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高考英语语法知识讲解
一、冠词一冠词讲前练冠词语篇填空训练(不需要用冠词处划细线)WhenIwalkeddown
[1]ThirdAvenueas
[2]ruleIusedtolookintothewindowof
[3]oldshopthatsoldoldbutbeautifulthings.SinceIoftentookmywalkaftertheclosingtimeIcuppedmyhandsagainst
[4]windowstoget
[5]smalllookatthetreasuresinside.Somethingslookedasiftheyhadnotbeencaredfor
[6]longtimebutIknewtheirbeautywasstilltherebeneaththeirsurface.Ieventhoughttheywere
[7]mostbeautifulthatIhadeverseen.ThatwashowIfeltaboutoldpeopletoo.Iknewtheirvalueandithurtmewhenothersmissedit.Iwasraisedbymygrandmotherandgiven
[8]deepsenseofthevalueofexperience.TaughttobehavewellmysisterandIrespectedotherpeopleregardlessoftheirageorcolour.Mygrandmotherwaslovedbyall
[9]peoplearoundher.Shewasknowntobe
[10]wiseandkindwomanwhowasabletodothingswelleveninherlastyears.[Keys]the
6.a[foraIongtime很长一段时间】a[asaruIe通常】
7.thean
8.athea[getalookat看一眼】二冠词考点精讲
1、定冠词the表特指,不定冠词aan表泛指.
2、a用在辅音开头的可数名词单数前,an用在元音开头的可数名词单数前注意
1、hourhonesthonour等词虽以辅音字母h开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用an.
(2)、usefuluniversityusualunitedEuropeanone-eyed等单词的拼写以元音字母开头
4、不定冠词可用于具体化的抽象名词前Heisasuccessasateacherbutafailureasafather.AgoodknowledgeofEnglishisamustinmodernsociety.三冠词应考技巧
1、在语法填空题中,空格在名词前,考虑是否应该填冠词,
2、在改错题中,重点考虑定冠词与不定冠词的误用,是否多用了或缺了冠词
二、代词
(一)代词讲前练代词语篇填空训练WhatonearthdoeshappinessmeanIcantgiveyouitsexactdefinitionbutImsureifyouloveandhelp
[1]youwillgetit.I11neverforgetanoldlady.Shelivesinasmallhousealone.Itssaidthatherhusbandandhersondiedinaroadaccidentyearsago.
[2]lifeisbitterbutsheoftenhelpsotherswithasmile.Wheneveritsnows
[3]isalwaysthefirsttocleanthepaths.Shelooksafterseveralchildrenlivingnearby.Iamoneof
[4].Ioftenrememberthestoriesshetoldusandherkindsmile.PerhapssheisunluckybutIthinksheisahappyperson.Herlifeisfulloflaughterandlove.ButImsadtoseesomepeoplegetting
[5]happinessinbadways.Theytalknoisilyincinemasandmeetingrooms;theydestroytreestoenjoy
[6]andtheylaughat
[7]shortcomings.Perhapstheyfeelhappyatthattimebuttheywillnevergettruehappinessbecausetheyhavelosttheirpersonalityalready.NowIknow
[8]happinessis.
