还剩17页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
常考固定搭配情态动词的用法
1、sbwasdoingsthwhen…某人正在干某事这时Iwasthinkingaboutmynewplanwhanagoodideaoccurredtome.我正在考虑我的新方案,这时一个好办法出现出来说明在这个句中,主句的谓语动词通常是连续性动词,从句的失态用一般过去时,when翻译成“这时〃
2、sbwasjustabouttodosthwhen---某人刚要干某事这时Theywerejustabouttosetoutwhenitbegantorain.他们冈要动身,这时下起雨来了说明在这个句型中,bejustabouttodo可以换成sbwas/wereonthepointofdoingsthwhen---when翻译成“这时”
3、sbhadjustdonewhen…某人刚干完某事这时Ihadjustlaindownwhenthetelephonerang.我刚躺下,这时铃响了口诀“情动〃加上havedone推想事情已经干;情动加上bedoing推想事情在进行;条件状语从句中的虚拟语气条件句分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种,真实条件句用陈述语气,虚拟条件句用虚拟语气(虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的重点〕虚拟条件句关键是要娴熟把握以下三大公式反Ifsbweretodo…Ifsbshoulddo…
1、宾语从句中的虚拟语气有三种状况一是在动词insist(坚持),order〔命令)mand(命令),suggest〔建议),advise1建议)Remend〔建议,推举),require[要求)request(恳求),demand〔要求),desire〔要求,愿望),等动词后面的宾语从句中一般用虚拟语气,其结构为“主语+should+动词原形〃,其中should可以省略把以上10个动词简称为一个“坚持〃,两个“命令〃,三个“建议〃,四个“要求〃二是动词wish之后接宾语从句肯定要用虚拟语气从句的时态是
1、与过去事实相反用haddone/hadbeen
2、与现在事实相反用did或were
3、与将来事实相反用“would/might/could/should+动词原形”留意wish在简洁句中并非表示的是虚拟语气,如wishyousuccess.祝你胜利三是在wouldrather的宾语从句中,也要使用虚拟语气,其从句中谓语动词的时态用一般过去时如IwouldratheryoudidnthearwhatIsaid.我宁愿你没有听到我说的话
2、主语从句中的虚拟语气少数“itis+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形〃,其中should同样可以省略常见形容词有importantnecessarystrangeunusualcuriousremarkablesurprisingdesirablenatural等
3、定语从句中的虚拟语气“itishigh/abouttimethat+主语+动词的过去式,或者是should+动词原形〃Time是先行词,that是引导词,其意思是“早该做什么事了〃如
1、Itishightimethatyouwenttoschool.=itishightimethatyoushouldgotoschool.你该上学了
2、Itisabouttimethatyoupickedupyourdaughteratschool.二Itisabouttimethatyoushouldpickupyourdaughteratschool.你该去学校接你女儿了娴熟把握强调句型句型结构是itis/was+被强调局部+that/who+句子原有局部在强调句型中,强调人时,一般用who也可用that但强调时间地点等时只能用that不能用whenwhere等
1、强调主语
2、强调地点状语
3、强调时间状语
4、强调宾语not…until…的三大句型例妈妈回家之后我才睡觉正常Ididnotgotobeduntilmymotherebackhome.强调ItwasnotuntilmymothercamebackhomethatIwenttobed.彳到装NotuntilmymothercamebackhomedidIgotobed.怎样识别not…until…是强调句还是倒装句呢?很简洁,假如否认词not在句首,就是倒装句,假如it在句首,就是强调句it的10大句型1ItwasforthefirsttimethatIwrotetoaforeignpenfriend.这的确是我第一次给一个外国笔友写信这是强调句型复原为Iwrotetoaforeignpenfriendforthefirsttime.
2、ItisthefirsttimethatIhavewrittentoaforeignpenfriend.这是我第一次给一个外国笔友写信这是定语从句,that之后的时态要用现在完成时态
3、Itwaseightwhentheclass点钟开头上课这是时间状语从句,强调句型Itwasateightthattheclassbegan.
4、ItispossiblethatIwillenterthiskeyuniversity.®上这所重点高校是可能的这是主语从句It是形式主语thatIwillenterthiskeyuniversity是真正主语复原成ThatIwillenterthiskeyuniversityispossible.
