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TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS2015-GRADEEIGHT-TIMELIMIT:195MINPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION35MINSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtakenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarkedhutyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisoveryouwillhegiventwominutestocheckyournotesandanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEusingnomorethanthreewordsineachgap.Makesurethewordsyoufillinisarebothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask..Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.UnderstandingAcademicLecturesListeningtoacademiclecturesisanimportanttaskforuniversitystudents.ThenhowcanwecomprehendalectureefficientlyUnderstandall11A.wordsB.22—stress一intonation―⑶/⑶ILAddinginformationlectures:sharinginformationwithaudiencelisteners:44sourcesofinformation一knowledgeof55一6oftheworld6listeninginvolvingthreesteps:一hearing—⑺7一adding88A.reasons一overcomenoise一savetimeB.79——content一organizationEvaluatingwhilelisteninghelptodecidethe10ofnotes10helptorememberinformationSECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.
1.Theresathinksthatthepresentgovernmentis.TRANSLATION60MINSECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHTranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.茶花camellia的自然花期在12月至翌年4月,以红色系为主,另有黄色系和白色系等,花色艳丽本届花展充分展示了茶花的品种资源和科研水平,是近三年来本市规模最大的一届茶花展为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会,本届茶花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区,为赏花游客带来便利此次茶花展历时2个月,展期内200多个茶花品种将陆续亮相SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESETranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.Atitsheartpsycholinguisticworkconsistsoftwoquestions.OneisWhatknowledgeoflanguageisneededforustouselanguageInasensewemustknowalanguagetouseitbutwearenotalwaysfullyawareofthisknowledge.Adistinctionmaybedrawnbetweentacitknowledgeandexplicitknowledge.Tacitknowledgereferstotheknowledgeofhowtoperformvariousactswhereasexplicitknowledgereferstotheknowledgeoftheprocessesormechanismsusedintheseacts.Wesometimesknowhowtodosomethingwithoutknowinghowwedoit.Forinstanceabaseballpitcher投手mightknowhowtothrowabaseball90milesanhourbutmighthavelittleornoexplicitknowledgeofthemusclegroupsthatareinvolvedinthisact.Similarlywemaydistinguishbetweenknowinghowtospeakandknowingwhatprocessesareinvolvedinproducingspeech.Generallyspeakingmuchofourlinguisticknowledgeistacitratherthanexplicit.WRITING45MINTherehasbeenanewtrendineconomicactivity—thesharingeconomy.Thebiggestsectorofthesharingeconomyistravel.Youcanfindapotentialhostthroughawebsite.Ifyoubothgetalongandtheyareavailableduringyourplannedtripyoustandachanceofgettingaplacetostayfbrfree.Inadditionpeoplealsousewebsitesandappstorentouttheircarshousestoolsclothesandservicestooneanother.Timemagazinehasincludedthistrendinalisttitled10ideasthatwillchangetheworld.Itsaid:nInanerawhenfamiliesarescatteredandwemaynotknowthepeopledownthestreetsharingthings-evenwithstrangerswevejustmetonline-allowsustomakemeaningfulconnections.nWhatdoyouthinkofTimescommentWriteanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:MyViewsonSharingEconomyInthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyournutinargumentandinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontentorganizationlanguageandappropriateness.Failuretofallowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEETFOUR..—THEENDTESTFORENGLISHMAJORS2015-GRADEEIGHT-2015年英语专业八级TEM8参考答案PartIListeningComprehension-SectionAMini-lecture
1.partsoflanguage
2.sound/vocalfeathers
3.rhythm
4.absorbing
5.subjection
6.experience
7.reinterpreting
8.prediction
9.whattolisten