[9]meanskindnessloveandunselfishness.AboveallIhavecometounderstandthatbringinghappinesstoothersisgetting
[10]happiness.[Keys]others
6.themseIvesHer
7.othersshe
8.whatthem
9.Ittheir
10.ourseIves
(二)代词考点精讲.人称代词,物主代词,反身代词的用法含有反身代词的短语EG:Whichdoyoupreferteaorcoffee茶和咖啡你喜欢那样?3)疑问词+todo在句中作主语或宾语EG:Idontknowwhattodowiththemoney我不知道如何处理这些钱it可以代替可数名词单数和不可数名词代替同类同物,只能指物them/they是it的复数形式,代替复数名词one同类异物,代替可数名词单数,表泛指,可以指人也可以指物ones是one的复数,代替复数名词that用于同类比较中,代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,表特指,可以指人也可指物those是that的复数,代替复数名词举例说明YesterdayIboughtanewbike.Itisblue.(it指前文刚提到的单数名词anewbike是同类同一事物)2)Abridgemadeofstoneisstrongerthanonemadeofwood(one是单数与前文不定冠词对应,与指代的abridge是同类非同一事物,泛指)_3)Thebridgemadeofstoneisstrongerthanthatmadeofwood(that=theone表示特指与前文定冠词the对应,与指代的thebridge是同类非同一事物,特指)4)Thepeoplewhoarestandingtherearethose(=theones)fromJapan(theones与those复数特指,与定冠词thepeople对应)Bridgesmadeofstonearestrongerthanonesmadeofwood(ones不定指的复数,与前文的bridges对应)It的用法1)指时间,距离,天气,日期,温度等;Itsearlyspringbutitisalreadyhot.2)当说话者弄不清对方是谁,不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时;Someoneisknockingatthedoorwhocanitbe3)作形式主语或形式宾语,代替tododoing或从句;Itisimportantforustobecheerfulwhenfacingthetrouble.4)用于强调句型“itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...”Itisyearsofhardworkthatmadehimwhatheistoday.5)用于固定搭配Itisapity/ashamethat・・・真可惜/丢人Itisnowonderthat...难怪Itseems/appearsthat••彳以乎/好像Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough...看起来好像Ithappensthat...碰巧Itoccursto/comesto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起Itwas/willbe+一段时间+before从句过了/要过多久才Itwasnt/wont+一段时间+before从句没过多久就otherotherstheother和another的用法.other表示泛指,意为“另外的、别的、其它的常与复数名词连用Other+复数名词=others.others表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指剩下的全部如Manystudentsareplayingontheplayground.Someareplayingfootbal1;others(=otherstudents)areplayingbasketball..theother表示两者中的另外一个可单独使用,也可后接单数名词如Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworkertheotherisateacher.注意theothers:可表示其余的全部且不止一个如Weshalldosomecleaningthisafternoon.GroupOnewillcleanthewall.GroupTwowillcleanthewindows.Theotherstudents(Theothers)willsweepthefloor..another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”它可单独使用,也可后接名词如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”如Thiscapistoosmallforme.Showmeanother(one).Weneedanotherthreeassistantsinourshop.all和both的用法这两个词都可表示“都”,但all表示三者或三者以上的人或物,both则表示两个人或物它们都表示肯定意义,但如果它们与not连用时,则表示部分否定如Allofthemaremiddleschoolstudents.Hisparentsarebothteachers.Bothofhisparentsarentworkers.Allofthestudentsarenthereontime.neither和either的用法这两个词都可用于表示两个人或物neither表示否定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都不;而either则表示肯定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)者阿它们用作代词时,可单独使用,也可同介词f连用用作形容词时,则可用于修饰后面的单数名词如NeitherofthemcanspeakChinese.EitherofthemcanspeakChinese.Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.Therearetreesonneithersideofthestreet.few和little的用法
①few用作不定代词时,可用于替代可数名词,表示否定意义表示肯定意义时,则要用afewo此外,few还可用作形容词,用于修饰可数名词如FewstudentsinthisschoolcanspeakJapanese.Therearestillafewstudentsintheclassroom.
②little用作不定代词时,用于代替不可数名词,表示否定意义表示肯定意义时,要用alittleo用作形容词时,则要修饰不可数名词如Heisnowoutofworkandcanearnlittlemoney.IcanspeakalittleFrench.不定代词的固定搭配oneanother(三者或三者以上)互相eachother(两者)互相one.・・another...(三者或三者以上)一个・・・・另一个・・・.one.・・theother.・.(两者中)一个・・・・另一个・・・.some.・.others...一些....另一些・・・.
