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定语从句-基本概念由一个句子作定语,修饰句中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容,这样的从句
1.就是定语从句,被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词.关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其所修饰的先行2词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分关系词的分类和基本用法表分类指代引导词人who,whom,that,as关系代词事物which,that,as人或物表所属关系whose地点where关系副词时间when原因why表二关系代词指代例句解释在定从中作主语whoThe manwho helpedyou isMr White.That isthe personwhom/who/that you在定从中作宾语,可省略whomwant to see.He isthe fatherwhose sonstudies very人在定从中作定语whosewell inour class.Im notthe foolthat youthought meto在定从中作表语thatbe.He issuch alazy manas nobodywants在定从中作宾语asto workwith.The onlything that we cando isto give在定从中作宾语thatyou someadvice.A dictionaryis auseful bookwhich tells在定从中作主语whichus themeaning ofwords事物He livesin aroom whosewindow faces在定从中作定语whosesouth在定从中作宾语It issuch abig stoneas nobodycan lift.as整句内容在定从中作主语As isknown toall,he isthe beststudent.表三关系副词指代例句解释Would yousuggest atime whenwe can时间在定从中作状语whenhave atalkThe housewhere theylive is not very地点在定从中作状语wherelarge.This isthe reason why hedid notcame原因在定从中作状语whyto themeeting.
(二)定语从句的注意点本部分的内容比较复杂,为便于考生一目了然,我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生与的用法区别l.that which,who,whom情况用法说明例句
①先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,等不定代词时little,much,
②先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,
①He toldme everythingthat heknows.等修饰时no,some,few
③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
②All thebooks that you offeredhas been只用that的情况
④先行词既指人又指物时given out.
⑤先行词被修饰时
③the only,the veryThis isthe bestfilm thatI haveever read.
⑥句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重
④We talkedabout the persons andthings复时that weremembered.
⑤He isthe onlyman thatI wanttosee.
⑥Who isthe manthat ismaking aspeech
①在非限制性定语从句中,只能用指代
①which Hehas ason,who hasgone abroadfor物,用who/whom指人further study.只用which,who,
②在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
②I likethepersonto whomthe teacheriswhom的情况中,只能用which指物,whom指人talking.
③先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先
③Those whorespect othersare usually行词为those,one,he时多用who respectedby others.o©Mary,there isone waythatyoucould stopotherstalking aboutyou andcriticizing you.只用that,in which
②I wasstruck bythe beautyof the way in或不用关系词的the way做先行词时which shestood.情况3What surprisedme wasnot whathe saidbut___________he saidit.A,the wayB.in theway thatC.in theway D.thewaywhich和的区别
2.as whichthat从句区别例句限制性定语从句名词前有和修饰时,关系such the same Heisnotsuch afool ashe looks.中代词用as,不能用which Dontread suchbooks asyou cantunderstand.as和which都可以指代前面整个主句如They won the game,as wehad expected.果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主They wonthe game,which wehadnt expected.非限制性定语从句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而As iswell known,he is a famousfilm starin句中引导的从句只能放主句后,并无the1980s.which“正如”的意思Thats the same toolas I used last week.和指同类事物同类工具,不是同一把the same...as thesame...as thesame...that指原物那就thesame...that Thatsthesametool thatI usedlastweek.是我上周用过的工具与引导的定语从句
3.where whenwhy关系副词用法例句关系副词引导定语从句时,只能在where Werejust tryingto teacha point____both定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必sides willsit downtogether andtalk.A.wherewhere须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名1司B.that C.when D.which关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在There was________time_________I hatedwhen定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必to goto school.须是表示时间的名词A.a;that B.a;whenC.the;that D.the;when关系副词引导定语从句时,只能在whyDo you know thereasonwhyshe wasput into定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必why你知道她坐牢的原因吗?prison须是表示原因的名词.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句4当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”先行词指物,用“介词指人则用“介词,且两个关系代词均不能省+which/whose”,+whom/whose”略介词的选择要遵循两个原则原则内容例句I sawa womanrunning towardme in the dark.Before Icouldrecognize whoshe was,she hadrun backin the根据定语从句中谓语动词与先direction_____________she hadcome.原则一行词的搭配内容而定A.of whichB.by which C.in whichD.from which[解析]此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,根据句意用表示“所来的那个方向”,from which故答案选[]DThere aretwo buildings,________stands nearlyahundred feethigh.A.the largerB.the largerof them原则二根据先行词而定C.the largerone thatD.the largerof which[解析]指代the largerof whichthe largerof thetwo在定语从句中指代作介词buildings,which building,of的宾语,故答案为[]D.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象5定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句,在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况,在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象现象例句