10.importanceSECTIONBINTERVIEW1-5CADBASECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST6-10DCBACPARTIIReadingComprehension11-15CDBCB16-20ACDAC21-25DABDD26-30CADACPARTIIIGeneralKnowledge31-35ACADC36-40ADCAAPARTVIProofreadingErrorCorrection
1.Looked改为Looking
2.she前力口had
3.complimentary改为compliment
4.去掉it
5.very改为too
6.which前加in
7.specially改为especially
8.for改为about
9.aspect改为case
10.去掉beenPartVTranslation—SectionAChineseToEnglishCamelliasfloweringperiodstartsfromDecemberandendsinthenextAprilandthecolorsoftheflowersarebrightandshowywithredinmajorityyellowwhiteandothercolorsinminority.Ifsthecityslargestcamelliashowinrecentthreeyearswhichfullydisplayscamelliasvariousspeciesaswellashuman9sscientificresearchlevelofit.Inordertoprovidethemajorityofplant-loverswithmoreopportunitiestocloselyappreciatethebeautyofcamelliatheareaoftheCamelliaShowisextendedtothewholegardensothatitcanbringmoreconvenienceforthevisitors.TheCamelliaShowtakesovertwomonthsinwhichmorethan200variouscamelliaswillbepresentedsuccessively.SectionBEnglishtoChinese心理语言学的研究包括两个核心问题第一,我们使用语言需要什么语言知识?从某种意义上说,我们必须拥有某种语言的知识才能使用该语言,但却并不总是能完全意识到这种知识我们可能要对隐性知识和显性知识加以区分隐性知识是指如何执行各种动作所拥有的知识,而显性知识是指在这些动作中使用的过程或者机制所蕴含的知识有时,我们知道如何做某事,却无法说出我们是怎么做的比如,一名棒球投手可能知道如何以每小时90英里的速度把球抛出去,但对有关参与此活动的肌群的显性知识却知之甚少,或一无所知同样地,我们知道如何说话,但却不清楚言语产生包含哪些过程总的来说,我们的大多数语言知识都是隐性知识而非显性知识PARTVIWritingMyViewsontheSharingEconomyThesharingeconomyreferstotheeconomicpatterninwhichpeopleshareaccesstoresourcessuchasgoodsservicesanddata.Thisnewlyemergingtrendwouldbeimpossiblewithoutthedevelopmentoftechnology.ItistheInternetthatmakesthesharingcheaperandeasierandhelpstostrikeabalancebetweensupplyanddemand.Timemagazinehaslistedthesharingeconomyasoneofthe10ideasthatwillchangetheworld”.AsfarasthecommentisconcernedIcannotagreewithTimemore.Asoneofthegreatestbenefitsofthedigitalagethesharingeconomyarisesfromouroldestinstinctashumanbeings.Thereisalwaysanurgeforustoconnectwithothersespeciallyinanerawhenfamiliesarescatteredandwedonotreallyknowthepeoplewholivenearby.IthasbeensaidthatJoyssharedwithothersaremoreenjoyed.Howeverinmyeyestheresourcessharedwithothersaremorebeneficialtooursociety.Ontheonehandsharingeconomyleadstoamoreefficientuseofresources.Someitemsareexpensivetobuybutwidelyownedbypeoplewhodonotmakethebestuseofthem.Occasionalsharingmayprovideextraincomefortheownersandcanbelesscostlyfortheborrowers.Ifmanagedwellawin-winsituationisachievedforbothpartiesintheprocess.Besidessharingeconomycontributestoenvironmentalprotection.Takeaccommodationforexample.Themorehotelsarebuiltthemoreresourcesarerequiredwhichmightinturnresultinadecreaseinarablelandandpublicgreenspace.OntheotherhandthetransactioncostisreducedduetotheuseofInternetandvariousapps.Withasmartphoneinyourhanditisnotdifficulttofindapotentialhostintheneighboringarea.PeoplearemeetingincreasinglyonscreensdiscussingonlineandpurchasinggoodsdomesticandoverseaspayingthroughInternetpaymentsystem.TosummarizealthoughthesharingeconomyisnotperfectatpresentbecauseofconcernsininsurancelegalliabilitysafetyandthelikeIbelievequitefirmlythatitrepresentsthefuturetrendandhasthepowertochangetheworldfortheconvenienceandflexibilityitbringstous.JustastheoldChinesesayinggoesthedefectscannotobscurethevirtuesofasplendidjadeandIassumeitalsoappliestothesharingeconomy.(*注意以上资料均源自网络,如有错漏,欢迎指正!