5、Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehegotmarried.他结婚(成家)已经三年了“自从某人干某事已经有多长时间〃例如Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceheworkedhere.他不在这儿工作已经三年了
6、Itwillbeoneyearbeforeshefinishesmiddleschool.再有一年时间她就中学毕业了Itis/was/willbesometimebefore…意为“过多长时间后再干什么〃
7、Itishightimewewenttoschool.我们上学的时间到了这时定语从句,在Itishigh〕timethat…句型中,that之后谓语动词的时态要用一般过去时或“should+动词原形〃,属于虚拟语气
8、Itissaidthatanewfactorywillbebuiltnearbymyhometown.据说一家新工厂将见在我家乡四周这时主语从句itis+过去分词+that…・.类似的句型还有Itisreportedthat…/Itisknownthat--*/Itisthoughtthat…/Itissuggestedthat…/Itisbelievedthat…/Itishopedthat…等
9、Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.看起来要下雪了这时表语从句,类似的句型还有Itseemstosbthat…/Itsohappenedthat…/Itappearstosbthat=asif…等
10、Itisnecessarythatweshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.我们把握一门外语是必需的这是主语从句,在Itis+少数形容词+thatsbshoulddo…”这种句型中,it同样是形式主语,that之后从句的谓语动词是“should+动词原形〃,其中should可以省略这样的形容词有necessary/important/unusual/strange/natural等情态动词+havedone表推想1musthavedone肯定已经做了Theymusthavefinishedtheirwork.
2、Canhavedone.可能已经做了Canthavedone.不行能已经做了Theycanhavefinishedhomeworksoquickly.Theycannhavefinishedhomeworksoquickly.Theycanhavegonetobedsincethedoorisclosedfl关着,他们可能已经睡着了
3、Couldhavedone.可能已经做过Couldnthavedone.不行能已经做过YoucouldhaveusedmyputerbecauseIdidntuseit.youcouldnthaveusedmyputer.Couldhavedone的虚拟语气,表原来会做而未做含责怪,圆满的语气Itwassofineyesterdayyoucouldhaveeoutforawalk.昨每天气好你原来可以出来散漫步?的
4、wouldhavedone.表示虚拟,原来完全可以做,而没有做IwouldhaveetohelpyouwiththeworkyesterdaybutIwastoobusy.昨天我本想帮你做工作的,但我太忙了
5、shouldhavedone.表示虚拟,本应当做should=ouqhttoShouldnthavedone.本不应当做Heshouldnthaveswuminthelakealone.他本不应当单独一人在湖里游泳
6、neednJthavedone.表示虚拟语气原来不必做,多此一举Youneedn
7、will/shallhavedone.表示将来完成时,不表示推想,也不表示虚拟
8、mayhavedone或许已经做了Theymayhavefinishhomework.Youmayhavereadthebook.
9、mighthavedone.或许已经做过,或原来做但未做Theymighthavewonthematch.他们原来可以赢得这场竞赛Imighthavepassedtheexam.我原来可以通过考试
10、neednthavedone.原来不必做但做了Youneednothavegoneout.你不必出去
11、wouldratherhavedone.过去宁愿做但未做Iwouldrathernothavegonethere•我宁愿没有去过哪儿
12、wouldliketohavedone.过去想做但未做Iwouldliketohaveseenthefilm.我过去想看场电影
13、hadbetterhavedone.当时最好做了某事Youdbetterhavegonethere.你当时最好去哪儿情态动词+begoing•表推想说明在这个句型中,just用于加强语气,也可以不要,when翻译成“这时〃
4、itisthefirst/last…timethatsbhas/havedone…某人第几次干某事……Itisthesecondtimethatwehavevisitedyourfirm.我们是其次次参观你们的公司说明在“某人第几次干某事〃这个句中,that之后的时态要用现在完成时,假如主句是itwas…,从句时态随之换成过去完成时例如Itwasthethirdtimethatwehadseenthisfilmstar.我们是第三次观察这个电影明星
5、Hardlyhadsbdone•whensbdid…某人刚刚干完某事这时Hardlyhadtheyarrivedattheairportwhentheyreceivedawarmwele.他们一到机场就受到了热闹欢送说明此句型完全可以换成用onsooner…than…,在这个句型中,一是由于否认词hardly/no在句首,主谓的挨次要到装;二是hardly/nosooner后的时态必需使用过去完成时,when/than之后的时态要用一般过去时
6、itis/hasbeensometimesincesbdid…某人干完某事已多长时间Itis/hasbeentwentyyearssincemyfatherjoinedtheParty.我爸入已经20年了说明在这个句中,假如主句是itwas那么since的时态就要变成过去完成时,这叫做主句和从句的时态“同退一步〃
7、Itwillbesometimebeforesbdo/does…过了多长时间再做某事Itwillbethreemonthsbeforewemeetagain.再过3个月我们才能再见面说明这个句中也可以换成用itwas…beforesbdid…,例如itwasthreeminutesbeforetheboygotdressed.过了三分钟男孩才穿衣服
8、Ifsbdont/doesn某人也不IfyoudontgotherenorwillI.假如你不去那儿我也(将)不去说明在这个句型中要特殊留意时态,主句的时态用一般将来时,if引导的从句用一般现在时常见的错误是IfyoudontgotherenordoI.