①--Is thatthe smalltown youoften referto---Right,just theone_________youknowIused towork foryears.A.that B.whichC.where D.what[解析]是不及物动词,先行词在定语从句work one在定语从句加中插入语,常见的有I thinkJ中只能作地点状语,在句中作插入语,所You know等辨另的方法是去suppose,1guess,1imagine U以答案选[]C O掉插入语后,原句句法结构仍然完整
②He madeanother wonderfuldiscovery,_______ofimportance toscience.A.which I think isB.which I think itisC.which Ithink itD.Ithinkis[解析]这里是插入语,引导非限制Ithinkwhich性定语从句,故选[]AThere aremany thousandsof starsin thesky thatare like.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星the sun乍看,引导的定语从句在名词的后面,似that sky乎应该是修饰的但仔细一想,”不对sky在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语啊,天空怎么能象太阳呢?“,原来引导的that定语从句被这个地点状语分隔开来,修inthesky饰中心词starsoDo youremember oneafternoon ten years agowhen Icame to your house and borrowed a diamond neck]ace你还记得吗,十年前的一天下午,我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链?when Icametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamond在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语实际上是修饰而不是修饰necklace afternoonyearso实际上是定语后置修饰tenyearsago afternoono先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来此时,先行词A newmaster willcome tomorrowwho willteach you通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较German.短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别6u U例句类另区另
①Mr Lihas threedaughters,none of___________is an定语从句与并列句的主要区别在engineer.于并列句有像等并列and,but,so定语从句与
②Mr Lihas threedaughters,but noneof__________isa连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时并列句dancer.就不能再用引导定语从句的关系从结构上看,
①小题是定语从句,故填;
②小题whom词了有并列连词是并列句,故填代词but,themo这是定语从句的前面有名词作先行词,This isthe placewhere weusedtolive afew yearsago.几年前我们居住的地方(定语从句,先行词为)而状语从句没有先行词the placeLetsgo wherewe canfind abetter job.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧(地点状语从句)你知道下课的Do youknow the time whenthe classis over定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词,定语从句与时间吗?(定语从句)只能放在先行词的后面,而状语从状语从句It wasalready fiveoclock whenthe classwas over.=When句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以当下课时己经the classwas over,it wasalready fiveoclock.放在主句的前面是点了(时间状语从句)5和在引导定语从When,where why句时可以用“介词+的结构which”()This isthe factoryin whichwhere hisfather onceworked.来替换,在引导状语从句时却不这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂(定语从句)Put行把书放回原处(状语从句)back thebook whereit was.它是我们大家都It issuch aninteresting bookas weall like.定语从句中的关系词在从句中充喜欢的如此有趣的书当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从(用作动词的宾语,它引导的是定语从句)as like句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中It issuch aninteresting bookthatweall likeit.的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都喜欢它去掉后从句的成分仍然完整(不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句)thatThe newsthat shehad passedthe exammade herparents very定语从句在复合句中相当于形容happy.词,对先行词起修饰、描述或限制她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴(同位语从句)此的作用,与先行词之间有从属关定语从句与句中的同位语从句系同位语的作用相当于名词,对The newsthat shehad passedthe exam同位语从句可以改写成表语从句前面的名词给予补充说明或进一The news is that he passedthe exam.步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,The newsthat hetold usinterested allof us.与先行词之间是同位关系他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣(定语从句)是定语从句,此句不能改写为The newsthat hetold usThenewsisthathetold us.
①It isonthemorning ofMay1st_________I metLiang强调句的结构为被强“It is/was+Wei atthe airport.调部分+从句”被强调部that+
②It isthe factory______Mr Wangworks.定语从句与分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,从结构上看强调句当被强调部分是人时,还可用who
①小题是强调句,故填thato代替这一句型中,一定不能that
②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知前the factory因为被强调部分是表时间或地点差个介词故填in,whereo的词就用或代替when wherethat此外还要注意下列两点▲定语从句与习惯句型用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确©It isthe firsttime shehas beenin Shanghai.
②It was the timeChinese peoplehad ahard life.解析这里
①小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为从句故
①填It is/wasthefirst/second...time+that that,其意为这是她第一次在上海
②小题是先行词,其后是表示时间的定语从句,故填thetimewheno▲定语从句与简单句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确
①The mothertold thelazy boyto work,didnt help.
②The mothertold thelazy boyto work.didn*t help.解析含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于前者有主句,有从句,必须有关系词;而后者则是两个单独的句子,不需要任何关联词
①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词,显然应是主从句关系,因此需用关系词前面整个句子作先行词;
②小题则填代替前面的整个句子解题时,注意which,13标点符号的运用。