*)A.doingwhattheyhavepromisedtoschoolsB.creatingopportunitiesforleadinguniversitiesC.reducingopportunitiesforstateschoolpupilsD.consideringremovingbarriersforstateschoolpupilsWhatdoesTheresaseeasaprobleminsecondaryschoolsnowThegovernmenthasloweredstatepupilsexpectations.ThenumberofstatepupilsapplyingtoOxfordfailstoincrease.Universitiesarenotworkinghardtoacceptstateschoolpupils.Leadinguniversitiesarerejectingstateschoolpupils.InTheresa9sviewschoolfreedommeansthatschoolsshould.A.begivenmorefundingfromeducationauthoritiesB.begivenmoreopportunitiesandchoicesC.begrantedgreaterpowertorunthemselvesD.begivenallthemoneyanddecidehowtospenditAccordingtoTheresawhodecidesordecidemoneyforschoolsatthepresentLocaleducationauthoritiesandsecondaryschoolstogether.Localeducationauthoritiesandthecentralgovernment.LocaleducationauthoritiesonlyThecentralgovernmentonly.ThroughoutthetalktheinterviewersdoesallthefollowingEXCEPT.A.supportingtheintervieweeB.challengingtheintervieweeC.askingforclarificationD.initiatingtopicsSECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitemyyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.WhatisthemainideaofthenewsitemA.FewerpeoplewatchTVonceaweek.B.SmartphonesandtabletshavereplacedTV.C.BiggerTVsetshaveattractedmorepeople.D.Newtechnologyhasledtomorefamilytime.Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitemyouwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.WhatdidtheresearchersdiscoverinnorthernKenyaHowmanylawmakersvotedforthemarijuanalegalizationbillThepassingofthebillmeansthatmarijuanacanbe.A.boughtbypeopleunder18B.boughtindrugstoresC.madeavailabletodrugaddictsD.providedbythegovernmentQuestions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitemyouwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.WhatdidthereviewofglobaldatarevealA.Goodsanitationledtoincreaseinheight.B.Diarrheaisacommondisease.C.Thereweremanyproblemsofpoorsanitation.D.Africanchildrenliveinworsesanitaryconditions.ThepurposeofDr.AlanDangoufsstudywasmostlikelytolookintofactorsaffectingthegrowthofchildreninvestigatehowtotacklesymptomslikediarrheaexaminelinksbetweensanitationanddeathfromillnessreviewandcompareconditionsindifferentcountriesPARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION30MINInthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.TEXTAThefutureofnewsBacktothecoffeehouseIn2011manyshoppersoptedtoavoidthefreneticcrowdsanddotheirholidayshoppingfromthecomfortoftheircomputer.Salesatonlineretailersgainedbymorethan15%makingitthebiggestseasonever.Butpeoplearealsoreturningthosepurchasesatrecordratesup8%fromlastyear.WhatwentwrongIsthelingeringshadowoftheglobalfinancialcrisismakingithardertoacceptextravagantindulgencesOrdopeopleshopmoreimpulsively-andthereforemakebaddecisions-whenonlineBothargumentsareplausible.Howeverthereisathirdfactor:aquestionoftouch.Wecanlovethelookbutinanonlineenvironmentwecannotfeelthequalityofatexturetheshapeofthefitthefallofafoldortheweightofanearring.Andphysicallyinteractingwithanobjectmakesyoumorecommittedtoyourpurchase.WhenmymostrecentbookBrandwashedwasreleasedIteamedupwithalocalbookstoretoconductanexperimentaboutthedifferencesbetweentheonlineandofflineshopping.Icarefullyinstructedagroupofvolunteerstopromotemybookintwodifferentways.Thefirstwasafairlyhands-offapproach.Wheneveracustomerwouldinquireaboutmybookthevolunteerwouldtakethemovertotheshelfandpointtoit.Outof20suchrequestssixcustomersproceededwiththepurchase.Thesecondoptionalsoinvolvedgoingovertotheshelfbutthistimeremovingthebookandthensubtlyholdingontoitforjustanextramomentbeforeplacingitinthecustomershands.Ofthe20peoplewhowerehandedthebook13endedupbuyingit.Justphysicallypassingthebookshowedabigdifferenceinsales.WhyWefeelsomethingsimilartoasenseofownershipwhenweholdthingsinourhand.Thatswhyweestablishorreestablishconnectionbygreetingstrangersandfriendswithahandshake.Inthiscasehavingtothenletgoofthebookafterholdingitmightgenerateasubtlesenseoflossandmotivateustomakethepurchaseevenmore.ArecentstudyconductedbyBangorUniversitytogetherwiththeUnitedKingdomsRoyalMailservicealsorevealedthepoweroftouchinthiscasewhenitcametosnailmail.Adeeperandlonger-lastingimpressionofamessagewasformedwhendeliveredinaletterasopposedtoreceivingthesamemessageonline.FMRIs(功能