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大学英语四级试练习卷
一、阅读理解Passage1MakingFriendsinFamilyWHENJoangavebirthtothefirstboyinherfamilyinthreegenerationssheandherhusbandwereecstatic.Sowereherparents.JoanexpectedheroldersisterSallytobejustasdelighted.JoanhadalwaysworshipedSally一thebeautyandthestarofthefamily一andrejoicedinherachievements.Butsincethebabysarrivalthesistershavebecomedistant.JoanfeelshurtthatSallyseemscompletelyuninterestedinlittleAndrew.Sallywhohadnochildrenclaimsthatheryoungersister〃actsasifnooneeverhadababybefore”.NeitherSallynorJoanunderstandsthatthesuddenreversalintheirfamilyrolesistherealcauseofthecurrentchill.Joanhasfinallyoutdoneherdominantoldersister一andSallydoesntlikeit!Theirdistancemaybetemporarybutitshowsthatchildhoodrivalry(竞争)isntalwaysoutgrown.Itcanremainastrongingredientinsibling(兄弟姐妹)relationshipsthroughoutlife.InastudyattheUniversityofCincinnati65menandwomenbetweenagesleaveschoolassoonastheycanmarrysothattheycangetajobcontinueworkinguntiltheyaregoingtohaveababy
24.Onereasonwhyawomantodaymaytakeajobisthatshe.isyoungerwhenherchildrenareoldenoughtolookafter.themselvesdoesnotlikechildrenherselfneednotworryaboutfoodforherchildrencanretirefromfamilyresponsibilitieswhenshereachessixty
25.Nowadaysahusbandtendsto.playagreaterpartinlookingafterthechildrenhelphiswifebydoingmuchofthehouseworkfeeldissatisfiedwithhisroleinthefamilytakeapart-timejobsothathecanhelpinthehomePassage4Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheartithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.SothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsacJIcontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametimetheairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffuse扩散fromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhilecarbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheartwhichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.Soonafterairgoesintoanairsacitgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshouldthiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathingwhichiscausedbymovementsofthechestforcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperratetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarilyyoubreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourseyoubreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreatheinorinhalewhileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheoutorexhale.
26.Intherespiratoryprocessonlyoneofthefollowingactionstakesplace:itis.thediffusionofbloodthroughcapillarywallsintoairsacsthediffusionofcarbondioxidethroughcapillaryandairsacwallsintothebloodthediffusionofoxygenthroughtheairsacandcapillarywallsintothebloodtheexchangeofnitrogenwithinairsacsThenumberoftimesperminutethatyoubreatheis.independentofyourrateofexercisefixedattwenty-twotimesperminuteinfluencedbyyourageandsexcontrolledautomaticallybyanunspecifiedbodymechanismTheprocessbywhichcarbondioxideandoxygenaretransferreddoesnotdependonthepresenceofnitrogeninthebloodbreathingmusclestheflowofbloodthemoistureintheairsacliningsTheauthorsstyleinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas.AinformalandmatteroffactB.impersonalC.personalD.matteroffactandformalWhichofthefollowingwordscanreplacethewordexhale”A.Breatheout.B.Breathein.C.Diffuse.D.Exchange.
二、完型填空Daltonwonderedwhytheheavierandlightergasesintheatmospheredidnotseparateasoilandwaterdo.Hefinallyconcludedthattheconstituent1mustexistintheformof2particlesoratomsandthatthese3becompletelymixedtogetherinthe
4.Thisthrewanewlightin5lawsofdefiniteproportions.Itwas6necessarytosupposethattheatoms7combinesintossmallgroupsofuniform8andsoformmorecomplexsubstance;9themysteryofthislawwas
10.Daltonsuggestedforexamplethatcarbonmonoxide11formedbytheonewithone12ofatomsofcarbonandoxygen13carbondioxideresultsfromasingle14ofcarbonunitingwithtwoatoms15oxygen.Assumingthistobetrue16thedefiniteproportionsofProutslaw17allchemicalcompoundsthedifferentconstituents18enterinunvaryingproportionswouldnaturally19therelativeweightsofthemany20kindsofatoms.A.gasesB.piecesC.thingsD.gasA.timelyB.trimmedC.tinyD.topicalA.oughtB.couldC.willD.mustA.skyB.atmosphereC.oxygenD.environmentA.variousB.manyC.theD.thoseA.onlyB.tooC.thatD.extremelyA.shouldB.wereC.getD.couldA.constructB.structureC.pieceD.featureA.butB.alsoC.thusD.neverthelessA.solvedB.discoveredC.brokedD.toldA.mustB.beenC.wereD.isA.puttingB.pairingC.placingD.preparingA.whileB.whenC.thereforeD.also
14.A.pieceB.typeC.atomD.measure
15.A.fromB.inC.ofD.for
16.A.thenB.soC.byD.that
17.A.fromB.inC.toD.for
18.A.areB.wouldntC.alwaysD.never
19.A.describeB.unitC.mixD.reveal
20.A.differentB.usualC.importantD.chemical
三、单词拼写
1.Mr.Limovedtotheseashoreinhis(四十来岁).
