意这是一个可以帮助贫困儿童的组织考查关系词辨析who谁;which哪个;where在哪里;when什么时候先行词organization”指物,关系词应用which在从句中作主语故选BA【详解】句意这就是你昨天遇到的那个女孩吗?考查定语从句whom指人,在从句中作宾语;whose谁的,在从句中作定语;which指物在从句中作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句先行词girl指人,且在从句做met的宾语应用whom故选AoA【详解】句意:——现在,很多孩子对《孤勇者》这首歌很感兴趣为什么?——也许他们认为这是一首歌词和节奏都很棒的歌考查定语从句which哪一个;who谁;where在哪里;what什么此处是定语从句,先行词song是指物,在从句中作主语,用which引导定语从句,故选AC【详解】句意:——你喜欢什么类型的电影?——我喜欢能让我笑的电影考查定语从句where哪里,先行词指地点;what什么,不引导定语从句;which哪一个,先行词指人或物;when什么时候,先行词指时间themovies指物,故用which引导定语从句故选CD【详解】句意——你读过美国作家海明威写的《老人与海》吗?——当然,这是一个惊人的故事这是我读过的最好的书考查定语从句此处是定语从句,先行词有最高级thebest修饰,关系词用that故选DB【详解】句意——你认识在树底下的那个男孩吗?——哦,他是我的表弟考查定语从句此处是定语从句,先行词boy是指人,在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句,故选BC【详解】句意迈克尔•杰克逊是一位歌手,被认为是流行音乐之王考查定语从句定语从句的先行词为singer为指人的名词,定语从句的关系词在从句中作主语,所以可以用that或who引导定语从句故选CC【详解】句意——你听说过他去年夏天去过的那个地方吗?——是的,这就是伟大作家鲁迅出生的地方考查定语从句首空代指theplace是物作宾语,用关系代词that/which也可省略;第二空充当状语,指代地点,用关系副词where故选CB【详解】句意在我生命中最重要的女人是我的母亲考查定语从句which指物,作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句;whom指人,作宾语;who指人,作主语或宾语本句是定语从句,先行词是Thewoman指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用who引导,故选BD【详解】句意在我生命中最重要的女人是我的母亲考查定语从句which指物,作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句;whom指人,作宾语;who指人,作主语或宾语本句是定语从句,先行词是Thewoman指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故选DD【详解】句意你能告诉我你刚才在会上讨论的结果吗?考查定语从句关系词who指代人;when指代时间;how如何;that既可以指人又可以指物根据先行词“theresultofthediscussion”是指物可知,应该使用“that故选DA【详解】句意我们都知道,医生是一个照顾人们的健康的人考查定语从句先行词person是指人,在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句,故选AA【详解】句意——你知道苏炳添是谁吗?——知道,他是一位著名的赛跑运动员,在2020年东京奥运会男子100米比赛中以
9.83秒的成绩创造了亚洲新纪录考查定语从句who引导限制性定语从句,先行词指人,在定语从句中充当主语和宾语;whom引导限制性定语从句,先行词指人,在定语从句中充当宾语;whose引导限制性定语从句,先行词指人或指物,在定语从句中充当定语;which既能引导限制性定语从句,也能引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,在定语从句中充当主语和宾语,作宾语时可以省略本题先行词“afamousrunner”是人,定语从句缺少主语,因此填关系代词who故选AB【详解】句意——你看过电视剧《大江大河》吗?——看过这是最受欢迎的电视剧,让人们了解改革开放政策考查定语从句句子是定语从句,先行词TVplay”是物,且关系词在从句中作主语,用that引导定语从句故选BB【详解】句意——你喜欢什么样的工作?——哦,我更喜欢那种可以让我们的城市变得更加漂亮的工作考查定语从句what什么,不可引导定语从句;which指代物,关系代词;whose谁的,表示所属关系,关系代词;who指代人,关系代词thejob为名词,后接修饰它的定语从句,从句中缺少主语,说明引导词既指代物,又在从句中充当主语,因此应用which来引导定语从句故选BD【详解】句意——目前,年轻人更喜欢微信与朋友保持联系——对这似乎是人们喜欢的最好的沟通方式考查定语从句which指物,作主宾表;what不能引导定语从句;who指人,作主宾表;that指人或物,作主宾表根据“thebestwayofcommunication...peoplelike”可知,先行词way”指物,在从句中作“ike”的宾语,它被最高级“bes俨修饰,此时只能用that引导从句故选DA【详解】句意——我们为我们国家这些年发生的巨大变化感到自豪——是的,许多村庄都呈现出新的面貌考查定语从句关系词先行词thegreatchanges”指物,在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句故选AC【详解】句意我们在夏令营的难忘经历使我们成长考查定语从句who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose关系代词