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专业英语八级考试真题及答案PARTILISTENINGC0MPREI1ENSI0NSECTI0NAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecturepleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesurethewordsyoufillinisarebothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.WhenitisoveryouwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearTWOinterviews.Attheendofeachinterviewfivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewsandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.DuringthepauseyoushouldreadthefourchoicesofABCandDandmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.Nowlistentothefirstinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonthefirstinterview.A.Comprehensive.B.Disheartening.C.Encouraging.D.Optimistic.A.
200.B.
70.C.
10.D.
500.A.Lackofinternationalfunding.Inadequatetrainingofmedicalpersonnel.Ineffectivenessoftreatmentefforts.Insufficientoperationaleffortsontheground.D.reciprocalInPara.7theauthorseesapre-readingvasthemostimportantpartofreadingbecause.itencouragesstudentsimaginationitlaysagoodfoundationforreadingitcanattractstudentsattentionitprovidescluestothetexttoberead^TextualIntervention^suggestedbyRobPopeinPara.8isexpectedtofulfillallthefollowingfunctionsEXCEPT.exploringthecontextinterpretingambiguitiesstretchingtheimaginationexaminingthestructurePASSAGETHREEOnceagainseethingresidualangerhasburstforthinanAmericancity.AndtheriotsthatovertookLosAngeleswereareminderofwhatknowledgeableobservershavebeensayingforaquartercentury:Americawillcontinuepayingahighpriceincivilandethnicunrestunlessthenationcommitsitselftoprogramsthathelptheurbanpoorleadproductiveandrespectablelives.Onceagainaprovenprogramisworthpondering:nationalservice.SomewhatakintothemilitarytrainingthatgenerationsofAmericanmalesreceivedinthearmedforcesa1990sversionwouldpreparethousandsofunemployableandundereducatedyoungadultsforqualitylivesinourincreasinglyglobalandtechnology-driveneconomy.Nationalserviceopportunitieswouldbeavailabletoanywhoneededitandmakenomistaketheproblemsarenowsostructuraltointractablethatanysolutionwillrequiremassivefederalintervention.Inhismuchquotedbook“TheTrulyDisadvantaged“sociologistWilliamJuliusWilsonwrotethat“onlyamajorprogramofeconomicreformvwillpreventtheriot-proneurbanunderclassfrombeingpermanentlylockedoutofAmericaneconomiclife.Todaywesimplyhavenochoice.Theenemywithinandamongourseparateethnicselvesisasdauntingasanyforeignfoe.Familieswhoarerentapartbywelfaredependencyjobdiscriminationandintensefeelingsofalienationhaveproducesminorityteenagerswithverylittleself-disciplineandlittlefaiththatgoodgradesandtheAmericanworkethicwillpayoff.Amilitary-likeenvironmentforthemwithpracticaldomesticobjectivescouldproducestartlingresults.MilitaryservicehasbeenthemostsuccessfulcareertrainingprogramweveeverknownandAmericanchildrenbornintheyearssincetheall-volunteerArmywasinstitutedmakeupalargeproportionofthistargetedgroup.Butthisopportunitymaydisappearforeveriftoomanyofourmilitarybasesaresummarilyclosedandconvertedorsoldtotheprivatesector.Thefacilitiesmanpowertraditionsandcapacityarealreadyinplace.Dontdismantleit:rechannelit.Disciplineisacornerstoneofanyresponsiblecitizenslife.Iwastaughtitbymyfatherwhowasapoliceman.Mayoftheriotershaveneverhadanyatall.AsanathleteandformerArmyofficerIknowthatdisciplinecanbelearned.Moreimportantlyitmustbelearnedoritdoesnttakehold.AprecedentforthisapproachwastheCivilianConservationCorpsthatworkedsowellduringtheGreatDepression.MyfatherenlistedintheCCCasayoungmanwithanelementaryschooleducationandhelearnedinvaluableskillsthatservedhimwellthroughouthislife.Thekeywasthatajobwaswaitingforhimwhenhefinished.Thecertaintyofthatfirstentry-levelpositionisessentialifseverelyalienatedyoungminoritymenandwomenaretokeepthefaith.WeallknowthesearedifficulttimesforthepublicsectorbutheresthechancetoaddenergeticandablemanpowertoAmericasworkforce.Theycouldbepreparedfortheworldofworkorcollege-anoffersimilartothatmadetoreturningGIafterWordWarII.Itwouldbeachancefor16-to21-year-oldstoliveamongotherculturesreligionsracesandindifferentgeographicalareas.Andtheseyoungpeoplecouldbetaughttorallyaroundcommongoalsandfriendshipsthatevolveoutofprideinonessquadplatooncompanybattalion-orcommander.WesawsuchimagesduringthePersianGulfWarandduringtheNACCFinalFourbasketballgames.Inmilitarylifeandcompetitivesportsthiscamaraderiedoesntjusthappen;itistaughtandlearnedinanatmosphereofdisciplineandearnedmutualrespectforeachotherscapabilities.AnationalserviceprogramwouldalsohelpovercometwodamagingperceptionsheldbyAmericasdisaffectedyouth:thesocietyjustdoesntcareaboutminorityyoungstersandthatonespersonalbesteffortswillnotberewardedinourdiscriminatoryjobmarket.HarvardprofessorRobertReichsresearchhasshownthaturbansocialillsaresopervasivethattheupper20percentofAmericans-thefortunatefifth“ashecallsthem-havedecidedquietlyto“secede”fromthebottomfour-fifthsandthelowestfifthinparticular.Wecannotacceptsuchestrangementonapermanentbasis.AndwhatbetterwaytoanswerskepticsfromanygroupthanbycertifyingthetechnicalskillsofgraduatesfromanationalservicetrainingprogramNowwemustactdecisivelytoforestallfutureurbanunrest.Republicansmustputasidetheiraversiontofundingprogramsaimedatcertainculturalgroups.DemocratsmustforgetlabelsandrecognizethatageographicallyisolatedsubgroupofAmericans-theirchildreninparticular-needsystematicandsubstantiveassistanceforatleastanother20years.TheethnictaprootsofminorityAmericansaredeeplyburiedinasoiloffaithandloyaltytotraditionalvalues.WithitsemphasisondisciplineteamworkconflictresolutionpersonalresponsibilityandmarketableskillsdevelopmentnationalservicecanprovideboththetrainingandthatvitalfirstjobthatwillreconnecttheseAmericanstotherestofus.Letsdoitbeforethefirenexttime.Accordingtotheauthor“nationalservice”iscomparableto“militarytrainingvbecausetheybothcultivateyoungsters.goodgradesselfdisciplinemutualtrustworkethicTheauthorcitestheexampleofhisfatherinordertoshowtheimportanceofdisciplinetheimportanceofeducationthenecessityofhavingstrongfaiththeeffectivenessoftheprogramAccordingtotheauthoranationalserviceprogramcanbringthefollowingbenefitstoAmericasyoungstersEXCEPT.increaseinincomeasenseofresponsibilityconfidenceandhopepracticalworkskillsAccordingtothecontextwhatdoes“thefire”refertoPara.14A.Discrimination.B.Anger.C.Riots.D.Aversion.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareeightshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSECTIONA.AnswereachquestioninNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONEWhatdoesPara.2tellusabouttherestaurantbusinessontheAlentejocoastthroughouttheyearAccordingtoPara.5whatarethetwomainreasonsoftheAlentejosinaccessibilityPASSAGETWOWhatdoes“Itwassimplyaboxtickingexercise”meaninPara.2Paras.4-6proposethreemainpreceptsforthenowapproach.PleaseuseONEphrasetosummarizeeachofthethreeprecepts.WhatdoestheauthorsuggesttoshiftthedynamicintheclassroomPara.11PASSAGETHREEWhatisthepurposeoftheprogramproposedbytheauthorParas.1-3Whatdoestheword“it”in“Dontdismantleit:rechannelit.refertoPara.7WhatdoRobertReichsfindingsimplyPara.12LANGUAGEUSAGEThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.IneachcaseonlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.markthepositionofthemissingwordwithasignandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslashandputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.ExampleWhenAartmuseumwantsanewexhibititneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangsthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibitionitmustoftenbuildit.ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasTRANSLATIONTranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextWriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.我小的时候特别盼望过年,往往是一过了腊月,就开始掰着指头数日子对于我们这种焦急的心态,大人们总是发出深沉的感叹,好像他们不但不喜欢过年,而且还惧怕过年他们的态度令当时的我感到失望和困惑,现在我完全能够理解了我想长辈们之所以对过年感慨良多,一是因为过年意味着一笔开支,二是飞速流逝的时间对他们构成巨大压力小孩子可以兴奋地说过了年,我又长大了一岁;而老人们则叹息嗨,又老了一岁过年意味着小孩子正在向自己生命过程中的辉煌时期进步而对于大人则意味着正向衰朽的残年滑落WRITINGThefollowingaretwoexcerptsaboutjobhopping.ReadthetwoexcerptscarefullyandwriteanarticleofNOLESSTHAN300WORDSinwhichyoushould:summarizethemainargumentsinthetwoexcerptsandthenexpressyouropiniontowardsjobhoppingespeciallyonwhetherjobhoppingwouldbenefityourcareerdevelopment.Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpts.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevancecontentsufficiencyorganizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyourarticleonANSWERSHEETFOUR.Excerpt1TheProsofJobHoppingUntilrecentlyjobhoppingwasconsideredcareersuicide.Butthingshavechanged.Asjoblongevitybecomesathingofthepastemployersandrecruitersarebeginningtohaveadifferentoutlookonjobhopping.AccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatisticstheaveragenumberofyearsthat.workershavebeenwiththeircurrentemployeris.Tenureofyoungemployeesages20to34isonlyhalfthatyears.Asitturnsoutjobhoppingcanbeextremelyadvantageousforcertaintypesofpeople-iftheydoitfortherightreasonssaysLaurieLopezapartnerandseniorgeneralmanagerintheITContractsdivisionatWinterWyman.uForthoseintechnologyforexampleitallowsthemtheopportunitytogainvaluabletechnicalknowledgeindifferentenvironmentsandcultures.ThiscanbemorecommonforthosespecializinginIT.Inordertokeeptheirskillsfreshitisnecessaryfortechnologiststoremaincurrentinahighlycompetitivemarket.Jobhoppingismorecommonwithemployeesthatarelesstenuredandfeelconfidentintheirskillstobeabletomoveonandcanaddvalueimmediatelyinanewopportunity.Withemployersbeingmoreopentohiringjobhoppersweexpectthetrendtocontinue.”Excerpt2JobhoppingbecomesmoredifficultasemployersseeksolidcredentialsAmidaslowdowninthecountryseconomicgrowththegoodtimesforjobhoppersmightbecomingtoanendsaidAngelLamassociatedirectorofcommerceandfinancehumanresourcessupplychainandoperationbusinessofRobertWalters.Jobhoppersarethosewhofrequentlychangejobsinatwo-yearspanaccordingtoglobalrecruitmentconsultancyRobertWalters.Employersstartedtoshunthejobhoppersin2012andthetrendbecamemoreapparentin2013andthisyear.uAbout90percentofourclientswillsimplyrejectthecandidateiftheyfindtracesindicatingjobhoppingintheresumes.Theywouldntevengiveaninterview“shesaid.TheusualtimespanforcandidatestochangeajobshouldbebetweenfourtosixyearsespeciallyformiddletoseniormanagementcandidatesastheyhavetodemonstrateprogresstotheiremployersoverthisperiodoftimeaccordingtoLam.Usuallythecandidatewilladapttoallthechangesinthejobinthefirstyearmakesomefinetuninginthesecondyearspeeduphisorherprogressinthethirdyearandstarttoseekmorestabledevelopmentintheensuingyears.OnlyinthiswaycantheemployeeimproveadaptabilitygainpersistenceandgraspbasicskillsetsrequiredforthejobLamsaid.Part11LISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREsigningprimaryliteracydifferentbutcomplementaryavoidingmanyothercontextscharacteristics/featuresreactiondistanceemotiondeliberateintimacyandimmediacycontinuumtypesoflanguagetheusageSECTIONBINTERVIEWWhatisinternationalleadersassessmentofthecurrentbattleagainstEbola答案:B.Disheartening.HowmanypeoplearenowworkinginthetreatmentunitinLiberia答案A.