2.H(听至ll)thegoodnewswealljumpedwithjoy.
3.IchangedintomysportsshoessothatIcouldwalkmore(舒服).
4.W(星期三)isthefourthdayofaweek.
5.Walkingeverydaykeepmef(健康)thanbefore.参考答案:、阅读理解:
2.N
3.Y
4.NG
5.N
6.Y
7.N
8.uninterested
9.siblingrelationship
10.energyII.C
12.E
13.I
14.L
15.H
16.D
17.G
18.A
19.
020.F
21.C
22.A
23.D
24.A
25.B
26.C
27.D
28.A
29.A
30.A
二、完型填空.【答案】A根据上文中的heavierandlightergases可以确定,本空中应填入组成的气体”,即constituentgases
0.【答案】C根据句子意思判断句中的词意为微粒的意思,选项C.tiny合乎题意.【答案】D情态动词must在这里是“必定、必须”的意思.【答案】Bsky意为“天空”,atmosphere意为“大气”,oxygen意为“氧气”,environment意为“环境”,只有B项正确.【答案】C这帮助解释了大气组成气体的比例确定原理因为是特指这一原理,用定冠词the.【答案】Aonlynecessary的意思是“仅仅是必要”故A正确.【答案】D根据句子意思判断,could是“能够”的意思.【答案】B根据句子意思判断,这里需要“结构”这个词,而B合乎题意9【.答案】Cbutnevertheless表示转折意为“但是,“然而;thus意为“因此,如Therehasbeennorain.Thusthecropsarelikelytosuffer.一直没有下雨,因此庄稼可能会受害这里与上文有因果关系,故应选Co
10.【答案】Asolve相当于findasolutionorananswerto意为“解决”、“解开,如solveaproblemapuzzleamystery;discover相当于findsomethingexistingbutnotknownbefore意为“发现,如:discoveraplaceafactthetrutho因此应选Ao.【答案】D因为是表一般规律,又是单数,所以用is这个词.【答案】BPair这里是“匹配,配成双”的意思.【答案】Awhile表示对比如Somesubstancesaresolublewhileothersarenot.一些物质是可溶的,而另一些物质是不可溶的.【答案】C根据句子意思判断,atom正确.【答案】Cof表示“含量,分量”.【答案】Athen的意思是nextafterthato.【答案】Dfor的意思是“对于,就……而言”.【答案】C根据句子意思判断.【答案】Bdescribe意为“描述;unite意为“结合,合并;mix意为“(不同的东西)混合在一起“,如mixflourandwater;reveal意为“揭露,揭示”.【答案】A根据句子意思判断.