(三)代词应考技巧
1、在语法填空题中,空格处作主语或宾语,考虑是填代词
①通过句子成分确定填什么代词分析句子成分,如果句中缺主语,则可能填入人称代词,指示代词,不定代词或it;如果缺宾语,则可能填入人称代词宾格;如果主语和宾语是指同一人,则填反身代词Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof
②通过句式结构判断是否填it根据句式结构,判断句子是否为it的特殊句式Iwou1dappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.Key:it
2、在改错题中,重点考虑
①代词的指代错误,如女性用了he指代,
②主格与宾格的误用名词性与形容词性物主代词的误用
三、名词
(一)名词讲前练用所给单词的适当形式填空Itwaslateatnight.Two[l]GermanweresleepingintheirroomwhensuddenlyoneofthemMrs.Greenwaswokenupandfoundathiefslippingintotheirroomtotryhisluck.Shehadthree
[2]thousanddollarsinherpocket.WhatshouldIdoMany
[3]thiefusuallybring
[4]knifewiththemvShethoughtin
[5]silentAndatthesametimethethiefhappenedtotoucha
[6]sportsuit.Itseemedasifhefoundtherewassomeoneintheroomsohewenttothenextroomwheretwo
[7]Frenchmanweresleeping.Whenhewaslookingfor
[8]moneyorsome
[9]jewelinthenextroomMrs.Greenwokeupherhusbandquicklyandcalledthe
[10]policemanAndthenthethiefknewwhathadhappened.Hewassoscaredthathetookoutaknife.Justthenthepolicecameup.Beforethethiefranawaythepolicecaughthim.ForMrs.Greenitwasreallyanunusualexperience.[Keys]
5.silence
6.sports
7.Frenchmen
8.moneyjewels/jewelry[jewel的复数直接加s;jewelry为不可数名词,表示jewel的总称]police【police可以表示警察,警方,警察部门;callthepolice报警】
(二)名词考点精讲
1、名词的数A.名词的分类
(1)专有名词专有名词无复数形式
①由普通名词构成的专有名词要加定冠词the如theGreatWallo
②the+姓氏名复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)如theGreens(格林一家人)
(2)普通名词普通名词又分个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词
①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物如car(汽车)、room(房间)、fan(风扇)、photo(照片)
②集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的名称如family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)
③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质如fire(火)、steel(钢)、air(空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)
④抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念如labor劳动、health健康、life生活、friendship友情、patience耐心B.可数名词复数的变化规则1一般情况加s:book--bookshousehouses2以s、shch、x结尾的力口es:classclassesboxboxesmatchmatches3辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加es:citycitiescountrycountriesfactoryfactories4以结尾的词有生命的词加es无生命的词加s:heroheroespotatopotatoes;radio一一radioszoozoospianopianosphotophotos例夕卜bamboobamboos5以ffe结尾的变f或fe为v+es:thief一一thieveswife一一wiveslife一一livesknife一一knives例夕卜belief--beliefsroof--roofsgulf--gulfsC.可数名词的不规则变化1常见的不规则变化名词childchildrenfootfeettoothteethmousemicemanmenwomanwomen2单复数同形的名词ChineseJapaneseSwissworks工厂,meansfishdeersheep一句话记忆SomeChineseJapaneseandSwisskeepsomefishdeerandsheepinthisworksbythismeans.3peoplepolicecattle牛只有复数形式4以s结尾,但仍然为单数例如
①mathspoliticsphysics等学科名词
②news是不可数名词
③theUnitedStatestheUnitedNations应视为单数
2、名词作定语1名词作定语——般用单数例如papermoneyaneveningpapercitylifeofficework2用复数作定语例如sportsmeetingsalesman/woman/girl男/女售货员,goodstrain货车,customspapers海关文件【注意其中goods和customs本身就带有s]3数词+名词作定语时,若有连字符,名词用单数;若无连字符,名词用复数加”•例如例如afive-year-planafiveyearsplan4man和woman做定语时随着被修饰的名词的单复数变化而变化例如Aman/womanteacher-twomen/womenteacher
3、名词所有格名词所有格有两种形式+s式和of式一般说来,表示有生命的名词和表示时间,国家,距离等名词的所有格用+S式,例如Marysmothertodaysnewso2表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of式,例如thecoverofthebook3双重所有格例如afriendofmyfathersafriendofmine三名词应考技巧
1、在语法填空题中,空格处作主语和宾语时,常用名词,考虑把提示词改为名词形式;如果给的是就是名词,则考虑用名词复数形式,这时注意修饰语
2、在改错题中,重点考虑不可数名词是否是用了复数形式,可数名词该用复数的是否用了单数。