200.AccordingtoMarywhatisthechallengeinthebattleagainstEbola答案Insufficientoperationaleffortsontheground.Whydohealthworkersneedcasemanagementprotocoltraining答案Theycanopenupmoretreatmentunits.Whatdoesthisinterviewmainlytalkabout答案Ebolaoutpacingoperationalefforts.WhatisTomsmainroleinhisnewposition答案:C.Usingmediainformationtoinspirenewideas.AccordingtoTomwhatdoesinnovationrequireofpeople答案B.BeingbraveandwillingtotakeariskWhatdoesTomseeasgame-changingchancesinthefuture答案:B.Aimingataconsumerlevel.WhatdoesTomdofirsttodealwiththetoughestpartofhiswork答案:D.Examiningthefuturecarefully.WhichofthefollowingmightTomworkfor答案:A.Amediaagency.PartH|READINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSPASSAGEONEThefirstpartofPara.4referstothefactthat.答案lifethereisquietandslow“Thelackofawareness”inPara.5refersto.答案[C]littleknowledgeofthebeautyofthebeachTheauthoruses“gloriously“inPara.6to.答案[C]contrastgreenerywithisolationThesentence“Weneveratethesamethingtwice”inPara.10reflectstheoftheseafoodthere.答案[D]varietyWhichofthefollowingthemesisrepeatedinbothand11答案[A]Publicity.PASSAGETWOItcanbeinferredfromand2thatteachersusedto.答案[D]teachextendedreadinginaperfunctorywayThesentence“weallunderstandandinstinctivelyfeelnarrativestructure”inindicatesthat.答案EC]wearebornstory-tellersSamuelJohnsonregardstherelationshipbetweenawriterandareaderas.答案[B]collaborativeIntheauthorseespre-reading“asthemostimportantpartofreadingbecause.答案[C]itcanattractstudentsattention“TextualInterventionvsuggestedbyRobPopeinPara.8isexpectedtofulfillallthefollowingfunctionsEXCEPT.答案[C]stretchingtheimaginationPASSAGETHREEAccordingtotheauthorunationalservice”iscomparabletoumilitarytraining”becausetheybothcultivateyoungsters.A.Theycanstarteducationprogramsforlocalpeople.Theycanopenupmoretreatmentunits.Theycanprovidepropertreatmenttopatients.Theycanbecomeprofessional.A.Provisionofmedicalfacilities.Assessmentfrominternationalagencies.Ebolaoutpacingoperationalefforts.EffectivetreatmentofEbola.Nowlistentothesecondinterview.Questions6to10arebasedoninterview.A.Interpretingthechangesfromdifferentsources.AnalyzingchangesfromtheInternetforcustomers.Usingmediainformationtoinspirenewideas.Creatingthingsfromchangesinbehaviormediaetc.A.Knowingprevioussuccessstories.Beingbraveandwillingtotakearisk.Beingsensitivetobusinessdata.Beingawareofwhatisinteresting.A.Havingpeopletakearisk.Aimingataconsumerleek.Usingmessagestodothings.Focusingondata-basedideas.A.Lookingforopportunities.Consideringastartingpoint.Establishingthefocalpoint.Examiningthefuturecarefully.答案[B]selfdisciplineTheauthorcitestheexampleofhisfatherinordertoshow.答案[A]theimportanceofdisciplineAccordingtotheauthoranationalserviceprogramcanbringthefollowingbenefitstoAmericasyoungstersEXCEPT.答案[A]increaseinincomeAccordingtothecontextwhatdoes“thefire“refertoPara.14答案[B]Anger.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS说明简答题答案不唯一,意思对即可PASSAGEONEWhatdoesPara.2tellusabouttherestaurantbusinessontheAlentejocoastthroughouttheyear答案BusyinJulyandAugustonly.