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课题名称一般现在时态的被动语态授课老师教学目标
1.学情诊断;
2.新授课教学重点教主动语态与被动语态句子结构转换学难点设计意图强化词汇与句子结构
一、学情诊断
二、学问结构万能充
(一)被动语态的概念英语的语态是通过动词形式的变更表现出来的英语中有两种语态主动语态和被动语态
(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者e.g.Many peoplespeakEnglish.谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的
(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象c.g.English isspokenbymany people.主语English是动词speak的承受者
(二)被动语态的句型L常见句式是主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者)教学过程例如主动语态-The Englishteacherscolded him.被动语态fHisscolded bytheEnglishteacher.
2.主语+get+过去分词+其它成分例如Theboygot drownedlast summer./Shegot firedbecause ofherfaults.留意运用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”
3.带有双宾语(干脆宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是干脆宾语,也可以是间接宾语若将干脆宾语提前作主语,需将介词t还原出来例如Shelent meabike.—被动
(1)1was lenta bike(byher).
(2)Abikewas lentto me(byher).
4.情态动词+be+过去分词例如This problemmustbe workedout inhalfan hour.
四、被动语态要留意的问题
(1)我们知道,主动语态变为被动语态时,通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语;谓语动词变为被动语态“be+过去分词”形式e.g.Everyone likestheinterestingfilm.(主动语态)-*The interestingfilm islikedbyeveryone.(被动语态)They usedknives tocut things.(主动语态)—Knives arcused tocutthings.(被动语态)但是,并非全部由“be+过去分词”构成的形式就是被动语态有时过去分词已经变为形容词,表示一种状态试比较My brotherisvery interestedin English.我哥哥对英语特殊感爱好(状态)My brotherwas interestedbywhat Itoldhim.我告知他的话让我哥哥特殊感爱好(动态)
(2)在被动语态中谓语动词确定是及物动词,也就是说必需是跟宾语的动词e.g.Wecan makemetalsinto differentshapes.(主动语态)—Metals can bemadeintodifferent shapes.(被动语态)(在主动语态中make是及物动词,其动作的承受者即宾语是metals)但是,并非全部的及物动词都有被动语态比如,表示静态的动词(have,belongto).宾语是反身代词或相互代词等e.g.He hasanice house.他有一所漂亮的房子Wemusthelp eacholher.我们应当相互帮助
(3)主动语态中的主语在变为被动语态时通常变为由介词by的引出的宾语e.g.They havealreadycut downthetrees.—Thc treeshave alreadybeen cutdown bythem,那些树木己经被他们砍光假如谓语动词是know,在变为被动语态时,原来的主语变为由2引出的宾语e.g.Many peopleknowhimvery well.—He iswellknown tomanypeople.很多人都特殊了解他留意我们之所以用被动语态是因为我们不清楚动作的执行者、或没有必要指出动词的执行者等因此很多被动语态没有由by引出的宾语e.g.Peoplemaylosetheirlivesand homesortheymaybeinjuredbadlyinafire.在大火中人们可能失去性命和家园,要不就是严峻烧伤It is usedfor protectingthefireman fromsmoke.它用来爱惜消防人员以避开吸进烟雾
(4)在主动语态变为被动语态时,时态一般应保持一样e.g.Wewillbuild morefactories inmyhometown.—Morefactories willbebuiltinmyhometown.我们家乡将要建起更多的工厂为此,我们必需记住以下某些时态的被动结构do(cs)—is/am/arc donedid—was/wcrc donehavc/has done—havc/has beendonewilldo一will bedonebe doing—be beingdone
(5)某些动词可以跟双宾语如give、pass,bring,buy等,在变为被动语态时假如干脆宾语变为被动语态中的主语,则间接宾语通常由介词I、foi•引出e.g.They passmealetter.—Aletter ispassedto me.他们递给我一封信Themotherbought herdaughter agift.—A giftwas boughtfbr herdaughter.那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物
(6)某些动词make、hear、see、watch等在主动语态中,其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式但在变为被动语态时通常省略的不定式符号t必需复原c.g.Hemadeuscleantheclassroomafterschool.—Weweremadetoclean theclassroomafterschool.我们被迫在放学后打扫教室Isaw himcomeintotheroom.一He wasseen tocomeintotheroom.人们望见他进了屋子
(7)在主动语态中假如谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词,变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词Oe.g.They musttake good careofthechildren.—Thechildren mustbetaken good care of,孩子们必需当心照看