三、单词拼写fortieshearingcomfortablyWednesdayfitter25and93wereaskedhowtheyfeltabouttheirbrothersandsisters.Nearly75percentadmittedharboringrivalrousfeelings.Inafewcasestheseemotionsweresufficientlyintensetohaveaffectedtheirentirelives.Manyadultbrothersandsistersareclosesupportiveandaffectionate一yetstillneedtocompete.TwobrothersIknowturnintokillerswhenonoppositesidesofatennisnet.Offthecourttheyarethebestoffriends.MyownyoungersisterneverfailstotellmewhenIveputonweight..Howevershesaterriblecookandthatpleasesme;Ioutdomyselfwhenshecomestodinner.Happilydespitethesesmallfailingswehavebeenanimportantresourceforoneanother.Inbetweentheintenselyrivalrousandthegenerallysupportivesiblingsliethosewhorelateinanirritablemannerthatnofriendshipshouldsurvive.Somebrothersandsistersstayatarmslengthbutalwaysstopshortotendingtiescompletely.WhydothesepuzzlingunproductiveoftenpainfulrelationshipspersistInpartbecausethebondsforgedinchildhoodremainpowerfulevenaftersiblingshavegrownupandgonetheirseparateways.Theserelationshipsaresointimatethattheparticipantsshareaclosenessunlikeanyother.Butalongwiththeaffectioncontributingtothatclosenessthereisroomforangerjealousyandresentment.StephenBankafamilytherapistandco-authorwithMichaelD.KahnofTheSiblingBondexplainswhy:Therearefewadultswhodontbelievedeepdownthatasiblinggotmoreofsomethingthantheydid一parentalloveadvantagesbrainslooks.Itcouldbetruebutitreallydoesntmatter.Ifasadultstheyresuccessfulenoughtofeelonanequalfootingsiblingscangiveeachotheragreatdeal.Ifnotunresolvedfeelingscandistorttheirrelationships.〃Theneedforparentalloveisasinstinctiveasbreathingandthestruggletokeepitallforyourselfbeginswiththebirthofayoungersisterorbrother.AccordingtoBankwhentherivalrybetweenadultsiblingsachievesneurotic(精神病的)proportionsitcanusuallybetracedbackeithertomarkedparentalfavoritismortoonesiblingsconvictionthattheotherissuperior.AstudyofadultsistersdescribedinthebookSistersbyElizabethFishelpointsuphowimportantitisforparentstotreattheirchildreneven-handedly.Thosesisterswhoreportedthebestrelationshipsweretheoneswhosaidtherehadbeennofavoritismnoparentalcomparisonsandnopittingofonechildagainstanother.Socialscientistswhohavestudiedadultsiblingrelationshipssayitiscommonforthemtoblowhotandcold.Situationsthatmightbeexpectedtobringthemtogether一thebirthofachildtheillnessordeathofaparent——arewellknownforrevivingoldrivalries.InsteadofunitingintheirconcernforanillparentsiblingsoftenquarrelbitterlyoverwhoprovidesthemostcarefinancialsupportoraffectionaccordingtoVictorCicirelliaPurdueUniversityPsychologist.Andprobate(遗嘱检验)lawyerssaythebitterestquarrelseruptwhensiblingshavetodivideaparentspersonalproperty.ThebreakbetweenJillandPattymighthavebeenclosedbynowifJillshusbandhadntbeensoquicktotakehiswifesside.〃Ifspouseswanttobeconstructivewhensiblingsquarreltheyneedtoremainemotionallyneutralz/Bankadvises.〃Itsalinetobesupportiveprovidedtheyrememberthegoalistohelptheirmatesbemoreobjectiveandnotinflamefeelingsfurther.〃Astheygetoldermanyadultssaytheywishtheywereonbettertermswithbrothersorsisters.Inthenextbreathhowevertheyaddthatitsprobablyimpossible.〃Wealwaysgethunguponthesameoldsorepointsisafamiliarlament(悲伤).“Thatneedntbetrue〃saysBank.Almostanyrelationshipcanbeimprovedifpeoplearewillingtoputenergyintomakingitmoresatisfying.Peoplemustrecognizethattheirchildhoodrivalriesareleftoverfromastrugglethatwasverylikelythefaultofneither.Iftheycanseethatitwillhelpthemtostopfeelingguiltyorblamingeachotherthewaytheydidatagetwelve.〃Siblingsoftenhesitatetodiscloselong-concealedfeelingsofangerorjealousyinferiorityorguilt.Butafterthesefeelingsarebroughtouttheresamuchbetterchancetoimprovetherelationship.〃Speakingouthonestlyaboutrivalrousfeelingsisthefirststep〃saysBank.〃Butitsessentialtogetbeyondaccusationsandtalkpositivelyaboutwhateachmightdotoimprovethings.〃PeopleoftendontlettheirsiblingsknowhowmuchtheycareBankadds.〃DontbeafraidtosayIreallyloveyouheadvises.〃Andshowyouraffection一ahugacomplimentorathoughtfulgiftcanhealalotofwounds.