,先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语;whom关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;which关系代词,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;句子先行词是“experience,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用which/that引导,故选CA【详解】句意我叔叔买给我作为生日礼物的CD是我最喜欢的考查定语从句此句为定语从句,先行词TheCD”表示物,连接词在从句中作宾语,应用which引导定语从句,故选AoC【详解】句意这里的许多人都喜欢这个美丽的公园,那里满是五颜六色的花考查定语从句此处引导定语从句,先行词park表示事物,分析句子结构,定语从句缺少主语,因此用关系代词which故选CD【详解】句意我喜欢关于有权势和成功人士的书考查定语从句此处是定语从句,先行词books指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系词which来引导定语从句故选DA【详解】句意我真的很佩服那些能帮助有困难的人的志愿者考查定语从句的关系代词关系词who/whom引导定语从句,先行词是人,who在定语从句作主语,whom在定语从句作宾语;which引导定语从句,先行词是物;what不可引导定语从句此句是定语从句,先行词thosevolunteers”是人,且关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用who引导此定语从句故选AA【详解】句意:——我听说抗疫表彰会4月26日在兰州召开——是的我真的很敬佩那些在甘肃取得巨大成就的英雄考查定语从句who指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;which指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;where关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语;whose在定语从句中作定语先行词“heroes英雄”指的是人,定语从句“havemadegreatachievements”缺主语,关系代词用who故选AoD【详解】句意——苏珊仍然想念她在温州吃过的美味食物——我知道当地小吃是她的最爱考查定语从句thefriendlypeoplewhoshemet她遇到的友善的人;thedayswhichshespentwithus她和我们一起度过的日子;thefamousplacesthatshevisited她参观过的著名景点;thedeliciousfoodwhichshetried她品尝的美味的食物根据Iknow.Localsnacksareherfavourite.”可知想念的是美味的食物故选DA【详解】句意一个纪念大会将被举行以纪念在抗击新冠中牺牲的英雄们考查定语从句分析句子可知,句子是定语从句,先行词是“heroes”,指人,在从句中作主语,因此用“who”来引导定语从句故选AD【详解】句意袁隆平是我非常尊敬的最伟大的科学家之一考查定语从句分析句子可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是scientists指人,且被最高级修饰,关系代词只能用that故选DA【详解】句意——你找到昨天在出租车上丢失的手机了吗?——还没有我将不得不买一部新的(手机)考查定语从句which指代物,在从句中可以作主语,宾语,表语;what不能引导定语从句;who指代人,在从句中可以作主语,宾语;where指地点,在从句中作状语本句中先行词为“phone”,物,从句缺宾语,故用which来引导故选AA【详解】句意这是我收到的第一份生日礼物我已经保存了很多年了考查定语从句此处是定语从句,先行词是物,且先行词前有thefirst修饰,引导词在从句中作宾语,故选AD【详解】句意——嘿,鲍勃你在做什么?——我正在给经常在当地公园捡垃圾的工人写一封感谢信考查定语从句根据“athank-note”可知,是感谢信,应该与助人为乐的事情相关,故选DC【详解】句意根据最近的一项研究,经常做家务的成年人可能会健康到老年考查定语从句本句先行词为adults表示人,且关系词需要在从句中作主语,who符合,故选CA【详解】句意:——汤姆,你喜欢什么样的故事?——那些有着幸福结局的故事考查定语从句that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后,引出从句;who谁;those那些;whom谁,宾格根据Theones...haveahappyending.”可知,此处空后为定语从句修饰onesones指代stories“故事”为物,使用关系代词that引导定语从句故选AC【详解】句意——做志愿者是一个有意义的活动——我同意我们应该感谢那些做志愿者工作的人考查定语从句此句是定语从句,先行词people是指人,在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句,故选CA【详解】句意——妈妈在等待我们现在可以出发了吗?——等一下我找不到我上周买的鞋了考查定语从句此处是定语从句,先行词是“theshoes”,指物,引导词在从句中作宾语,所以用that或which结合选项,故选AD【详解】句意不到长城非好汉考查定语从句题干包含定语从句先行词是“He”,在从句中作主语whom作宾语,指代人;which作主语或宾语,指代物;who作主语或宾语,指代人关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略故选DC【详解】句意:——你喜欢什么类型的电影?——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影考查定语从句whom指人,在从句中作宾语;who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;that指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语此处的先行词为movies表示物,排除AB选项,又因先行词是复数,从句谓语动词应用动词原形,故选C