(8)当read,wash,sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义e.g.Thecloth washeswell.这种布料好洗Thebooksells quickly.这书销售得快【注】该用法通常与well,easily,quickly等副词连用
(9)不及物动词没有被动语态因为不及物动词没有宾语,所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语,故不能用于被动语态但是值得留意的是,有些英语中的不及物动词,译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的,很简洁出错,这类动词如takeplace(发生),ha叩en(发生),comeabout(发生),breakout(爆发),appear(出现),disappeai•(消逝),last(持续),arise(出现,发牛.)等:Influenzausually breaksout inwinter.流感通常发生在冬季Use(his moneywhen(heneed arises.有须要时就运用这笔钱
(10)英语中的静态动词(如have,lack,fit,hold,suit,resemble等)通常不用于被动语态My shoesdon,t fitme.我的鞋不合适Theyoung manlacksexperience.这个年轻人缺乏阅历
(11)系动词是没有被动语态Look,feel,sound,smell,tastc....Thedishtastes good.
(12)need表示须要时,后面常接doing形式表示被动意义,相当于tobedone.
(13)在too…to…及enough to…结构中有时表示被动意义Theproblem istoo difficultto solve.课堂运用
一、选择正确答案()
1.English inCanada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speakingD.is spoken()
2.This Englishsong by the girlsafter class.A.often singsB.often sangC.isoften sangD.is oftensung
3.This kindof car_____in Japan.A.makes B.made C.is makingD.is made
4.New computers_____all over the world.A.is usedB.are usingC.are usedD.have used
5.Our roommust_____clean.A.keep B.be keptC.to be kept D.to keep
6.A newhouse_____at thecorner ofthe road.A.is buildingB.is beingbuilt C.been builtD.be building
7.Doctors_______in everypart ofthe world.A.need B.are needingC.are neededD.will need
8.Japanese_____in everycountry.A.is notspoken B.are spokenC.is speakingD.is notspeaking
9.My shoesare worn out.__________________________A.Cant theybe mendedB.Let mehave alook atit.C.How muchdo theycost D.Cant theymended
10.The flowers________often.A.must bewater B.must bewatered C.must wateredD.must water
二、用动词的正确语态填空
1.The students__often___________tell totake care of theirdesks andchairs.
2.That play__________put onagain sometimenext month.
3.The oldman isill.He_________must sendto thehospital.
4.Vegetables,eggs andfruits____________sell inthis shop.
6.The room________________clean byme every day.
7.These kindsof machines______________make inJapan.
8.Apples_____________________grow inthis farm.
三、按要求改写句子
1.They makewatches in Suzhou.Watches___________________in Suzhou.确定式Watches___________________in Suzhou.否定式__________watches____________inSuzhou疑问式
2.Peter takesa photo.确定式___________________________________________否定式___________________________________________疑问式______________________________________________________________________
3.We cleanthe classroomevery day.确定式__________________________________________________________________________否定式____________________________________________________________________________________疑问式________________________________________________________________________
四、将下列句子变成被动语态
1.People usestamps forsending letters.
2.Parents andteachers shouldallow teenagersto choosetheir ownclothes.
3.What dopeople usemobile phonesfor
4.Farmers growrice inthe southof China.
5.I cantrepair thebroken kite.