性磁共振成像)showedthatontouchingthepapertheemotionalcentreofthebrainwasactivatedthusformingastrongerbond.Thestudyalsoindicatedthatoncetouchbecomespartoftheprocessitcouldtranslateintoasenseofpossession.Inotherwordswesimplyfeelmorecommittedtopossessandthusbuyanitemwhenwevefirsttouchedit.Thissenseofownershipissimplynotpartoftheequationintheonlineshoppingexperience.Astheritualsofpurchaseinthelead-uptoChristmaschangenotonlydowegivelessthoughttothetypeofgiftswebuyforourlovedonesbutthroughourowndigitalwishlistsweincreasinglycontrolwhattheybuyforus.Therealityhoweveristhatnomatterhowconvincedweallarethatdigitalisthewaytogofindingrealsatisfactionwillprobablytakemorethanafewsimpleclicks.AccordingtotheauthorshoppersarereturningtheirpurchasesforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat.theyareunsatisfiedwiththequalityofthepurchasetheyeventuallyfindthepurchasetooexpensivetheychangetheirmindoutofuncertaintytheyregretmakingthepurchasewithoutforethought
12.WhatisthepurposeoftheexperimentinthebookstoreToseewhichpromotionmethodispreferredbycustomers.Tofindoutthestrengthsandweaknessesofbothmethods.Totrytosetupanewretailer-customerrelationship.Toseetheeffectofanapproachoncustomers1decisions.WhydoestheauthorcitethestudybyBangorUniversityandtheRoyalMailServiceTocomparesimilarresponsesindifferentsettings.Toprovidefurtherevidenceforhisownobservation.Toofferascientificaccountofthebrainsfunctions.Todescribeemotionalresponsesinonlineshopping.WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphDespiteonlineshoppingwestillattachimportancetogiftbuying.Somepeoplearestilluncertainaboutthedigitalage.Realsatisfactiondependsonfactorsotherthanthecomputer.Onlineshoppingoffersrealsatisfactiontoshoppers.TEXTBMyprofessorbrotherandIhaveanargumentaboutheadandheartaboutwhetherheovervaluesIQwhileIleanmoretowardEQ.Wetypicallyhavethisdebateaboutpeople—canyoubefriendswithareallysmartjerk(怪物)?——buttherescorollarytoanimalsaswell.FdloveitifourdogcouldfetchthemorningpaperandthenreadittomeovercoffeebutIactuallycaremuchmoreaboutherloyalandinnocentheart.Theresalreadyenoughthinkinggoingoninourhouseandweprobablyspendtoomuchtimeinourheads.Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinctandthatswhereadogisarovingrevelation.Ididnotgrowupwithdogswhichmeantthatmyolderdaughtersrespectfulbutunyieldingdeterminationtogetonerequiredsomeadjustmentonmypart.Ioftenfeltshewastrainingme:fromagesof6to9shegentlyschooledmeinvariousbreedsandtheirpersonalitieswhisperedtothedogsweencounteredsotheywouldcharmandpersuademedemonstratedbyherself-disciplinethatshewasreadyfortheresponsibility.AndthuscameourdogTwistwhomIsometimesmistakeforathirddaughter.AtfirstIthoughtthechallengewouldbetotrainhertosittoheeltowalkcalmlybesideusandnotgowildlychasingtheneighbourhoodrabbits.ButIsoondiscoveredhowmuchmorewehadtolearnfromherthanshefromus.Ifitistrueforexamplethatthesecrettoachild*ssuccessislessraregeniusthanrawpersistenceTwistsabilitytostayontaskisamodelforusallespeciallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicksaroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside.Sheneversucceedsandshenevergivesup.Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls.Thenthereisherunfailingpatiencewhichbreaksdownonlywhenshesensesthatdinnertimewas15minutesagoandwehavesomehowfailedtonotice.EventhensheismoreeagerthanindignantandherrefusaltowhineshowsarestraintofwhichImnotalwayscapablewhenhungry.ButthelessonIvaluemostistheoneinforgivenessandTwistfirstofferedthiswhenshewasstillveryyoung.Whenshewasabout7monthsoldwetookhertothevettobespayed(切除卵巢).Weturnedherovertoastrangerwhoproceededtoperformaprocedurethatwasprobablynotpleasant.Butwhenthevetreturnedhertouslimpandtendertherewasnorecrimination(反责)noHowcouldyoudothattomeItwasasthoughshealreadyknewthatwewouldnotintentionallycauseherpainandwhileshedidnotunderstandsheforgaveandcurledupwithherheadonmydaughterslap.Isupposewecouldhaveconcludedthatshewasjustblindlyloyalanddocile.Buteventuallyweknewbetter.Sheisentirelycapableofdisobedienceasshehasprovedmanytimes.Shewillignoreuswhentherearemoreinterestingthingstolookatrebukeuswhenwearecarelessbarkintothetwilightwhenshehasurgentmessagestosend.Butherpatiencewithourfailingsandficklenessandherwillingnesstogiveusasecondchanceareadailylessoningratitude.Myfriendswhogrewupwithdogstellmehowwhentheywereteenagersandtrustednooneintheworldtheycouldtelltheirdogalltheirsecrets.Itwastheonefriendwhowouldnotgossiporbetraycouldprovideinthemiddleofthenightthesoftunbegrudgingcomfortandpeacethatadolescenceconspirestodisrupt.Anagethatisallaboutgrowthandriskneedssomeanchorsandweightsamodelofsteadfastnesswhenallelseisinflux.SometimesIthinkTwistsdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleashonethathangsquietlyattheirsideastheytrotalongbutoccasionallyyanksthembacktosafetyandsolidground.Weveweighedsomanydecisionssocarefullyinraisingourdaughters-whatschooltosendthemtoandwhatchurchtoattendwhentogivethemcellphonesandwithwhatprecautions.ButwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamilyIneverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat.apersoncaneitherhaveahighIQoralowEQweneedexamplesofhowtofollowonesheartherprofessorbrothercarestoomuchaboutIQsheprefersdogsthatarecleverandloyalAccordingtothepassageallthefollowingareTwistscharacteristicsEXCEPT.A.resignationB.patienceC.forgivenessD.tenacityAccordingtothecontextthemeaningofthewordsquareisclosestto.A.fastB.blindlyC.straightD.stubbornlyThatTwistsdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleashmeansthat.A.TwistiscapableoflookingafterthegirlsB.TwistandthegirlshavebecomefriendsC.TwistknowshowtofollowthegirlsD.TwistsloyaltyhelpsthegirlsgrowupWhatdoestheauthortrytoexpressinthelastparagraphA.GratitudetoTwistforherrole.B.Difficultiesinraisingherchildren.C.Worriesaboutwhattobuyforkids.D.Concernsaboutschoolingandreligion.TEXTCMostWestAfricanlomesarenotinwhatonewouldcallthefirstflushofyouthandIhadlearntbybitterexperiencenottoexpectanythingverymuchofthem.ButthelorrythatarrivedtotakemeuptothemountainswasworsethananythingIhadseenbefore:ittotteredonthebordersofseniledecay.ItstoodthereonbuckledwheelswheezingandgaspingwithexhaustionfromhavingtoclimbupthegentleslopetothecampandIconsignedmyselfandmyloadstoitwithsomefear.Thedriverwhowasacheerfulfellowpointedoutthathewouldrequiremyassistanceintwoverynecessaryoperations:firstIhadtokeepthehandbrakepresseddownwhentravellingdownhillforunlessitwasheldthusalmostlevelwiththeflooritsullenlyrefusedtofunction.SecondlyIhadtokeepastemeyeontheclutchawillfulpieceofmechanismthatseizedeverychancetoleapoutofitssocketwithanoiselikeastranglingleopard.AsitwasobviousthatnotevenaWestAfricanlorry-drivercouldbesuccessfulindrivingwhilecrouchedunderthedashboardIhadtotakeovercontrolofthoseinstrumentsifIvaluedmylife.SowhileIduckedatintervalstoputonthebrakeamidtherichsmellofburningrubberournoblelorryjerkeditswaytowardsthemountainsatasteadytwentymilesperhour;sometimeswhenadownwardslopefavouredititthrewcautiontothewindsandcareered(猛冲)alonginarecklessfashionattwenty-five.Forthefirstthirtymilestheredearthroadwounditswaythroughthelowlandforestthegianttreesstandinginsolidranksalongsideandtheirbranchesentwined(盘绕)inanarchwayofleavesaboveus.Slowlyandalmostimperceptiblytheroadstartedtoclimbupwardsloopingitswayinlanguidcurvesroundtheforestedhills.Inthebackofthelorrytheboyslifteduptheirvoicesinsong:HomeagainhomeagainWhenshallIseemahomeThedriverhummedtherefrain(副歌)softlytohimselfglancingatmetoseeifIwouldobject.TohissurpriseIjoinedinandsowhilethelorryrolledonwardstheboysinthebackmaintainedthechoruswhilethedriverandIharmonizedandsangcomplicatedbits..Breaksintheforestbecamemorefrequentthehigherweclimbedandpresentlyanewtypeofundergrowthbegantoappear:massivetree-fernsstandingattheroadsideontheirthicksquathairytrunks.Thesefemsweretheguardiansofanewworldforsuddenlyasthoughthehillshadshmggedthemselvesfreeofacloaktheforestdisappeared.Itlaybehindusinthevalleywhileaboveusthehillsiderosemajesticallycoveredinacoatofwaist-highgrass.Thelorrycrepthigherandhighertheenginegaspingandshudderingwiththisunaccustomedactivity.Ibegantothinkthatweshouldhavetopushthewretchedthingupthelasttwoorthreehundredfeetbuttoeveryonessuiprisewemadeitandthelorrycreptontothebrowofthehilltremblingwithfatiguespoutingsteamfromitsradiatorlikeadyingwhale.Wecrawledtoastandstillandthedriverswitchedofftheengine.Wemustwaitsmall-timeenginegethot/heexplainedpointingtotheforequartersofthelorrywhichwerebynowcompletelyinvisibleunderacloudofsteam.ThankfullyIdescendedfromthered-hotinsideofthecabandstrolleddowntowheretheroaddippedintothenextvalley.FromthisvantagepointIcouldseethecountrywehadtravelledthroughandthecountryweweretoenter.Thatittotteredonthebordersofseniledecaymeansthatthelorrywas.A.abouttobreakdownB.unabletotravelthedistanceC.averyoldvehicleD.adangerousvehicleWhichofthefollowingwordsinthefirstparagraphisusedliterallyA.Flush.B.Borders.C.Gasping.D.Operations.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthorregardstheinadequaciesofthelorryas.A.inevitableandamusingB.dangerousandfrighteningC.novelandunexpectedD.welcomeandinterestingAllthefollowingwordsinthelastbutoneparagraphdescribethelorryasahumanEXCEPT.A.tremblingB.spoutingC.shudderingD.creptWecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorwas.boredbytheappearanceofthegrasslandsaheadreluctanttodoanywalkinginsohotaclimateunfriendlytowardsthelocaldriverandboysalittlesurprisedtohavetohelpdrivethelorryAsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe.A.AjourneythatscaredmeB.ThewildWestAfricanlorryC.AjourneytorememberD.AcomicjourneyinWestAfricaTEXTDHaveyouevernoticedacertainsimilarityinpublicparksandbackgardensinthecitiesoftheWestAubiquitouswoodlandmixoflawngrassesandtreeshasfounditswaythroughoutEuropeandtheUnitedStatesanditsnowspreadtoothercitiesaroundtheworld.AsecologistPeterGroffmanhasnoteditsincreasinglydifficulttotellonesuburbapartfromanotherevenwhentheyrelocatedinvastlydifferentclimatessuchasPhoenixArizonaorBostoninthemuchchilliernorth-eastoftheUS.AndwhydoparksinNewZealandoftenfeaturethesamespeciesoftreesthatgrowontheothersideoftheworldintheUKInspiredbytheEnglishandNewEnglandcountiysidesearlylandscapearchitectsofthe19thcentuiycreatedanaestheticforurbanpublicandprivateopenspacethatpersiststothisday.Butinthe21stcenturyurbangreenspaceistaskedwithdoingfarmorethansimplyprovidingaestheticappeal.Fromnaturalsystemstodealwithsurfacewaterrun-offandpollutiontogreencorridorstoincreasinginterestinurbanfoodproductiontheurbanparksofthefuturewillbedesignedandengineeredfbrfunctionalityaswellasforbeauty.Imaginetravellingamongthecitiesofthemid-21stcenturyandfindingauniquesetofurbanlandscapesthatcapturelocalbeautynaturalandculturalhistoryandtheenvironmentalcontext.Theyaretunedtotheirlocalityanddiversewithinaswellasacrosscities.Therearepatchesthatprovideshadeandcoolingplacesoflocalfoodproductionandcorridorsthatconnectbothresidentsandwildlifetothesurroundingnativeenvironment.Theirfunctionsaremeasuredandmonitoredtomeettheuniqueneedsofeachcityfbrfoodproductionwaterusenutrientrecyclingandhabitat.Notwogreenspacesarequitethesame.Plannersarealreadystartingtoworktowardsthisvision.Andifthismovementhasabuzzworditis“hyperfunctionality”——designswhichprovidemultipleusesinaconfinedspace.Atthemomenturbanlandscapesarehighlymanagedandlimitedintheirspatialextent.Eventhe“greencitiesofthefuturewillcontainextensiveareasofbuildingsroadsrailwaysandotherbuiltstructures.Thesefuturecitiesarelikelytocontainahigherproportionofgreencoverthanthecitiesoftodaywithanincreasingfbcusonplantingonroofsverticalwallsandsurfaceslikecarparks.Butbuiltenvironmentswillstillbeever-presentindensemegacities.Wecangreatlyenhancetheutilityofgreenspacethroughdesignsthatprovidearangeofdifferentusesinaconfinedspace.Ahyperfunctionalplantingforexamplemightbedesignedtoprovidefoodshadewildlifehabitatandpollutionremovalallinthesamegardenwiththerightchoiceofplantsandmanagementpractices.Whatthismeansisthatwehavetomaximizethebenefitsandusesofurbanparkswhileminimizingthecostsofbuildingandmaintainingthem.CurrentlygreenspaceandstreetplantingsarerelativelysimilarthroughouttheWesternworldregardlessofdifferencesinlocalclimategeographyandnaturalhistory.Evendesertcitiesfeaturethesamesizablestreettreesandwell-wateredandwell-fertilizedlawnsthatyoumightseeinmoretemperateclimes.ThemovementtoreducetheresourcesandwaterrequirementsofsuchurbanlandscapesinthesearidareasiscalledHxeriscapingn一aconceptthathasso-farreceivedmixedresponsesintermsofpublicacceptance.ScottYabikuandcolleaguesattheCentralArizonaPhoenixprojectshowedthatnewcomerstothedesertembracexeriscapingmorethanlong-timeresidentswhoaremorelikelytopreferthewell-wateredaesthetic.Inpartthismaybebecausexeriscapingisjustifiedmorebyreducinglandscapingcosts-inthiscasewatercosts-thanbyprovidingdesiredbenefitslikerecreationpollutionmitigationandculturalvalue.Fromthisperspectivexeriscapingcanseemmorelikeacompromisethananasset.Butthereareotherwaystomakeourparksandnaturalspacesdomore.NanEllinoftheEcologicalPlanningCenterintheUSadvocatesanasset-basedapproachtourbanism.Insteadofenvisioningcitiesintermsofwhattheycanthaveecologicalplannersarebeginningtoframethediscussionoffuturecitiesintermsofwhattheydohave-theirnaturalandculturalassets.InUtahsSaltLakeCityinsteadofcouchingenvironmentalplanningasanissueofresourcescarcitythefutureparkisdescribedasnmountainurbanism11andthestrongassociationoflocalresidentswiththenaturalenvironmentofthemountainrangesneartheirhome.Fromthisstartingpointthelocalclimatevegetationpatternsofrainandsnowfallandmountaintopographyarealldeemednaturalassetsthatcreateanewperspectivewhenitcomestocreatingurbangreenspace.InCairnsAustraliathelocalmasterplanembracestropicalurbanismthatconveysasenseofplacethroughlandscapingfeatureswhilealsoprovidingimportantfunctionssuchasshadingandcoolinginthistropicalclimate.Thegloballyhomogenizedlandscapeaesthetic-whichseesparksfromBostontoBrisbanelookingworryinglysimilar—willdiminishinimportanceasfutureurbangreenspacewillbemorereceptivetolocalvaluesandculturalperceptionsofbeauty.Thiswillleadtoaforgreaterdiversityofurbanlandscapedesignsthanareapparenttoday.Alreadyweareseeingnewpurposesforurbanlandscapingthataretransformingthe20thcenturywoodlandparkintobioswales—plantingsdesignedtofilterstormwater——greenroofswildlifecorridorsandurbanfoodgardens.Howeveruntilrecentlywehavebeenlackingthedatasetsandscience-basedspecificationsfbrdesignsthatworktoserveallofthesepurposesatonce.InNewYorkCityThomasWhitlowofCornellUniversitysendshisstudentsthroughtree-linedstreetswithportablebackpack-mountedairqualitymonitors.Athomeinhislaboratoryheplacestreebranchesinwindtunnelstomeasurepollutiondepositionontoleaves.Itturnsoutthatcurrentlymanystreettreeplantingsareineffectiveatremovingairpollutantsandinsteadmaytrappollutantsneartheground.Ratherthanrelyingonassumptionsabouttheroleofurbanvegetationinimprovingtheenvironmentandhealthfuturelandscapingdesignswillbeengineeredbasedonempiricaldataandstateoftheartofsimulations.Newdatasetsontheperformanceofurbanlandscapesarechangingourviewofwhatfutureurbanparkswilllooklikeandwhatitwilldo.Withprecisemeasurementsofpollutantuptakewateruseplantgrowthratesandgreenhousegasemissionswearebetterabletodesignlandscapesthatrequirelessintensivemanagementandarelesscostlywhileprovidingmoresocialandenvironmentaluses.