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高考英语语法复习形容词和副词知识讲解
一、形容词和副词讲前练用所给单词的适当形式填空Formanypeoplelifeisalot
[1]easytoday.Medicineanddietareimproving
[2]quickandpeoplearegetting
[3]healthyandliving
[4]long.Buttheareaoflifethatischanging
[5]quicklyofalliscommunication.Fiftyyearsagocomputersweremuch
[6]bigandless
[7]powerthantheyarenow.Todayweusetheinternetsowecancommunicate
[8]easywithfriendsallovertheworld.Notallthechangesare
[9]wellones.Morepeopledrivecarsinsteadofridingbikessotheyarentas
[10]fitnessastheywere.Trafficdoesntjustmaketheroads
[11]crowditalsomakespollution
[12]bad.Wemustallthink
[13]carefulabouthowwecanuse
[14]littleenergy.Wemustallwork
[15]hardlytoreducepollution.[Keys].easier
6.bigger
11.crowded.quickIy
7.powerfuI
12.worse.healthier
8.easiIy
13.carefully.Ionger
9.good
14.Iess.themostquickly
10.fit
15.hard
二、形容词考点精讲
1、形容词的基本特征与功能1作定语一般位于被修饰名词的前面修饰不定代词时放在不定代词的后面Asunnyday阳光明媚的一天akindperson一个和蔼可亲的人Afunnystory一个滑稽可笑的故事classicalmusic古典音乐Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.以a开头的表语形容词alive、afraid、alikeasleep或形容词短语作定语时放在被修饰词的后面abottlefilledwithwater装满水的瓶子thebabyawake醒着的婴儿2作表语用在系动词后面Imfeelinglonely.我感到孤独Mr.Yangisverystrictwithstudents.杨老师对学生非常严格3作补足语Hefoundthehouseempty.他发现房子是空的【宾语补足语】Thehousewasfoundempty.房子被发现是空的【主语补足语】Ithinkitimpossibleforhimtocompletetheworkbeforethedark.我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成工作【宾语补足语】4作状语形容词作状语说明主语的状态HungryandtiredIhadtostoptohavearest.又累又饿,我只好停下来休息一下5“The+形容词”表示一类人或物,作主语或宾语,作主语时位于用复数Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.新事物将代替旧事物【考点对练】用所给词的适当形式填空ThebabysleepisMrsGreensson.ThehousefullyofsmokebelongstoMr.White.Themanresponsibilityforthetripishandsome.Heisthepersonawarenessofthedanger.Theriveristwentymeterswidely.=Theriveristwentymetersinwide.HeisthemosthandsomelymanthatIhaveevermet.IfweknowthatgossipcanbeharmthenwhydosomanyofusdoitTheanswerliesinanothereffectofgossipthesatisfactionitgivesus.LittleTomsatamazewatchingthemonkeydancinginfronthim.Theoldbemorelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbecloudwithaslightchanceofrainlatertonight.Listeningisthusanactivenotapassivelybehaviorconsistingofhearingunderstandingandremembering.