9、sbdid…beforesbdid/coulddo…某人还将来得及干,另一件事发生了TheboyrushedoutbeforeIrealizedwhatwashappening.我还没有意识到发生了什么事,那男孩就冲出去了说明在这个句型中,尽管before连接的两个动作有先后关系,但发生在先的动作并没有使用过去完成时在英语中,假如两个以上的动作接连发生,这时都用一般过去时
10、Idontknowwhenshewille.我不知道她什么时候来Ihavenoideawhenthemeetingwillbegin.我不知道会议什么时候开头说明英语中的时间状语从句和条件状语从句不能使用将来时态但并非由此推论任何从句都不能使用将来时态常考固定搭配
1、常接ing的动词、形容词或短语Appreciate感谢;avoid防止;escape躲避;enjoy喜爱;admit成认;delay/putoff7Postpone推迟;advocate提倡;imagine设想;fancy想象,喜爱;suggest建议;finish结束;plete完成;mind介意;risk冒险;miss错过;practise实践;deny否认;keep/keepon连续;canthelp/resist禁不住;stand忍受;bebusy忙于;beworth值得;lookforwardto希望;feellike情愿;giveup放弃;getdownto着手;insiston坚持;stickto坚持;devoteto奉献;javedifficulty/troublein干某事有困难;beusedto习惯;haveagood/wonderfultimein玩得很好
2、常接不定式的动词decide打算;determinetodo=bedeterminedtodo打算;learn学会;want想要;hope希望;expect期望;wish愿望;refuse拒绝;manage设法;pretend假装;offer情愿;promise承诺;choose选择;plan方案;agree同意;afford负担得起;attempt试图;prepare预备;require要求;care想要;prefer宁愿;ask恳求;beg恳求;long渴望
3、常接“疑问词+不定式〃的动词或短语有些动词之后接“howwhatwhetherwherewhenwho等疑问词+动词不定式“,如:Idontknowwhattodo.=1dontknowhowtodoit.=IdontknowwhatIshoulddo.二IdontknowhowIshoulddoit.我不知道怎么办这类动词或短语常用的有tell告知;consider考虑;show展现;understand懂得;explain解释;teach教育;learn了解;advise建议;discuss争论;wonder想知道;findout弄清
4、接不定式和ing意思不同的动词1〕stopdoingsth停止在干的事;stoptodosth停下来干另外的事2trytodosth设法干某事;trydoingsth试着干某事13goontodosth连续干另外的事;goondoing连续干同一件事〔4〕meantodo=plantodo方案干;meandoing意味着⑸considertodo认为;considerdoing考虑去做remembertodo记住要千〔还没干〕;rememberdoing记得干过已干forgettodo遗忘了要干〔还没干;forgetdoing遗忘了干过已干⑻regrettosay/tell圆满地告知某人;regretdoing/havingdone懊悔干过liketodosth某一次喜爱干某事;likedoingsth平常喜爱干某事wanttodosth;想要干某事;wantdoing某事需要干needtodo有必要干某事;needdoing=wantdoing某事需要干requiresbtodo要求某人干;requiredoing二needdoing=wantdoing某事需要干canthelptodo不能帮助干;canthelpdoingsth禁不住干某事0continuetodo=continuedoing连续;intendtodo=intenddoing准备干11〕advisesbtodo=advisedoing建议干12〕allowsbtodo=allowdoing允许干⑶premitsbtodo=premitdoing允许干4forbidsbtodo/forbiddoing禁止干15have..done让别人做自己不做〕;have…doing让连续下去[后接连续性动词⑹havesbdo=makesbdo使某人干⑺get…done让干成;get…doing使动起来;getdone状态变化;getsbtodo请某人干⑻makesbdo使某人干;makeoneselfdone使成状态“情态动词+havedone”表推想一览表“情态动词+bedoing”表推想一览表情态动词+bedoing用法例句mustbedoing肯定正在做TheymustbewatchingTVnow.cantbedoing不行能正在做TheycantbewatchingTVnow.May/mightbedoing或许正在做TheymaybewatchingTVnow.三个相反从句主句与现在事实相反Ifsbdid/were…Sbwou1d/should/could/mightdo…与过去事实相反Ifsbhaddone…Sbwould/should/could/mighthavedone/havebeen…与将来事实相Ifsbdid/were…Sbwould/should/could/mightdo…TheymustbewatchingTVnowCanTheycantbewatchingTVnowTheymaybewatchingTVnow情态动词+havedone用法例句musthavedone肯定已经做了Theymusthavefinishedtheirwork.canthavedone不行能已经做了Theycanthavefinishedtheirworkcouldhavedone可能已经做了或原来可能做但未做YoucouldhaveusedmyputerbecauseIdidntuseit.mayhavedone或许已经做了Theymayhavefinishedtheirwork.mighthavedone或许已经做了或原来可以做但未做YoumighthaveusedmyputerbeeauseIdidntuseit.Should/oughttohavedone原来该做但未做YouShouldhavestudiedhard.neednothavedone原来不必做但做了Youneednothavegoneout.wouldratherhavedone过去宁愿做但未做Iwouldrathernothavegonethere.wouldliketohavedone过去想做但未做IwouldliketohaveseenthefiIm.hadbetterhavedone当时最好做了某事Youtbetterhavegonethere.。