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingservesastheBESTreasonforthesimilarityinurbangreenspacethroughouttheWestA.Climate.B.Geography.C.Designprinciples.D.Functionalpurposes.ThefollowingareallfeaturesoffutureurbangreenspaceEXCEPTthat.eachcityhasitsdistinctstyleofurbangreenspaceurbanlandscapewillfocusmoreonculturalhistoryurbangreenspacewillbedesignedtoservemanyusesmoregreencoverwillbeseenoncityroofsandwallsWhyaresomelocalresidentsopposedtonxeriscapingnA.Itcannotreducewaterrequirements.B.Ithasprovedtobetoocostly.C.Itisnotsuitedfbrthelocalarea.D.Itdoesnothaveenoughadvantages.Accordingtothepassageifplannersadoptanasset-basedapproachtheywillprobably.incorporatethearea*snaturalandculturalheritageintotheirdesignmakecarefulestimationoftheareasnaturalresourcesbeforedesigningcombinenaturalresourcesandpracticalfunctionsintheirdesignenvisionmorepurposesforurbanlandscapingintheirdesignAccordingtothepassagefuturelandscapingdesignswillrelymoreon.A.humanassumptionsB.scientificestimationC.fieldworkD.laboratoryworkPARTHIGENERALKNOWLEDGE10MINTherearetenmultiple-choicequestionsinthissection.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.WhichpartyisinpowernowintheUKA.TheConservativeParty.B.TheLabourParty.C.TheLiberalDemocrats.D.TheScottishNationalParty.WhichofthefollowinglakesdoesCanadasharewiththeUnitedStatesA.TheGreatBearLake.B.TheGreatSlaveLake.C.ThefiveGreatLakes.D.LakeWinnipeg.U.S.senatorsserveforyearsaftertheyareelected.A.sixB.fourC.threeD.twoWhowerethenativesofAustraliabeforethearrivaloftheBritishsettlersA.TheEskimos.B.TheMaori.C.TheIndians.D.TheAborigines.isbestknownforthetechniqueofdramaticmonologueinhispoems.A.WilliamBlakeB.W.B.YeatsC.RobertBrowningD.WilliamWordsworthWhichofthefollowingisacontemporaryBritishpoetA.TedHughes.B.WilliamWordsworth.C.E.E.Cummings.D.CarlSandburg.WhowastheauthorofMoby-DickA.NathanielHawthorne.B.RalphWaldoEmerson.C.WashingtonIrving.D.HermanMelville.Thewordsutennisbadmintongolfbasketballandfootballnconstituteafield.A.connotativeB.semanticC.conceptualA:DoyoulikeicecreamB:YesIdo.Thisisanexampleof.A.substitutionB.referenceC.conjunctionWhichofthefollowingisavoicelessconsonantA.[pj.B.[w].C.[j].PARTIVPROOFREADINGERRORCORRECTION15MINThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerrorIneachcaseonlyONEwordisinvolvedYoushouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefallowingway:Forawrongwordunderlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankpro-videdattheendoftheline.Foramissingwordmarkthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“八signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessarywordcrosstheunnecessarywordwithaslashandputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.EXAMPLEWhenAartmuseumwantsanewexhibititneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangsthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibitionitmustoftenbuildit.ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTWOasinstructed.WhenIwasinmyearlyteensIwastakentoaspectacularshowonicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundattheluxuryofthe1rinkmyfriend*smotherremarkedontheplushseatswehadbeengiven.Ididnotknowwhatshemeantandbeingproudofmy2vocabularyItriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.Plushnwasclearlyintendedasacomplimentaryapositiveevaluation;that3muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI4startedtousetheword.YesIrepliedtheycertainlyareplushandsoaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskatersarenttheyMy。