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AlfredNobel—AmanofcontrastsAlfredNobelthegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialistwasamanofmanycontrasts.Hewasthesonofabankruptbutbecameamillionaire;ascientistwithaloveofliteratureanindustrialistwhomanagedtoremainanidealist.Hemadeafortunebutlivedasimplelifeandalthoughcheerfulincompanyhewasoftensadinprivate.Aloverofmankindheneverhadawifeorfamilytolovehim;apatrioticsonofhisnativelandhediedaloneonforeignsoil.Heinventedanewexplosivedynamitetoimprovethepeacetimeindustriesofminingandroadbuildingbutsawitusedasaweaponofwartokillandinjurehisfellowmen.Duringhisusefullifeheoftenfelthewasuseless:AlfredNobel“heoncewroteofhimself“oughttohavebeenputtodeathbyakinddoctorassoonaswithacryheenteredlife.,zWorld-famousforhisworkshewasneverpersonallywellknownforthroughouthislifeheavoidedpublicity.〃Idonotsee“heoncesaid“thatIhavedeservedanyfameandIhavenotasteforit〃butsincehisdeathhisnamehasbroughtfameandglorytoothers.HewasborninStockholmonOctober211833butmovedtoRussiawithhisparentsin1842wherehisfatherImmanuelmadeastrongpositionforhimselfintheengineeringindustry.ImmanuelNobelinventedthelandmineandmadealotofmoneyfromgovernmentordersforitduringtheCrimeanWarbutwentbankruptsoonafter.MostofthefamilyreturnedtoSwedenin1859whereAlfredrejoinedthemin1863beginninghisownstudyofexplosivesinhisfather,slaboratory.HehadneverbeentoschooloruniversitybuthadstudiedprivatelyandbythetimehewastwentywasaskilfulchemistandexcellentlinguistspeakingSwedishRussianGermanFrenchandEnglish.LikehisfatherAlfredNobelwasimaginativeandinventivebuthehadbetterluckinbusinessandshowedmorefinancialsense.Hewasquicktoseeindustrialopeningsforhisscientificinventionsandbuiltupover80companiesin20differentcountries.Indeedhisgreatnesslayinhisoutstandingabilitytocombinethequalitiesofanoriginalscientistwiththoseofaforward-1ookingindustrialist.ButNobel,smainconcernwasneverwithmakingmoneyorevenwithmakingscientificdiscoveries.Seldomhappyhewasalwayssearchingforameaningtolifeandfromhisyouthhadtakenaseriousinterestinliteratureandphilosophy.Perhapsbecausehecouldnotfindordinaryhumanlove一一henevermarried一一hecametocaredeeplyaboutthewholeofmankind.Hewasalwaysgeneroustothepoor:〃Idrathertakecareofthestomachsofthelivingthanthegloryofthedeadintheformofstonememorialsz,heoncesaid.HisgreatestwishhoweverwastoseeanendtowarsandthuspeacebetweennationsandhespentmuchtimeandmoneyworkingforthiscauseuntilhisdeathinItalyin
1896.HisfamouswillinwhichheleftmoneytoprovideprizesforoutstandingworkinPhysicsChemistryPhysiologyMedicineLiteratureandPeaceisamemorialtohisinterestsandideals.Andsothemanwhofeltheshouldhavediedatbirthisrememberedandrespectedlongafterhisdeath.。