2、-ed形容词和-ing形容词的用法-ed形容词表示“人感到如何的,-ing形容词用来描写事物,表示“令人怎么样的”Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.听到这个令人激动的消息,我们感到兴奋常考的-ed形容词和-ing形容词amazed(吃惊的)amazing(令人吃惊的)amused(愉悦的)amusing(有趣的)
3、带有-Ly后缀的形容词friendly友好的,deadly致命的,lovely可爱的,lonely孤独的,likely可能的,lively生动的,活泼的,ugly丑陋的注意下列词既可作形容词也可做副词daily每日的(地),日常的weekly每周的(地),monthly每月的(地)yearly每年的(地)early早的地【考点对练】用所给词的适当形式填空ThechildrenwereafterthetriptireTomsparentsareathisresultsoftheexamsdisappointWhenhearingthenewsthatMichaelJacksonpassedawaytheyweretolookateachother.surpriseApolicecarappearedontheroadthethiefhadalookonhisfacefrightenAidsisadeaddiseasesoweshouldprotectourselvesfromit.Itisliketoraininallpartsofthecountrytoday.[Keys].tiredtiring.disappointeddisappointing.surprisingsurprised
三、副词考点精讲
1、副词的基本特征与功能1副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,作状语Heworkedhardallhislife.他一辈子工作努力Fortunately.HewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.2副词的构成规则例词
1、在形容词后加“ly”entire——entirelycurious——curiouslyexact一一exactlyfortunate一一fortunatelyimmediate一一immediately
2、将形容词的词尾“le”变为“ly”comfortable—comfortablygentle—gentlypossible—possibly3辅音字母加“y”结尾的变y为“i加ly”busy——busilyeasy——easilyheavy——heavilyangry—angrilyhungry一hungrilylucky一luckily4特殊词true—truly5本身就是副词fastveryquite
2、两种形式但意义不同的副词1high高、highly高度地Theycanjumphigh.wide宽、widely广泛地Heopenedhiseyeswide.deep深、deeply深深地Theyworkeddeepintolate.hard努力、hardly几乎不Studyhardandyouwillmakeprogress.Icanhardlyrecognizehim.close近地、closely紧紧地,密切地Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.
四、形容词副词比较级与最高级精讲
1、比较级与最高级的构成不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式
2、形容词副词比较级与最高级用法as+原级+as与....一样HelikesmathsasmuchashelikesEnglish.他喜欢数学就像他喜欢英语一样Johnworksashardashisbrother.约翰」:作和他哥哥一样努力notso/as+原级+as与・・・・不一样Icannottypeasfastasyou我打字没有你快Thisbookisnotasinterestingasthatone.这本书没有那本书有趣3比较级+than....JapanisalittlelargerthanGermany.日本比德国大一点儿“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句如ofallofthethreeintheworldthathasevertakenplace等如OfallofthewritersinEnglandWilliamShakespeareisthemostwidelyknown.5副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于副词最高级前定冠词the可以省略如Herunsthefastestofthethree.三个人中他跑得最快6比较级+and+比较级越来越Fmconvincedthatourschoolwillbecomebetterandbetter.我相信我们学校会越来越好the+比较级,the+比较级越,就越Theharderyoustudythemoreprogressyouwillmake.你学习越努力,你取得的进步就会越大8表示倍数的句型“…times+形容词/副词的比较级+than…”“…times+as+形容词/副词的原级+as…”“…times+the+名词如sizeheightweightlengthwidth等+of•••v“…times+what从句”EG:Thishallisfivetimesbiggerthanourclassroom.这个大厅比我们的教室大5倍Thisdictionaryisfivetimesasthickastheoneyouborrowedfromthelibrary.这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本厚度的5倍Thisriveristhreetimesthedepthofthatone.这条河是那条河的三倍深Thelengthoftheroadisfourtimeswhatitwasthreeyearsago.这条路的长度是三年前的4倍
五、考点应考技巧
1、在语法填空题中,注意判断空格处充当什么句子成分,在名词前作定语,系动词后作表语宾语后面作宾语补足语时用形容词;作状语时用副词
2、在改错题中,注意形容词与副词是否用错,比较级、最高级与原级是否用错
3、注意标志性的词语以及上下文隐含的比较的含义如thanas...asmore等构成法原级比较级最高级
①般单音下词末尾加er和eststrongstrongerstrongest
②单音节词如果以飞结尾,只加-r和-ststrangestrangerstrangest
③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er和-estsadbighotsadderbiggerhottersaddestbiggesthottest
④少数以-y-er(或-ure)-ow-ble结尾的双音节angryangrierangriest词末尾加-er和-est(以-y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字clevercleverercleverest母把y变成i再加-er和-est以-e结尾的词仍加narrownarrowernarrowest-r和-stnoblenoblernoblest
⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和mosdifficultmoremosttdifficultdifficult原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthest(表距离)furthest(表程度)oldolder(年龄)elder(辈分)注意theelderly(老人)oldesteldest。