或者NotbusyalltheyearotherthanJulyandAugust.AccordingtoPara.5whatarethemainreasonsoftheAlentejosinaccessibility答案Farfromairportsandwithoutproperaccommodation.PASSAGETWOWhatdoesItwassimplyaboxtickingexercise”meaninPara.2答案Extendedreadingwastaughtsuperficiallywithoutcreationorenthusiasm.Paras.4-6proposethreemainpreceptsforthenewapproach.PleaseuseONEphrasetosummarizeeachofthethreeprecepts.答案Teachingasstorytellingreadingascreativeprocessesstudentsasreaders.WhatdoestheauthorsuggesttoshiftthedynamicintheclassroomPara.11答案Replacingulanguagevwithnarrativeapproachedasanattractivecreativeprocess.PASSAGETHREEWhatisthepurposeoftheprogramproposedbytheauthorParas.1-3答案Tohelptheurbanpoorleadqualitylives.Whatdoestheword“it”inDontdismantleit:rechannelit“refertoPara.7答案Theresourceofmilitarybasessuitablefornationalservice.WhatdoRobertReichsfindingsimplyPara.12答案Thereisalienationbetweentherichandthepoor.PartIIiIlANGUAGEUSAGEwhichfthatthus-*ashowfhewAthemore-andspecially-especially/particularlydominated-^dominatingmake-*conduct/offerAability-*^thespecialized-*^specializemanner-*^wayPartIVTRANSLATION参考译文ThereasonsfortheeldersmixedfeelingsabouttheNewYearIthinkcomedowntothefollowingtwoones.OntheonehandcelebratingtheNewYearmeansagreatexpensetothem.Ontheotherhandthefleetingtimeexertedconsiderablepressureonthem.KidsmaysayexcitedlythattheybeginanotheryearintheirlifeaftertheNewYear;howeveradultsmaysigh“WellIvebecomeoneyearolder!”ForthekidstheNewYearmeansthattheyaremakingprogressinthemostbrilliantpartoftheirlife.Onthecontraryforadultsitsanindicationthattheyareslidingintotheirdecliningyears.PartMWRITING参考范文JobHoppingYesorNoItseemsthatemployersarenowadaysmoreopentojobhoppersastheformerisincreasinglyawarethatjobhoppingmaybeconducivetotheminthatfreshorganizationalculturesandvaluesespeciallytheupdatedknowledgeareamustfortheemployees.Howeversomeemployersarereluctanttohirethosejobhoppersonthegroundsthatthelatterneedsatleastfourtosixyearstodemonstrateprogresstotheiremployersandthereforejobhopperswhoservedinacompanyforlessthanthatdurationwilldonogoodtoboththepresentandthenextemployers.Forthosewhoarestrugglingforsomethingnewtheyshouldnotfeelguiltyaboutjobhoppingbutthetrendofselectingwhatkindofemployeesbydifferentbusinesseshastobeponderedbeforethefinaldecisionismade.Thecommonlyacceptedwisdomisthatflexibilitymeansadaptingwelltovariouscircumstancesandshouldbehighlyvalued.Inparticularventuringinnewsettingsisnotdetrimentaltopersonalcharactersinonesearlylife.Jobhoppingwillbroadenonesexperienceescalateonesknowledgeandenrichoneslife.Additionallyjobhoppingmayinspiresmartdecisionsinchoosingidealjobsinthefuture.Apartfromafewwhoaredefinitetowardstheircareerlifeatayoungeragemostyoungadultsespeciallythosewhohavejuststeppedoutoftheivorytowerarestillnotquiteclearabouttheirfuture.Jobhoppingwillwithoutdoubthelpnewgraduatesfindtheirtrueselfandthedirectionoftheircareers.Furthermorethoseloyalemployeesdohavestrengthssuchascommitmentdevotionandcredibilitytothejobbutahigherriskofjobburnoutmid-careercrisissabotageorseverecareerbottleneckarewidelyobservedinworkplacewhichmayrenderstagnancyorevenlosstothecompany.Thereisnoquestionthattoswitchjobsshouldbedoneonthebasisthattheemployeehasreallyacquiredskillsinhisorherpresentpostandneedstofurtherhisorherknowledgeorvalues.Forthosewhofrequentlychangejobswithinashortperiodoftimebecausetheyfeelinsecureoraresunkinapathyaboutthejoborevenproblematicwithaddressingrelationshipswithcolleaguesitdeservesreflectionandthehumanresourcesdepartmentwillforsurespotthatout.A.Amediaagency.AnInternetcompany.Aventurecapitalfirm.Abehavioralstudycenter.