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Module2A JobWorth DoingGrammar【语法精讲•探究学习】复习动词的时态(II)【情境探究】感知以下课文原句,关注谓语动词的时态
1.I neededto coolsome bottlesof whitewine quickly,so Iput themin thefreezer.
2.Before hevolunteered todirect thetraffic,Timoteo hadhad lotsof jobs.
3.He had been aminer anda soldier.
4.Then oneday whilehe was working as a lorrydriver he had aclose encounterwith death.
5.He wasdriving alorry loadof bananaswhen hecame offthe roadat abend andfellthree hundredmetres downthe mountain.
6.This lastexperience hada profoundeffect onTimoteo.⑴一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作,或过去经常发生的、习惯性的动作,如例句L6o⑵过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,即过去的过去,如例句人3o
(3)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作,如例句
4、5【要义详析】
一、一般过去时的用法
1.一般过去时表示过去某一个时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,与yesterday,lastweek,in2017,a fewdays ago,the otherday,at onetime等表示过去的时间状语连用一般过去时还经常表示过去习惯性的动作*1saw himin thestreet yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了*(2020•新高考全国I卷)The80,000objects collectedby SirHans Sloane,for example,formed thecore collectionof theBritish Museumwhich openedin
1759.例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士收藏的8万件物品形成了1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心馆藏
2.描述几个相继发生的过去的动作*The studentsgot upearly inthe morning,did morningexercises andthen readEnglishaloud inthe classroom.学生们早上起床很早,做早操,然后在教室里大声朗读英语
3.在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来*They saidthey wouldall leaveif Jackstayed.他们说如果杰克留下,他们都将离开
4.since引导的时间状语从句中的谓语用一般过去时*He hasbeen talkingsince hecame in.自从他进来后,他一直在说话
5.wish,if only,it s(high)time等后面的从句中,常用一般过去时表示对现在的假设或虚拟would rather后面的从句中用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟*1wish shewere herewith menow whileshe would rather Ikept awayfrom her.I thinkits timewe parted.我希望她现在和我在一起,而她却希望我离开她我认为到我们分手的时候了
6.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别⑴概念不同一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去,与现在无关,属于“过去”的时态范畴;现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但强调的是对现在造成的影响和结果,属于“现在时”范畴*一Have you had yourlunch一Yes,I have.一Where didyou haveit一I hadit at the schoolcafeteria.——你吃过午饭了吗?(强调吃过还是没吃过午饭)——吃过了——你在哪里吃的?(回忆吃饭的地点)——在学校餐厅吃的(回忆当时的情景)
(2)时间状语不同一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,two daysago,lastyear等现在完成时往往不与表示过去的时间状语连用,而是多与before,already,ever,never,ever since,since,for+时间段等连用*一Have youseen mydictionary一Yes,I sawit onyour bedyesterday.——你见过我的词典吗?——是的,我昨天看见它在你的床上*—Have youheard aboutthe recentelection一Sure,it hasbeen theonly thingon thenews forthe lastthree days.——你听说最近的选举了吗?——当然,这是最近三天新闻上唯一的事情【即学活用】用所给动词的适当形式填空lThe e-mail she had lookedforward toarrived arriveyesterday atlast andshe wasveryhappy.2Why havethey sentme thisbill Ipaid payit severalweeks ago.3I oftenstudied studylate into the nightwhen I was inSenior Three.4一Hi,Nancy,I didn t knowyouhadcome back,so haveyou graduatedfrom college一Yes,I studiedstudy Frenchfor fouryears inNanjing.5Danny hasworked workhard forlong torealise hisdream andnow heis popular.62018•1匕京高考——Hi,I mPeter.Are younew hereI havent seenyou around.一Hello,Peter.I mBob.I juststartedstart onMonday.
二、过去进行时的用法
1.过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作*At thattime she wasworkingin asmall factory.那时她正在一家小工厂工作
2.go,come,start,stay,leave等动词的过去进行时可以表示过去将要发生的动作*Carlos saidthat hewas stayingat homethe nextweek.卡洛斯说他下周在家待着
3.与表示频率的副词连用表示说话人表扬、不满、厌恶等感情色彩*He wasalways helpingothers.他总是帮助别人表扬*The boywas constantlyspeaking inclass.这个男孩总在课堂上讲话不满【即学活用】⑴用所给动词的适当形式填空
①一What wereyou doingat8o clocklast night一I waswatching watchtelevision.