44.A【详解】句意学生喜欢开朗幽默的老师考查定语从句此处含定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选AA【详解】句意——你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗?——当然我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了考查定语从句和形容词辨析第一处是定语从句,先行词是物,引导词在从句中作主语,排除Btouching感人的;touched感动的此处修饰电影,用ing结尾的形容词,排除CD故选AoC【详解】句意——你认识站在那边的那个女孩吗?——是的她是我的妹妹考查定语从句,when关系副词,在句子中作时间状语;where关系副词,在句子中作地点状语;who关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语分析句子结构,可知是定语从句,从句缺少主语,先行词是girl指人,则此处应用关系代词who在从句中作主语故选CC【详解】句意阿加莎・克里斯蒂是一位被誉为犯罪小说女王的女作家考查关系代词what不能引导定语从句;whose是关系代词,指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语;who是关系代词,指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语根据题干可知,木句是一个定语从句,先行词writer指人,引导词在从句中作主语,因此用关系代词who引导,故选CD【详解】句意——我读过查尔斯・狄更斯写的书——我也是大卫・科波菲尔是我的最爱考查定语从句的引导词how关系副词,引导定语从句,在从句中作状语;who关系代词在这些句子中的booklightflowers前面的修饰语只是简单词,它们对后面的几个名词起一种修饰作用那如果要表达以下几个句子又该怎么办呢?1我昨天买的运本书不贵3那是他们去年住的房子4小明还记得他第一次来广州那^天这时,我们会发现,只用简单词来做修饰语还不行,有的时候需要用句子来表达意思1:Thisbookthat/whichIboughtyesterdayisnotexpensive.2:Themanthat/wholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.3:Thatisthehousewheretheylivedlastyear.4:XiaomingstillremembersthedaywhenhefirstcametoGuangzhou.这些斜体部分的句子就是定语从句我们把在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的句子称之为定语从句上面四句中的bookmanhouseday是定语从句被修饰的词,叫作先行词用来引导从句的thatwhichwho叫作关系代词一般情况下,定语从句放在先行词后面,wherewhen叫作关系副词考向二定语从句的构成及类别引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为人;what不能引导定语从句;that关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为人或物本句中先行词为物,且引导词在从句中作主语,应用that引导定语从句故选DB【详解】句意我永远不会忘记那些在我困难时期帮助过我的人考查定语从句Which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语;whose关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作定语;whom关系代词,指人,在从句中作宾语;句子先行词是people指人,在从句中作主语,应用who引导,故选BA【详解】句意这里发生了巨大的变化我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜考查定语从句此处是定语从句,先行词是不定代词Everything关系代词在定语从句中作主语,只能用that故选AD【详解】句意——你听说过木兰的故事吗?——当然木兰是一个勇敢的女孩,她代替父亲参车考查定语从句和主谓一致whom关系代词,指人,在从句中作宾语;that关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语;句子是定语从句,先行词是girl指人,在从句中作主语,应用who/that引导定语从句,先行词是单数名词,从句谓语动词应用三单形式,故选DA【详解】句意我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方考查定语从句which哪一个;what什么;who谁;whom谁,who的宾语该句为定语从句,且从句中缺宾语,先行词place指物,故应用关系代词which故选AB【详解】句意在我看来,在所有的书中,这是唯一值得一读的考查定语从句关系词根据“ofallthebooksthisistheonlyone”可知先行词theonlyone指物先行词用theonly修饰时,只能用that引导限制性定语从句故选BD【详解】句意——我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢?——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习考查定语从句which先行词指物;whom先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;whose先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语;who先行词指人,在从句中作主语本句先行词是theleft-children指人,且空格处在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句故选D【详解】句意我们跟踪汽车在草地上留下的痕迹考查定语从句mark作名词,意为“记号”,作动词意为“做标记”that是定语从句引导词,所以空处应是先行词,先行词一般是名词或代词,排除BD选项其次,此处特指汽车在草地上留下的痕迹,应用定冠词the修饰名词,故选CD【详解】句意中国在生产最受人欢迎的高科技产品方面正做得更好,这些产品在世界各地都能买到考查定语从句who在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代人;which在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代物;what不能引导定语从句;that在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代物根据“themostpopularhigh-techproducts...canbebought”可知,先行词是products空格上需填一个代替先行词且在从句中作主语的关系代词,用that或which又因为先行词被形容词最高级所修饰,只能用that引导定语从句故选DB【详解】句意——刚才走过的那个女人是你的老师吗?——是的,她教我们英语,我们都非常喜欢她考查定语从句以及代词辨析第一空所在句子是定语从句,先行词woman是指人,在从句中作主语,应用who或that引导定语从句,排除A和C选项us我们,人称代词宾格;our我们的,形容词性物主代词第二空位于动词teach后,应填人称代词宾格作宾语,故选BD【详解】句意我们永远不会忘记在困难时期为人民带来希望的英雄们考查定语从句本句含定语从句,先行词是“theheroes”,指人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选DoB【详解】句意我想对每一个为社区服务的人表示感谢考查定语从句此句是定语从句,everyone是指人,在从句中作主语,用关系词who引导定语从句,故选BA【详解】句意受害者想向警方报告他老板犯下的罪行考查定语从句关系词根据“thecrime...hisbosshadcommitted”可知此处用定语从句,先行词“thecrime”指物且在从句中作宾语,用which引导定语从句故选A【即学即练】Thefactorymyfriendworksisfarfrommyhome.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whatThefactorymyfriendvisitedlastyearisfarfrommyhome.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whatwontforgetthedayIwasbom.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.inwhichwontforgetthedayIspentinNanHuaTemplethreedaysagoA.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat上面的第
1、2题有相似之处,同样,第
3、4题也是第1题答案是B而第2题的是C为什么题目貌似相同,答案却各异呢?我们要分析句子:首先找出句子的主干,第1句Thefactorymyfriendworksisfarfrommyhome”的主干是Thefactoryisfarfrommyhome”然后找出先行词,该句的先行词是factory再看看定语从句部分是从哪里到哪里,不难看出,这个句子的定语从句部分是“myfriendworks想想,如果在横线上填上whichthat可不可以?如果填上去的话,那这个关系词就得在从句中作主语或宾语,但work这个词不是及物动词,从逻辑上讲,其后是不能直接接宾语的,但可带状语所以,该题应选B我们再看第2题,“Thefactorymyfriendvisitedlastyearisfarfrommyhome.5按上述分析法,可以看出定语从句部分“myfriendvisitedlastyear”缺的是宾语,visit的逻辑宾语因此,答案选C请用上述的分析方法自己分析第3和第4题这两题的答案分别为B和Ao考向三定语从句中几个须注意的问题
(一)关于“介词+which/whom”结构我们还是先看几个句子ThepersonwhomyoushouldwritetoisMr.Brown.Thathousethattheyarelivinginbelongstome.ThedaywhichmysisterwasbornonisMarch
1999.Sheshowedmethedictionarywhichshepaidalotmoneyfor.Themanwhomyouspoketolastnightismyfather.考虑一下,把上述五句的介词去掉可否?当然不行,因为句中的whomthatwhich等在从句中无法做动词的宾语,那么就要在动词后加个合适的介词,句子才通因此,这些句子也可说成ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Brown.Thathouseinwhichtheyarelivingbelongstome.ThedayonwhichmysisterwasbomisMarch
