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选修9Unit3〜4I.单词拼写The什艮本的)causeofhissuccessishishardwork.Asisknowntousallthedove(象征)peace.Ihopeweshallcometoa(妥协).Thisisavery(主观的)judgementofherabilities.Heremained(始终如——的)inhisoppositiontoanythingnew.Thepolicemanletthedriveroffwitha(告诫).Sometimesweneedtoremindourselvesthatthankfulnessisindeeda美德).Thereisagreatdemandfor(农业的)machineryinthiscountry.Theoldmanbentwithaheavy(重负)onhisback.Thisquestionis(频繁地)asked.单项填空AlthoughtheRomacouldntbeforcedtopaytaxestheycouldntvotetheyagreedtotothegovernment.A.unless;submitB.until;correspondC.when;resignD.while;compromiseThepyramidhowmanyyearsagodoyouknow答案解析I.
1.fundamental
2.symbolizes
3.compromise
4.subjective
5.consistent
6.caution
7.virtue
8.agricultural
9.burden
10.frequentlyn.i.【解析】选a句意尽管不能强迫罗姆人交税,但是他们也不能投票,除非他们同意服从政府submit服从;correspond与相符合;resign辞职;compromise妥协.【解析】选Do句意你知道金字塔追溯到多少年前吗?datefrom/datebackto常指“以现在为起点“往前推,故在句中作谓语时,常用一般现在时,且无被动语态3•【解析】选B句意六方会谈再次以失败而告终,因为朝鲜代表拒绝在核问题上妥协compromise妥协,让步;commit承诺,做,犯(错等);concentrate集中;congratulate祝贺.【解析】选A句意他学习很努力,我相信他将来一定会成功beboundto注定/一定会做某事;beequalto等同于,胜任;becontentwith=besatisfiedwith对满意.【解析】选D句意一一他们的服务怎么样?一一很好,他们会把空调送到你家门口并且帮助你免费安装deliversth.to...把某物送到;give给;release释放;pass传递.【解析】选D句意这个小女孩困惑地看着那座巨大的雕像,想知道雕像的颜色和它的背景为什么不一致beconsistentwith与一致common常见的;similar相似的;furnished配备家具的.【解析】选B句意我认为你应该谨慎给陌生人你的地址这可能很危险cautious谨慎的;confident自信的;scientific科学的;positive积极的【变式备选】[2012黄冈模拟]一WasitJohnthatknockeddowntheoldwoman一Noitcantbetrue.Heisalwayssuchandriver.A.stubbornB.energeticC.positiveD.cautious【解析】选D句意一一是约翰撞倒的那位老太太吗?一一不可能是真的他开车时总是很谨慎cautious谨慎的;stubborn顽固的;energetic精力充沛的;positive积极的.【解析】选C句意从塔顶看,鸟巢看起来更加壮丽theBirdNest与see之间为被动关系,故用过去分词短语作状语.【解析】选B句意预计明天晴天,那时我们可以做些户外活动it为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语.【解析】选Bo句意我突然想起一个可怕的想法一一有人破门而入了吗?occurto想起;strike袭击,意为“突然想到”时,后面直接加sb.;knock敲;attack攻击.【解析】选Bo句意令经理高兴的是,他是一位有雄心壮志的年轻雇员ambitious有雄心的;stubborn顽固的;disappointing令人失望的;subjective主观的.【解析】选Co句意每当你看英文电影的时候,你应该尽力理解一些英语短语everytime每次,每当,引导时间状语从句incase以防;sothat为的是;不存在sosoonas短语.【解析】选Bo句意虽然他来自一个和我相似的家庭,但我们的爱好很少有相似之处besimilarto与相似;havelittlesimilarityin在方面几乎没有相似之处.【解析】选Do句意我父母强烈反对我去省外读大学,因为他们不想我离他们太远objectto反对;lookforwardto期盼;leadto导致;stickto坚持15•【解析】选C句意Sally是一个害羞的姑娘,即使被要求也从不在公共场合说话从不!until直到;unless除非;eventhough即使;asif好像HI.
