还剩1页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
高中英语北师大版选择性必修第二册课文英汉对照Unit5Lesson3UnderstandingUnderstanding认识世界It seemsobvious nowhow weacquire knowledge and understanding.To startwith,we needquestions.Then,to findanswers,we observethe world around us andstudy the facts.After that,we considerpossible answersand testeach to findthe rightones.Although todaywe aremore usedto typinga fewkey wordsintoa searchengine andwaiting forthe Internetto giveusananswer,modernscientists andthinkers arestill solvingthe world,s problemswith thistypeof analysis―luckily forus.今天,如何获取知识、认识世界,人人皆知首先,我们需要问题然后,为了寻找答案,我们观察周围的世界并研究相关事实之后,我们思考可能的答案并逐个验证,以找到正确答案尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲儿个关键词,等待互联网为我们提供答案,但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题一一我们应该为此感到庆幸However,in the17th centurywhen FrancisBacon1561-1626suggested thatthistype ofthinking was the wayto gainknowledge,he wasgoing againstthe viewsof the day.Although Baconheld animportant rankin KingJames royalcourtof England,his trueinterest wasnot theday-to-day,slow andinefficientworking styleof thegovernment,but theworthy searchfor knowledge.This wascertainlynot theinterest ofmost peoplein hisdays.At thattime,peoplebelieved morein the church thanin facts,and peoplelike Galileo Galilei1564-1642,who provedthe ideathat”the Earthis not the centre of theuniversen,were oftenpunished bythechurchwith noone comingto theirdefence.The churchand manypeople tendedto ignorethefactsand didnt wanttochallenge what they hadalways comfortablybelieved.In fact,when Galileiprovedthat the Earth wasnotthe centreof the universe,instead ofbelievinghim,people choseto believeviews that were almost2,000years old!17世纪时,弗朗西斯•培根1561—1626提出用这种思考方式获取知识时,他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重,但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风,而是那些值得探索的知识当然,探索知识并不是那个时代大多数人的兴趣所在那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实,像伽利略•伽利莱1564—1642那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物,往往会被教会惩罚,也没有人会为他们辩护教会和多数人一样往往忽视事实,不愿意去挑战自己一直以来相信的东西事实上,当伽利略证明地球不是宇宙的中心时,人们没有选择相信他,而宁愿相信2000年前的陈旧观占!
八、、•It isnot surprisingthat peoplewanted tobelieve theseprimitive ideasas theyhadbeen putforward bythe greatphilosopher Aristotle384-322BCE.He saidthattheEarthmust bethecentreoftheuniverse becauseit feltlike theEarthwas standingstill.Galilei disagreed.At first,people approvedof hisstudiesand urgedhim tocontinue,but laterwhen heproved Aristotlewrong,they grewangryand puthim inprison.They didnt wantto abandonwhattheyd alwaysthoughtas true.And thisis stilloften truetoday.People makethe assumptionthatif someoneimportant andrespected saysthat somethingis right,then itmustbe so.But eventhough Aristotlewas agreat manwho inspiredmany greatscientistsand philosophersafter him,he waswrong attimes.And Galileialsomade mistakes.He isnow knownasthefather ofastronomy buthe believedthatthe Earthmoved roundthe sunin aperfect circle.He waswrong.人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德公元前384—前322提出的那些陈旧的观点,这一点并不奇怪亚里士多德坚信地球是宇宙的中心,因为人们感觉地球是静止不动的但伽利略却不同意起初人们认可他的研究成果,催促他继续研究,但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时,人们生气了,并把他送进监狱他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识如今这种现象也很常见如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的,那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的但即使是亚里士多德这样曾鼓舞了无数科学家和哲学家的伟大人物,有时也会犯错误伽利略自己也犯过错误虽然他现在被称为天文学之父,但他认为地球绕太阳旋转的轨迹是一个正圆他错了Therefore,our understanding ofthe worldaroundus isconstantly growingandchanging.In otherwords,we learnmore everyday andnone ofus canever sitbackand say,“We knowit all.We needto thankthe greatmen ofthe pastfortheir wisdom.They understoodthatwedon tknow everythingand probablyneverwill,as thiswould meana worldwith questions.因此,我们对周围世界的认识在不断地增长、变化换句话说,我们每天都在学习更多的知识,谁也不能停止学习并且说“我什么都知道了我们需要感谢先辈伟人的智慧他们早就知道,人不可能什么都懂,而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情,也就是说世界总是充满问题的We oweso muchof ourknowledgeand understandingoftheworldto peoplelikeBacon andGalilei,who werebrave enoughto stepout fromthe shadowsofconventional thoughtin ordertofindthe kingdomof knowledgethat today,scivilisation isbuilt upon.These menknew thatknowledgeandunderstandingarethings tofight for;more vitalto aman,and morebeneficialto mankind,some mightsay,than allthe moneyin theworld.我们对世界的认识和理解,很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利略这样的人,正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影,才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国这些伟人懂得,知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的;正如一些人所言,和全世界的金钱相比,这些对个人而言更重要,对全人类而言更有益文中名言Who questionsmuch,shall learnmuch,and remembermuch.一FrancisBaconl多问,多学,多得一一弗朗西斯•培根All truthsare easyto understandonce theyare discovered;the pointis todiscoverthem.一GalileoGalilei2所有的真理一旦被发现,都很容易理解最难的是发现真理一一伽利略•伽利莱。