1999.Sheshowedmethedictionaryforwhichshepaidalotmoney.Themantowhomyouspokelastnightismyfather.注意1在第2句中的介词in如果要前置放到关系词前面,则不能写成Thathouseinthattheyarelivingbelongstome.应该写成Thathouseinwhichtheyarelivingbelongstome.2含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面如lookforlookaftertakecareof等Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)
(二)关于“介词+whose+名词”结构首先我们来看两个句子Thebosswenttothehospital.MrKingworkedinthebossscompany.如果我们要把这两句话整合成一句话,该怎样做呢?可能同学们会想到以下的答案MrKingworkedinthecompanywhosebosswenttothehospital.但是更贴近原意的表达应该是怎么样的呢?这类定语从句并不太难其实我们可以把它理解为“介词+关系词”与whose的定语从句的结合体ThebossinwhosecompanyMr.Kingworkedwenttothehospital.
(三)关于只用that不用which的时候这样的情况通常有4种.当先行词有最高级形容词修饰时,定语从句通常用关系代词that来引导,如Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveseen..当先行词前有序数词,onlyverythefirstthelast等修饰词时,定语从句也常用that来引导如Sheistheonlyperson(that)Icanbelievein.Thatisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismorning..当先行词之前有不定代词allanyeveryno等词时,其后的定语从句常用that来引导如Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.Thisisall(that)Icantellyou..当先行词既指人有指事物的时候,如Heisnotinterestedinthepeopleandthethingsthathesawinthemarket.
(四)关于只用which不用that的时候1在非限制性定语从句2在定语从句中,用来代替事物或前面的句子的时候(详见下面的内容)考向四限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句关于非限制性定语从句(非限制性定语从句也称为非限定性定语从句)对于这项内容的基本问题,主要掌握好在非限制性定语从句中从句和主句间往往用逗号隔开这一特征,而且要注意,在非限制性定语从句中的关系词不用that如YesterdayImetLiPingwhoseemedtobeverybusy.Thedamwhichisthebiggestintheworldis3800metreslong.Theworkerssomeofwhomstayedforfouryearscamefromdifferentcountries.1限制性定语从句和主句关系密切,如果省略了,主句的意思不明确,而且主句和从句之间不用逗号分开而非限制性定语从句则不同ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodnovelwhichisfamousandpopular.又如ShehasasonwhostudiesinBritain.她有个在美国留学的儿子(意思含有她可能还有别的孩子)ShehasasonwhostudiesinBritain.她有个儿子在美国留学(意思含有她只有一个儿子)2限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是部分或整个主句此时一般由关系代词which或as来引导如:Jennywaslateagainwhichmadeherteacherangry.MywifeispatientwithmysonwhichIamseldom.IamgoodatEnglishasyouknow.Ashepointedoutyourwordswerewrong(as弓I导非限制性定语从句时,可以在主句的前或后)用which代替整个句子的用法Thebambooishollowwhichmakesitverylight.Tomwasplayinghisgameboywhichmadehisteacherquiteangry.as和which的用法as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和thesame...assuch...as的结构中l.as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句,并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语Hemarriedthegirlaswhichwasnatural.Heseemedaforeigneraswhichinfacthewas.不同的是as引导的定语从句可以前置,而which不行Aswasnaturalhemarriedthegirl.Asweknowtheearthisround.
2.在thesame…assuch.・・as结构中,samesuch之后应是名词Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.这些结构也可以用which改写但要去掉这种结构,不能直接用which代替aso以上两句分别可以改写成Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.注意thesame...asthesame...that引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是前者修饰的是与原物同样的;而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西是比较ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样不是同一只ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢失的那一只表同一只【即学即练】isknowntoeveryonethemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.NMET01A.ThatB.ItC.WhichD.As2Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygoodwehadn9texpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what.ismentionedabovethenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing..Thosehousesaresoldatsuchalowpricepeopleexpected.(上00)A.likeB.asC.thatD.which分析1—4DCBB
①as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前、之后或插在句中,而which引导的从句只能放在主句后面如题1as引导的从句置于句首
②as引导定语从句有“正如”、“就像”之意,而which没有,如题2和题3
③在固定结构“such...as,“thesame...as“中用as而不用which如题4—JennyItalkedbacktomymotherlastnight.WhatshouldIdo—Youaresupposedtosaysorry.Parentsarethepeopleloveyouintheworld.Chancesbelongtothosekeeptrying.Aslongasyoukeepworkinghardyoullgetabigsuccesssoonerorlater.Curling(冰壶)isawintersportisgettingmoreandmorepopularinChina..Johnistheboylegswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoB.whichC.whomThisistheskirtIboughtyesterday.A.whoB.whomC.whereAfterretiringmyteacherMr.Daimovedtothevillagehewasbornsixtyyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.whatThisisthesmallvillageinnnotlongago.A.westayedB.wherewestayedC.whichwestayedD.wherewestayedinItsanorganizationcanhelppoorchildren.Isthisthegirlyoumetyesterday—ThesedaysmanykidsareveryinterestedinthesongLonelyWarriors.Why一Maybetheythinkitsasonghasgreatlyricsandrhrhythm.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what一Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike一Ilikethemoviescanmakemelaugh.A.whereB.whatC.whichD.when一HaveyoureadthebookTheoldmanandtheseawrittenbytheAmericanwriterHemingway一Ofcourseanamazingstory.ItsthebestbookIveeverread.A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that一Doyouknowtheboyisunderthetree一Ohheismycousin.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whoseMichaelJacksonwasasingerisconsideredasthekingofpopmusic.A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.which—Haveyouheardoftheplacehevisitedlastsummer一YesitistheveryplacethegreatwriterLuXunwasbom.A.where;whereB.where;thatC./;whereD.that;thatThewomanisthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whatThewomanisthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.whomB.whatC.whichD.whoCouldyoutellmetheresultofthediscussionyouhadmadeinthemeetingjustnowA.whoB.whenC.howD.thatAsweallknowadoctorisapersonlooksafterpeopleshealth.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom件模拟检测■一.—DoyouknowwhoSuBingtianis一YesheisafamousrunnersetthenewAsianrecordof
9.83secondinmens100-meterraceatthe2020TokyoOlympics.关系代词That人,物主语宾语Thehousethatwasbuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.TheteacherthatteachesusisateacherofEnglish.Which物宾语主语Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidnftneedmuchwaterwhich在从句中作主语Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.which在从句中作宾语Who人主语宾语ThemenwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.who在从句中作主语*Whom人宾语ThemanwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.whom在从句中作宾语Whos人,物定语11knowaboywhosemotherisateacherinoureschool.2Helikethebookwhose封面isapicture.注在whose后面,一定要有名词,因为它起到定语的作用,用来修饰名词as人,物主语宾语ThisisasamepenasIlostyesterday.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.关系副词Where地点状语ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisIthewestofthecity.Why原因状语Thereasonwhyyouwerelatewasunbelievable.When时间状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.。