〃Whensiblingscangetpasttheirrivalriestheymayfindtheyareboundbycloserlonger一lastingtiesthanthosewithanyotherpersonintheirlivesrmdeeplythankfulthatmysisterandIarefriendsalthoughwevealsoseeneachotherthroughroughtimesinwaysnooneelsecould.SomedayshemaybetheonlypersonIknowwhoremembersalong-agoChristmasorlaughsatthesamejokes.Idontthinkr11evenmindifshetellsmermputtingonweight.Accordingtothepassagecompetitionbetweensiblingsplaysapowerfulroleinthesiblingrelationshipsinonesentirelife.Whensiblingshavegrownuptheywilleasilyforgettheirchildhoodrivalriesandbeonbettertermswitheachother.Thewayparentstreattheirchildrenaffectstoagreatextentsiblingrelationships.Theauthorandhersisterarefriendlywitheachotherbecausetheirparentsalwaystreatthemeven-handedly.Therearelittlerivalriesbetweenthesiblingswhoareclosesupportiveandaffectionate.Parentalfavoritismandabeliefthattheotherissuperiormaytriggerchildhoodcompetitionwhichmaylastevenatadulthood.Itisbeneficialtosiblingrelationshipsifahusbandshowssupporttohiswifewhenshequarrelswithhersister.SallysattitudewhenJoanhadababyis.Self-disclosurebringstheopportunitiestobetterthe.Themoreyouputontherelationshipthemoresatisfyingitwillbe.Passage2Nooneknowsexactlyhowmanydisabledpeoplethereareintheworldbutsuggestthefigureisover450million.ThenumberofdisabledpeopleinIndia12isprobablymorethandoublethetotalpopulationofCanada.IntheUnitedKingdomaboutoneintenpeoplehavesomedisability.Disabilityisnotjustsomethingthathappenstootherpeople:aswegetoldermanyofuswillbecomeless13hardofhearingorhavefailingeyesight.Disablementcantakemanyformsandoccuratanytimeoflife.Somepeoplearebornwithdisabilities.Manyothersbecomedisabledastheygetolder.Therearemany14disablingdiseases.Thelongertimegoesontheworsetheybecome.Somepeoplearedisabledinaccidents.Manyothersmayhaveaperiodofdisabilityintheformofamentalillness.Allareaffectedbypeoplesattitudetowardsthem.Disabledpeoplefacemany15barriers.Nexttimeyougoshoppingortoworkortovisitfriendsimaginehowyouwould16ifyoucouldnotgetupstepsorontobusesandtrains.HowwouldyoucopeifyoucouldnotseewhereyouweregoingorcouldnothearthetrafficButthereareotherbarriers;17canbeevenhardertobreakdownandignorance18representsbyfarthegreatestbarrierofall.Itisalmostimpossiblefortheable-bodiedtofullyappreciatewhattheseverelydisabledgothroughsoitisimportantto19attentiontothesebarriersandshowthatitistheindividualpersonandtheirabilitynottheirdisabilitywhich20A.B.evaluatiC.estimatD.manageinevitablyonsesE.aloneF.countsG.prejudiH.physicalceI.mobileJ.indifferK.withdraL.progress!entlywveM.N.accounts
0.drawregularPassage3Thegreatestrecentsocialchangeshavebeeninthelivesofwomen.Duringthetwentiethcenturytherehasbeenaremarkableshorteningoftheproportionofawomanslifespentincaringforthechildren.Awomanmarryingattheendofthenineteenthcenturywouldprobablyhavebeeninhermiddletwentiesandwouldbelikelytohavesevenoreightchildrenofwhomfourorfivelivedtilltheywerefiveyearsold.Bythetimetheyoungestwasfifteenthemotherwouldhavebeeninherearlyfiftiesandwouldexpecttoliveafurthertwentyyearsduringwhichcustomopportunityandhealthmadeitunusualforhertogetpaidwork.Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren.Usuallyawomansyoungestchildwillbefifteenwhensheisforty-fiveyearsandislikelytotakepaidworkuntilretirementatsixty.Evenwhileshehasthecareofchildrenherworkislightenedbyhouseholdappliancesandconveniencefoods.Thisimportantchangeinwomenslife-patternhasonlyrecentlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomenseconomicposition.Evenafewyearsagomostgirlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunityandmostofthemtookafull-timejob.Howeverwhentheymarriedtheyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Todaytheschoolleavingageissixteenmanygirlsstayatschoolafterthatageandthoughwomentendtomarryyoungermoremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn.Verymanymoreafterwardsreturntofull-or-part-timework.Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriagewiththehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylifeandwithbothhusbandandwifesharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoneyandrunningthehomeaccordingtotheabilitiesandinterestsofeachofthem.Accordingtothepassageitisnowquiteusualforwomento.A.stayathomeafterleavingschoolB.marrymenyoungerthanthemselvesC.startworkingagainlaterinlifeD.marrywhilestillatschoolWearetoldthatinanaveragefamilyabout
1900.manychildrendiedbeforetheylivedtomorethanfivesevenoreightchildrenlivedtobemorethanfivetheyoungestchildwouldbefifteenfourorfivechildrendiedwhentheywerefiveManygirlsthepassageclaimsarenowlikelyto.A.giveuptheirjobsforgoodaftertheyaremarried。