1.【解析】选D细节理解题文章提到了美国、厄瓜多尔和法国庆祝新年的传统,但没有说哪个国家是在早晨庆祝.【解析】选Co词义理解题根据第三段ItisalsoacommonWesterncustomtomakeaNewYearspromisecalledaresolution.NewYearsresolutionsusuallyincludepromisestotrysomethingneworchangeabadhabitinthenewyear.可矢口其意义是“决心”,故c项最合适.【解析】选B主旨大意题通读此段可知不同国家的人们在新年到来之际都会做一些特别的事情来驱除晦气.【解析】选Bo细节理解题根据最后一段最后一句话可知365颗代表一年中的365天,即一颗带来一天的好运IV.答案:
1.attitude
2.follow
3.embarrassed
4.industries/businesses
5.Causes
6.due
7.admire
8.life
9.characteristics
10.occasions高考英语语法定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句一.关系代词的用法关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语,介词在后指人that/whothat/who/whom指物that/whichthat/which上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略;在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代;另外,关系代词whose表示(先行词)的二.示例.关系代词在定语从句中作主语Doyouknowthemanthat/whocametoseeXiaoYangthismorningThisisabookthat/whichtellsaboutspacerocket..关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语Thecomradethat/who/whomtheycametovisitisascientist.Iwillneverforgetthedaythat/whichwespentinthecountryside..关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语,介词在后Thisisthehousethat/whichhewasbornin.Thepersonthat/who/whomyoushouldwritetoisMrBall.Themanthat/who/whomyoutalkedwithisourEnglishteacher..whose引导的定语从句IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.Thechildwhosemotherdiedinthefireisnowanengineerinourcompany.Heislivinginahousewhosewindowsarepaintedwhite.三.应注意的问题:
1.指物时,关系代词只用that而不用which的情况.先行词被最高级或theonlytheverythesame等修饰时ThisisthebestplaythatwaswrittenbyJack.HeistheonlypersonthatIcantrust..先行词被序数词或thelast等词修饰时a.Thisisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismorning..先行词为alleverythingnothingsomethinganything等不定代词时或被不定代词allanyno等修饰时Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.ThisisallthatIcantellyou..人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时a.MyfatherandMrBrowntalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedforaboutanhour..句中又有which作为疑问词出现时a.WhichisthetrainthatgoestoBeijing
2.关系代词whowhichthat在定语从句中作主语时,要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题.因为who/that/which指代先行词,所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可Icametogetthebookthatwasleftintheclassroom.Icametogetthebooksthatwereleftintheclassroom.关系副词引导的定语从句一.关系副词的用法when在定语从句中作地点状语;where在定语从句中作地点状语;why在定语从句中作原因状语二.示例:HewaswellatthetimewhenIsawhim.Letsmeetattheplacewherewemetyesterday.ThisisthereasonwhyIaminfavorofthesinger.三.应注意的问题.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略,这样的名词如thetimeeverytimeeachtimethemomenttheminutethesecond等也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句a.BythetimewhenhewasfourteenyearsoldhehadlearnedmuchEnglish.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句一.说明关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以位于关系代词之前从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句二这种定语从句中关系代词的用法在这种定语从句中,关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物),而不能使用that/who.示例Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMrBall.ThemanwithwhomyoutalkedisourEnglishteacher.ThegentlemanwithwhosedaughterIworkedlookeddownuponwoman..应注意的问题.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词,也可以是短语介词或类似短语介词的词组Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.Atfiveoclockwereachedthehouseinfrontofwhichthereisabigtree.A.datedbacktoC.datesbackD.datesbacktoTheSix-PartyTalkendedupinfailureagainbecausetherepresentativeofDPRofKorearefusedtoonthenuclearproblem.A.commitB.compromiseC.concentrateD.congratulate[2012临沂模拟]Heissohard-workingthatIbelievehewillbesucceedinthefuture.A.boundtoB.equaltoC.contentwithD.satisfiedwith一Howabouttheirservice一Good.Theytheairconditioningtoyourdoorandhelpyoutoinstallitforfree.A.giveB.releaseC.pass.D.deliver[2012杭州模拟]Thelittlegirllookedatthehugestatuewithapuzzledlookwonderingwhythecolourofitwasnotwithitsbackground.A.commonB.similarC.furnishedD.consistent[2012衢州模拟]Ithinkyoushouldbeaboutgivingyouraddresstostrangers.Itmightbedangerous.Atfiveoclockwereachedthemountainatthefootofwhichliesomefarmhouses..根据表达的需要,介词之前还可以有其他词,从而构成名词或代词+介词+关系代词引导的定语从句Iusedtoliveinasmallroomthewindowofwhichfacesthestreet.Atthegatestoodagroupofstudentssomeofwhomaregirls..