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiplechoicequestions.ForeachmultiplechoicequestiontherearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedABCandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONEIts7pmonabalmySaturdaynightinJuneandIhavejustorderedmyfirstbeerinICervejariaarestaurantinZambujeiradoMaroneoftheprettiestvillagesonPortugalssouth-westcoast.Theplaceisemptybutthisdoesntsurprisemeatall.IhavespenttwoweeksinthisareadrivingalongemptyroadsplayingwithmysononemptybeachesandstayinginBBswherewearetheonlyguests.Nodoubttherestaurantrunbytwobrothersforthepast28yearsisbuzzinginJulyandAugustwhenPortugueseholidaymakersdescendontheAlentejocoast.Butfortheother10monthsoftheyearthetrickleofdinerswhocometofeastonfantasticallyfreshseafoodreflectsthegeneralpaceoflifeintheAlentejo:sleepyborderingoncomatose.Oneofthepoorestleast-developedleast-populatedregionsinwesternEuropetheAlentejohasbeendubbedboththeProvenceandtheTuscanyofPortugal.Neitherisaccurate.ItssceneryisnotasprettyandapartfrominthecapitalEvoraitsfoodisntassophisticated.Thecharmsofthislandofwheatfieldscorkoakforestswildflowermeadowsandtinywhite-washedvillagesaremoresubtlethaninFranceorItalysposterregions.Totravelhereistostepbackintime40or50years.Liferollsalongatatreaclypace;theresanunnervingstillnesstothelandscape.ButthatstillnessendsabruptlyattheAtlanticOceanwherethereisdramainspades.ProtectedbytheSouthWestAlentejoandCostaVicentinanationalparkthe100kmofcoastlinefromPortoCovointheAlentejotoBurgauintheAlgarveisthemoststunninginEurope.Andyetfewpeopleseemtoknowaboutit.WalkerscometoadmiretheviewsfromtheFishermansWaysurferstoridethebestwavesinEuropebutdayafterdaywehadspectacularbeachestoourselves.ThelackofawarenessispartlyamatterofaccessibilitythesebeachesareagoodtwohoursdrivefromeitherFaroorLisbonairportsandpartlytodowithalackofbeachsideaccommodation.Therearesomegorgeousindependentguesthousesinthisareabuttheyarehiddeninvalleysorattheendofdirttracks.Ourbasewasabeautiful600-acreestateofuncultivatedlandcoveredinrock-roseeucalyptusandwildflowers13kminlandfromZambujeira.Ourone-bedroomhomeAzenhawasoncehometothemillerwhotendedthenow-restoredwatermillnexttoit.Akilometreawayfromthemainhousepoolandrestaurantitisgloriouslyisolated.Steppingoutofthehouseinthemorningtogreetourneighbours-wildhorsesononesidedonkeysontheother-withnothingbutbirdsongfillingtheairIfeltasenseofadventureyounormallyonlygetwithwildcamping.“Whenpeoplefirstarrivetheyfeelalittleanxiouswonderingwhattheyaregoingtodothewholetime“SarahGredleytheEnglishownerofestatetoldme.Butitdoesntusuallytakethemlongtorealisethatthewholepointofbeinghereistoslowdowntoenjoynature.”Wefollowedheradvicewalkingdowntothestreaminsearchofterrapinsandottersorthroughclustersofcorkoaktrees.Onsomedayswetrampeduphilltothewindmillnowaromantichousefortwoforpanoramicviewsacrosstheestateandbeyond.Whenweventuredoutwewerealwaysdrawnbacktothecoast-thegentlesandsandshallowbayofFarolbeach.Attheendofthedaywewouldheadsandy-footedtothenearestrestaurantknowingthatateveryonetherewouldbeacabinetfulloffreshseafoodtochoosefrom-basssalmonlobsterprawnscrabsgoosebarnaclesclams・・・Weneveratethesamethingtwice.AkilometreorsofromICervejariaonZambujeirasidyllicnaturalharbouris0Sacasoriginallybuilttofeedthefishermenbutnowpopularwitheveryone.Afterscarfingplatefulsofseafoodontheterracewewandereddowntotheharbourwheretwofishermeninwetsuitsweresettingoutbyboatacrosstheclearturquoisewatertocollectgoosebarnacles.Otherthanthemtheplacewasdeserted-justanotheremptybeautyspotwhereIwonderedforthehundredthtimethatweekhowthispristinestretchofcoasthasremainedsoundiscovered.ThefirstpartofPara.4referstothefactthat.lifethereisquietandslowtheplaceislittleknowntheplaceisleastpopulatedtherearestunningviews“Thelackofawareness“inPara.5refersto.differentholidayingpreferencesdifficultyoffindingaccommodationlittleknowledgeofthebeautyofthebeachlongdistancefromtheairportsTheauthoruses“gloriously”inPara.6to.describethesceneryoutsidethehouseshowappreciationofthesurroundingscontrastgreenerywithisolationpraisetheregionsuniquefeatureThesentenceWeneveratethesamethingtwice”inPara.10reflectstheoftheseafoodthere.A.freshnessB.delicacyC.tasteD.varietyWhichofthefollowingthemesisrepeatedinbothParas.1and11A.Publicity.Landscape.Seafood.Accommodation.PASSAGETWOIcanstillrememberthefaceswhenIsuggestedamethodofdealingwithwhatmostteachersofEnglishconsideredoneoftheirpethorrorsextendedreading.Theroomwasfulloftiredteachersandmanywerequitecynicalabouttheoffertoworktogethertocreateanewanddynamicapproachtotheplaceofstoriesintheclassroom.Theyhadseenpromisescomeandgoandmerewordswerentgoingtoconvincethemwhichwasashameasitwasmerewordsthatwewereprincipallydealingwith.MostteacherswereunimpressedbytheextendedreadingchallengefromtheMinistryandtheirlackofenthusiasmfortheratherdrylistofsuggestedtaleswaspassedontotheirstudentsandeveryonewaspleasedwhenthatpartofthesyllabuswasover.Itwassimplyaboxtickingexercise.Weneededtodosomethingmore.Weneededaverydifferentapproach.Thatwastenyearsago.Nowwehaveadifferentapproachanditworks.Hereshowithappenedorlikemostgoodstoriesherearethemainparts.Youhavetofillinsomeofyourselfemployingthatunderusedclassroomdevicetheimagination.Westartedwiththreemainprecepts:Firstitisimportanttorealizethatallofusarestorytellerstellersoftales.Weallhaveourownnarratives-therealstoriessuchaswhathappenedtousthismorningorlastnightandtheoneswehavebeentoldbyothersandwehaventexperiencedpersonally.Wecouldsaythatourentirelivesareconstructedasnarratives.Asaresultweallunderstandandinstinctivelyfeelnarrativestructure.Binaryopposites-forexamplethetensioncreatedbetweengoodandbadtogetherwiththeresolutionofthattensionthroughtheinterventionoftimeresourcefulnessandvirtue-isaconceptunderstoodbyeventheyoungestchildren.ProfessorKieranEganinhisseminalbookTeachingasStorytellingwarnsusnottoignorethisinnateskillforitisaremarkabletoolforlearning.Weneedtounderstandthatwritingandreadingaretwosidesofthesamecoin:anauthorhasnotcompletedthetaskifthebookisnotread:thecreativecircleisnotcompletewithoutthereaderwhowillsupplytheirowncreativeinputtotheprocess.SamuelJohnsonsaid:Awriteronlybeginsabook.Areaderfinishesit.Inteachingtermsweoftenforgetthatreadingitselfcanbeacreativeprocessjustaswritingisandwetoooftenrelegateittoameansofdatacollection.Wefrequentlyforgettomakethatdistinctionwhenpresentingnarrativesorpoetryandoftenaskcomprehensionquestionswhichrelatetofactualinformation-whosaidwhatandwhenratherthanspeculatingonwhyforexampleorexaminingthecontextoftheaction.Thethirdpartofthereasoningthatweadoptedrelatestotheneedtoengagethestudentsasreadersintheirownrightnotassimplyaslanguagelearners;learningthelanguageispartoftheprocessnotthereasonforreading.Whattheyreadmustbecometheirsandhaveitsownspecialandsecretlifeintheirheadsaplacewhereteacherscanonlygoifinvited.Wequicklyfoundthatoneofthemostimportantwaysofmakingalltheforegoinghappenwastoengagethecreativetalentsoftheclassbeforetheyreadawordofthetext.Thepre-readingactivitiesbecomethemostimportantpartoftheteachingprocess;theactualreadingpartcanalmostbeseenasthecreamonthecakeandtheprincipleaimofpre-readingactivitiesistogetstudentstowanttoreadthetext.Wedevelopedaseriesofactivitieswhichusescluesorfragmentsfromthetextyettobereadandwhichrelyonthestudentsinnateknowledgeofnarrativesothattheycantobuildtheirownstoriesbeforetheyreadthekeytext.Theyhaveenoughinformationtogenerateideasbutnotsomuchthatitbecomessimplyanexerciseinguidedwriting;releasingafreeimaginationistheobjective.Movingfrompre-readingtoreadingwemayintroducetextualinterventionactivities.’TextualInterventionisatermusedbyRobPopetodescribetheprocessofquestioningatextnotsimplyasaguidetocomprehensionbutasawayofexploringthecontextofthestoryatanyonetimeandexaminingpointsatwhichthenarrativepresentschoicespointsofdivergenceornarrativecrossroads.Wedontdothisforalltextshoweverastheshorteronesdonotseemtogainmuchfromthisprocessanditsimplybreaksupthereadingpleasure.Follow-upactivitiesareneededattheleasttoroundofftheactivitytobringsomesenseofclosurebuttheyalsoofferanopportunitytolinkthereadingexperiencemoredirectlytotherequirementsofthesyllabus.Indeedthestorymayhavebeenchoseninthefirstplacebecausethecontextsupportsoneofthethemesthatteachersarerequiredtoexamineaspartofthesyllabus-forexamplefamiliesscienceandtechnologycommunicationstheenvironmentandalltheotherfamiliarthemes.Thereareveryfewstoriesthatcantbeexploredwithoutsomepartofthesyllabusbeingsupported.Formanyteachersthisisanessentialrequirementiftheyaretoengageinsuchextensivereadingatall.Thewholeprocess-pre-whileandpostreading-couldbejustanhoursactivityoritcouldlastformorethanonelesson.Whenwearedesigningthematerialsforexploringstoriesclearlyitisisntpossibleforustoknowhowmuchtimeanyteacherwillhaveavailablewhichiswhyweconstructtheactivitiesintoaseriesofindependentunitswhichwecallkits.TheyarecalledkitsbecauseweexpectteacherstobuiIdtheirownlessonsoutofthematerialsweprovidewhichimpliesthatlargeamountsmaybediscarded.Whatwedoaskthoughisthatthepre-readingactivitiesbeincludedifnothingelse.Thatisessentialfortheprocesstoengagethestudentasacreativereader..Oneofthepurposesofencouragingacreativereadingapproachinthelanguageclassroomistodowiththedynamicsweperceiveintheclassroom.Strategictheoriststellusofthesocialtrinitywherebythreeelementsarerequiredtoachieveadynamicinanysocialsituation.Inthelanguageclassroomthesemightbeseenasconsistingofthestudenttheteacherandthelanguage.Certainlyfromtheperspectiveofthestudent-andusuallyfromtheperspectiveoftheteacher-therelationshipisanunequalonewiththelanguagebeingperceivedasplacedclosertotheteacherthanthestudent.Thiswillresultinlessdynamicbetweenlanguageandstudentthanbetweenlanguageandteacher.Howeverifwereplacelanguagewithnarrativeandespeciallyifthatisapproachedasacreativeprocessthatdrawsthestudentinsothattheyfeeltheyowntherelationshipwiththetextthenthiswillshiftthedynamicintheclassroomsothatthestudentwhohasnowbecomeareaderismuchclosertothelanguage-ornarrative-thanpreviously.Thiscreatesamuchmoreeffectivedynamicoflearning.Howeversometeachersfeelthreatenedbythisapparentlossofoverallcontrolandmastery.Indeedthewholebusinessofopenendedcreativityandalackofboxestotickforthecorrectanswerisquiteunsettlingterritoryforsometofindthemselvesin.ItcanbeinferredfromParas.1and2thatteachersusedto.opposestronglytheteachingofextendedreadingbeconfusedoverhowtoteachextendedreadingbeagainstadoptingnewmethodsofteachingteachextendedreadinginaperfunctorywayThesentence“weallunderstandandinstinctivelyfeelnarrativeinPara.4indicatesthatwearegoodattellingstoriesweallliketellingstorieswearebornstory-tellerswealllikelisteningtostoriesSamuelJohnsonregardstherelationshipbetweenawriterandareaderasPara.
5.independentcollaborativecontradictory。