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专业八级英语阅读训练题最新专业八级英语阅读训练题A manis notfinished whenhe isdefeated.He isfinished whenhequits.以下是我为大家搜寻整理的最新专业八级英语阅读训练习题,期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!The Relationshipbetween BrainProcess withMental ExperienceBy1950,the resultsof attemptsto relatebrain processestomentalexperience appearedrather discouraging.Suchvariations insize,shape,chemistry,conduction speed,exci tationthreshold,and thelike ashadbeen demonstratedin nervecellsremained negligibleinsignificance forany possiblecorrelationwith themanifold dimensionsof mental experience.Near theturn of the century,it hadbeen suggestedby Heringthatdifferent modesof sensation,such aspain,taste andcolor,might becorrelatedwith thedischarge ofspecific kindsof nervousenergy,However,subsequently developedmethods ofrecording andanalyzingnerve potentialsfailedto revealany suchqualitative diversity.Itwas possibleto demonstrateby othermethodsrefined structuraldifferencesamong neurontypes;however,proof waslacking thatthequality oftheimpulse orits conductionwas influencedby thesedifferences,which seemedinstead toinfluencethedevelopmental patterning of theneural circuits.Although qualitativevarianceamongnerve rigidlydisproved,the doctrinewas generallyabandonedin favorof theopposing view,namely,that nerve impulsesare essentiallyhomogeneous inquality and are transmittedas/zcommoncurrency throughoutthe nervoussystem.According tothis theory,itis notthe qualityof the sensory nerve impulsesthat determinesthediverse conscioussensations theyproduce,but,rather,the differentareasof thebrain intowhich theydischarge,and thereis someevidenceforthis view.In oneexperiment,when anelectric stimuluswasapplied toa givensensory fieldofthe cerebralcortex ofaconscious humansubject,it produceda sensationof theappropriatemodalityfor thatparticular locus,that is,a visualsensationfrom thevisual cortex,an auditorysensationfrom theauditorycortex,and soon.Other experimentsrevealed slightvariationsin thesize,number,arrangement,and interconnectionof thenervecells,but asfor aspsychoneuralcorrelations wereconcerned,the obvioussimilarities ofthese sensoryfields toeach otherseemedmuchmore remarkablethan anyoftheminute differences.However,cortical asdiverse asthose ofred,black,green andwhite,or touch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,posture andpressure apparentlymayarise throughactivation ofthe samecorticalareas.What seemedtoremain wassome kindof differentialpatterning effectsin thebrainexcitation:it isthe differencein thecentral distributionofimpulses thatcounts.In short,Braintheory suggesteda correlationbetweenmental experienceand theactivity ofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cell unitsconducting essentiallyhomogeneous impulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebral tissue.To matchthe multipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologists couldonly pointto alimitlessvariation inthe spatiotemporalpatterningof nerveimpulses.
1.Up until1950,efforts toestablish thatbrain processesandmental experienceare relatedwouldmost likelyhave beenmet with[A]vexation[B]irritability[C]discouragement[D]neutrality
2.The authormentions/zcommon currencyprimarily inorder toemphasizethe_A]lack ofdifferentiation amongnerveimpulsesin human beings.
[8]similarities inthe viewsofthescientists._C]similarity ofsensations ofhumanbeings._D]continuous passageof nerveimpulses throughthe nervoussystem.
3.Which ofthe followingtheories isreinforced by the depictionofthe experimentin lines1619[A]Cognitive experiencemanifested bysensorynerveimpulses areinfluencedbythearea ofthebrain stimulated.[B]Qualitative diversityin nervepotentials cannow bestudiedmore accurately._C]Sensory stimuliare heterogeneousandaregreatly influencedbythe nervesensors theyproduce._D]Differentiation inneural modalitiesinfluences thelength ofnervetransmissions.
4.It canbe inferredfrom thepassage thatwhich ofthe followingexhibitthe LEASTqualitativevariation_A]Nerve cells.[B]Nerve impulses._C]Cortical areas.[C]Spatial patternsofnerveimpulses.答案详解
1.c.令人绝望答案见文章的第一句话〃到了1950年,大脑活动过程和精神感受有关系的试验结果看起来令人懊丧’A.令人恼火B.激怒D.中立均不对
2.A.在人的神经脉冲中缺少变异(差别)Common currency本义是一般通用这里的上下问打算了它的含义〃无变异脉冲(一般脉冲)’其次段〃虽然神经能量中的质变理论从没有受到严峻的驳斥,但这一学说被普遍放弃,而赞成其对立的观点;那就是神经脉冲在质量沙锅内基本相像,并作为无变异脉冲(一般脉冲)经神经系统传送所以一般脉冲就是指神经脉冲无变异,在质量上基本相像B.科学家观点上的相像性C.人类感觉相像性D.神经脉冲连续不断通过神经系统这三项和common currency无关
3.A.受刺激的大脑部位影响感觉神经脉冲所显示的认知感受在其次道题译文下面〃依据这一理论,不是感觉神经脉冲的质量打算它们所产生的各种有意识的.感觉而是由脉冲在大脑中释放的不同部位打算,并且有证据证明这一论点’见难句译注3B.现在对神经潜力的质量变化可以进行更精彩的讨论C.感官刺激是异源的,并深受它们所产生的神经感觉(感受器)的影响D.神经形态上的差异影响神经传递长度
4.B.神经脉冲这在第2题答案A中译注(即其次段)已有明确的答复〃神经脉冲在质量上基本相像’A.神经细胞见难句译注2,〃有可能用其他方法来显示神经细胞类型之间微小的结构差异’C.外皮区域(部位)D.神经脉冲空间模式见难句译注5和本文最终一句〃为了和精神感受多样性吻合,心理学家只能指明神经脉冲时空模式上的无限差异’这说明,它不是Z/Leastqualitative variation.文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。