介词若为短语动词中的介词,则不可将介词拆开放在关系代词之前Thisisthemagazinewhichyouarelookingfor.(for不能放在which之前)ThechildwhomAuntLitakescareofisill.(of不能放在whom之前).关系副词when/where/why常可与介词+关系代词互换DoyourememberthedayswhenwewereinBeijing(=inwhichwewereinBeijing)Doyouremembertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawholeday=inwhichweonceplayedforawholedayThisisthereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterday.=forwhichhewasabsent限定性与非限定性定语从句一.两者的区别见下表形式作用译法限定性定语从句无逗号与主句分开修饰限定作用,即不可缺少的定语其译文常位于先行词之前,并体现的非限定性定语从句有逗号与主句分开附加、补充说明的作用,若缺少它,句意仍然完整常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句二.关系词的用法非限定性定语从句不能用that引导,并且关系词在任何情况下都不能省略,除此之外,在关系词的使用上,非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句完全相同.示例Mybookwhichisveryoldisonthetable.PresidentKennedywhohadheardofKingbeforewasinterestedtomeethim.HisfatherwhoisworkinginBeijingisanengineer.Thehousewherehewasbornhasbeendestroyedintheearthquake.Mr.SmithwithwhomyoujusttalkedisourEnglishteacher.ThegentlemanwithwhosedaughterIworkedlookeddownuponwoman..应注意的问题l.as/which者B可以引导一个非限定性定语从句,as/which是关系代词指代主句中所提到的某种情况,它们的不同点是.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首,句中,句尾;但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后.as还带有正如,正象之意,而which不含此意Theearthislikeaballaseveryoneknows.Aseveryoneknowstheearthislikeaball.TheysaidtheywereFrenchwhichwasnttrue.常见问题一.定语从句还原法试题中有很多有关定语从句的,这类题往往需选择引导词部分.做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分.基于这一点,我们可以用还原法来检验定语从句是否正确,即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句.具体做法是
①.第一步替换.将关系代词直接替换成先行词,如果是关系副词先替换成介词+关系代词,再将关系代词替换成先行词
②.第二步调整,即调整语序,看能否构成一个合理的简单句例如,还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是先将that/which替换成先行词thepark再调整语序,就能得到一个合理的简单句Wevisitedtheparklastyear.再如,还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是先将where替换成inwhich再将which替换成先行词thepark再调整语序,就得到一个合理的简单句Weonceplayedforawholedayinthepark.Doyouremembertheparkthat/whichwevisitedlastyearDoyouremembertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawholedayDoyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetherDoyoustillrememberthedayswhenweweretogether二.分隔定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但有时也被分隔开来,在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么Iwastheonlypersonintheofficewhowasinvited.HewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhopassedtheGRE.
①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首,句中,句尾;但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后
②.as还带有正如,正象之意,而which不含此意Theearthislikeaballaseveryoneknows.Aseveryoneknowstheearthislikeaball.TheysaidtheywereFrenchwhichwasnttrue.常见问题一.定语从句还原法试题中有很多有关定语从句的,这类题往往需选择引导词部分.做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分.基于这一点,我们可以用还原法来检验定语从句是否正确,即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句.具体做法是
①.第一步替换.将关系代词直接替换成先行词,如果是关系副词先替换成介词+关系代词,再将关系代词替换成先行词
②.第二步调整,即调整语序,看能否构成一个合理的简单句例如,还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是先将that/which替换成先行词thepark再调整语序,就能得到一个合理的简单句Wevisitedtheparklastyear.再如,还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是先将where替换成inwhich再将which替换成先行词thepark再调整语序,就得到一个合理的简单句Weonceplayedforawholedayinthepark.Doyouremembertheparkthat/whichwevisitedlastyearDoyouremembertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawholedayDoyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetherDoyoustillrememberthedayswhenweweretogether二.分隔定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但有时也被分隔开来,在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么Iwastheonlypersonintheofficewhowasinvited.HewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhopassedtheGREA.confidentB.cautiousC.scientificD.positive[2012临沂模拟]fromthetopofthetowertheBirdNestlooksmoremagnificent.A.ToseeB.SeeingC.SeenD.See[2012青岛模拟]isexpectedthatitwillbefinetomorrowwhenwecandosomeoutdooractivities.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which[2012苏州模拟]Aterriblethoughtsuddenlytome.——HadanyonebrokenintothehouseyouseeanEnglishfilm.C.everytimeThoughhecamefromafamilysimilarminewehavelittlesimilaritytaste.A.with;toB.to;inD.to;forMyparentsstronglymygoingtocollegeoutofourprovincebecausetheydontlikemybeingfarawayfromthem.A.lookforwardtoB.leadtoC.sticktoD.objecttoSallyashygirlneverspeaksinpublicsheisaskedtonever!A.untilB.unlessC.eventhoughD.asifm.阅读理解[2012许昌模拟]Almostallculturescelebratetheendofoneyearandthebeginningofanotherinsomeway.Differentculturescelebratethebeginningofanewyearindifferentwaysandatdifferenttimesonthecalendar.InWesterncountriespeopleusuallycelebrateNewYearatmidnightonJanuary1st.Peoplemaygotopartiesdressinformalclothes—liketuxedos(小礼月艮)andeveninggownsanddrinkchampagneatmidnight.DuringthefirstminutesoftheNewYearpeoplecheerandwisheachotherhappinessfortheyearahead.ButsomeculturesprefertocelebratetheNewYearbywakingupearlytowatchthesunrise.TheywelcometheNewYearwiththefirstlightofthesunrise.ItisalsoacommonWesterncustomtomakeaNewYearspromisecalledaresolution.NewYearsresolutionsusuallyincludepromisestotrysomethingneworchangeabadhabitinthenewyear.Manyculturesalsodospecialthingstogetridofbadluckatthebeginningofanewyear.ForexampleinEcuadorfamiliesmakeabigdollfromoldclothes.Thedollisfilledwitholdnewspapersandfirecrackers.Atmidnightthesedollsareburnedtoshowthebadthingsfromthepastyeararegoneandthenewyearcanstartafresh(重新).Othercommontraditionstokeepawaybadluckinanewyearincludethrowingthingsintoriversortheoceanorsayingspecialthingsonthefirstdayofthenewyear.OneoftheotherNewYeartraditionsfollowedtobringgoodluckistoeatgrapesonNewYearsDay.Themoregrapesapersoneatsthemoregoodluckthepersonwillhaveintheyear.InFrancepeopleeatpancakesforgoodluckatNewYear.IntheUnitedStatessomepeopleeatblack-eyedpeas(或豆)forgoodluck一buttogetgoodluckforawholeyearyouhavetoeat365ofthem!
1.WhichculturecelebratesNewYearinthemorningTheUnitedStates.Ecuador.France.Thepassagedoesntsay.WhatisaresolutionA.Somethingyouburn.B.Somethingyoueat.C.Somethingyousay.D.Somethingyouwear.WhatisthetopicofthefourthparagraphBringinggoodluck.Keepingawayfrombadluck.Planningforthenextyear.Rememberingthepast.WhichisprobablyTRUEabouteatingblack-eyedpeasonNewYearsDayBlack-eyedpeastastebad.Onepeabringsonedayofluck.Thepeasareverydifficulttocook.Itisbadlucktoeatalotofblack-eyedpeas.IV.任务型阅读[2012南通模拟]请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入1个最恰当的单词注意每个空格只填一个单词Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweareandfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedotheytelluswewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashionofcoursedoesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboyshairinthesamewayasheusedtoandgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.WhatcausesfashiontochangeSometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimatesearlybuildingswerecoldinsidesopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.InrecenttimesthelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghatsandmoreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.Thereisalsoacyclical(周期性的)patterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmericashortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarIItheydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyearsskirtsbecamelongeragain.Todaysocietyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreasonyoucandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy“lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashion.houses.Atthesametimeappearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwou1dbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweateranditwouldbediscourteous(失礼的)tovisits.omedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.Howeveryouneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudontlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou11seethatnooneelsedoeseither!FashionChangeshow.theirpersonal9insteadofgoingafterpopularity.ThewritersattitudeWedoneedtodressourselvesproperlyonsome10butwedonthavetobeinfashionalltheway.Peoples1towardsfashionOrdinarypeoplejust2thetrendsoffashionpassively.InfluencesoffashionPeopleareabletofeelmoreconfidentorless3iftheydressthemselvesfashionably.Fashionordressing4mayhavetorushconstantlytokeepupwiththefashion.5offashionchangingSometimesafashioncomesintoexistence6toconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustbecausepeople7aninfluentialperson.CyclicalpatterninfashionSomeoldfashionmaycomebackto8afteracertainperiodoftime.FashiontodayPeopletendtodressfreelyto。