一、选择正确答案I.The booksmay________for twoweeks.A.bekeptB.be borrowedC.keep D.borrow
2.The brokenbike________here byMr Smith.A.can mendB.can mendedC.can bemend D.canbemended
3.The pot_______for____hot water.A.used;keeping B.is used;keeping C.isused;to keepD.are used;keep
4.Wet clothesare often______up neara firein rainyweather.A.hang B.hanged C.hanging D.hung
5.The teapot_______water.A.is filledwith B.filled of C.fulling ofD.filled课后作业
6.Old peoplemust be looked after well and_________politely.A.speak toB.spokenC.speak D.spoken to
7.Old peoplemust________.A.look afterwell B.be looked well afterC.lookedwellafter D.belookedafterwell
8.Newly-born babies_____in hospital.A.are takengood careB.are takengoodcare ofC.take goodcareofD.take goodcare
9.Thesewalls__________________stone.A.are made of B.madeof.C.are made into D.madeinto
10.Please passme anothercup.This one_________.A.is brokenB.is breakingC.broke D.broken
11.What timethe doorevery dayA.does;closed B.does;close C.is;closed D./;close
12.Coal canto produceelectricity foragricultureand industry.A.have usedB.used C.be usedD.use
13.Nobody likes.A.laughed atB.laughing atC.being laughedat D.being laughed
14.It issaid thattigers inAsia yearafteryear.A.are beingdisappeared B.are disappearingC.will bedisappeared D.will disappear
15.We shouldkeepthe animalsfrom.A.beendangeredB.endangeringC.beingendangeredD.endangered16Asweknow,alltheregulationsin school.A.mustkeeptoB.mustbekeptC.mustkeepD.mustbekeptup
17.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdirty thingsinto it.A.bestopped tothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing
18.Cottoninthesoutheast ofChina.A.is grownB.are grownC.grows D.grow
19.Your shoes.You needa newpair.A.wear outB.wornoutC.are wornout D.is worn
20.The GreatWall allover theworld.A.knows B.knew C.is knownD.was known
二、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.Planes,cars andtrains useby businesspeople fortravelling.
2.We canfinish thework in two days.The workintwodays.
3.They producesilk inSuzhou.Silk inSuzhou.
4.My brotheroften mendshis watch.His watchby mybrother.
5.We mustwater theflowers every day.The flowersmust_________by usevery day.
6.They useknives forcutting things.Knives forcutting things.
7.We cleanthe classroomevery day.The classroomeveryday.
三、按要求改写句子
1.They makewatches inSuzhou.Watches inSuzhou.确定式Watches inSuzhou.否定式watches inSuzhou疑问式
2.Peter takesa photo.(确定式)_________________________________________(否定式)_________________________________________(疑问式)____________________________________________________________________
3.We cleanthe classroomeveryday.(确定式)_______________________________________________________________________(否定式)__________________________________________________________________________________(疑问式)_______________________________________________________________________
四、按要求完成句子
1.He doesntoperate thismachine.
2.Students mustobey theschool rules.
3.We mightput offthe soccermatch untilnext Tuesday.
4.People producesilk inSuzhou andHanzhou.
1.1will studyFrench lateron.______________________________________________________
6.We shouldntlaugh atthe disabledpeople
7.We oftenhear hersinging songsnext door.
8.The policecould catchthe thieves._______________________________________________________
9.This engineerdesign thisnew kindof mobilephone.
10.Mr Chendoesnt teachus history._______________________________________________________
11.This factoryproduces machinetools.
12.They shoulddo itat once.______________________________________________________
13.Do theytakegoodcareofthe sick_______________________________________________________
14.People speakEnglish inmany countries.
15.Hedoes hishomework everyday.___________________________________________________
16.The studentshomework iscorrected byMr.Li everymorning.
17.Basketball isplayed bypeople allovertheworld.
18.Tennis isplayed byJenny threetimes aweek.
19.The lightsare usuallyswitched offby himwhen heleaves.
20.Millions ofdollars areusually paidfor musicby them.
21.Water isused tomake thingsby factories.
22.Small fishis keptas petsby manypeople.
23.The wallsand roofare heatedbythesun duringthe day。