②At6o clockon Saturdaymorning we were travellingtravel to the airport.3—Did anysigns comeup beforethe earthquake一Yes.Unusual thingswere happeninghappen allthose days.For example,a numberofanimals gotout oftheir homes.42018•北京高考Susan hadquit herwell-paid joband wasworking workasavolunteerin theneighborhood when I visitedher lastyear.2I didnt likethem becausethey werealways complaining.我不喜欢他们,因为他们总是抱怨
三、过去完成时的用法
1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即表示“过去的过去”这个过去的时刻常用by,before等介词短语或时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可以通过上下文来表示had learnedEnglish fora fewyears before he wentto theUnited States.在去美国之前,他已学习了几年英语
2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用*1had beenatthe bus stopfor20minutes whena busfinally came.当公交车终于到了的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟*He saidhehad worked inthat factorysince
1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作
4.有些动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本打算做而未做某事”*We hadhoped tofinish thework on time butwe failed.我们本来希望按时完成这项工作的,但我们没有做到
5.在“That/It wasthe first/second...time+从句”中,从句中的谓语用过去完成时*That wasthe firsttime I had madesuch amistake.那是我第一次犯这样的错误
6.wish,if only,as if,wouldrather等后面的从句中,常用过去完成时表示对过去的假设或虚拟*1wish I hadbeenpraised bythe teacheryesterday.我希望我昨天被老师表扬了
7.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别过去完成时表示到过去某个确定的时间点已完成某事,而一般过去时则表示动作在过去某个确定的时间发生*They hadfinished their homework byfive o clock.他们在5点前已完成了他们的作业作业5点前已完成*They finishedtheirhomeworkat fiveoclock.他们在5点钟完成的作业作业是5点时完成的【即学活用】⑴用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Mr Smithcouldn topen the door becausehis naughtyboy hadlocked lockit fromtheinside.
②It wasthe firsttime shehad sungsing inpublic.
③2020•浙江高考By about6000BC,people haddiscovered discoverthe bestcrops togrowand animalsto raise.2Hardly hadhe arrivedwhen shestarted complaining.他刚来到她就开始抱怨3Ihadhoped tobe backlast night,but Ididntcatch thetrain.我本希望昨晚回来的,但没赶上火车【课时检测•素养达标】I.单句语法填空
1.To beontimefor school,I gotget upat6:00every morningwhenIwas athighschool.
2.After hegot offthebus,he realizedthat hehad leftleavehis bagon it.
3.I cameback fromHong Konglast Mondaymorning.I stayedstay therefor justtheweekend.
4.I wouldrather youtold tellmethe truthnow.
5.We hadplanned planto goto Guilinfor holiday,but finallywe wentto Qingdao.
6.I amfamiliar withthe town,because Istayed staytherefor five years whenI wasyoung.
7.He toldme thathehadknown knowher sinceshe was bea child.
8.It wasraining rainhard whenI leftmy office.
9.She wasplaying playthepiano whileIwasreading readthenewspaper.
10.Mr Wanghadworkedwork inTibet forfiveyearsbeforehecame comehere lastyear.II.完成句子
1.This wasthe firsttime thatthey hadmet iathirty-nine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面
2.He wasreading anewspaper atthat moment.那时他正在看报
3.We hadhoped tohelp butweweretoo busythen.我们原本希望去帮忙,但那时太忙了
4.We didnt gotothezoo yesterday.We wenttothepark.我们昨天没去动物园,我们去了公园
5.Was hedoing hishomework thistime yesterday他昨天这个时候正在做作业吗?
6.Years agoyou offeredme sovouseful adviceabout learning.多年前你给我提供了一些关于学习的有用建议
7.She wasalways helpingothers whenshe livedhere.她住在这里时,总是乐于帮助别人
8.She toldme thatshewasleaving forItaly thenext day.她告诉我她第二天要出发去意大利
9.Ihadplanned togo ona tripto Beijingbut Icouldn tafford thetime.我本打算去北京旅行,但是没有时间【语法主题应用】用所给动词的适当形式完成小片段Mike
1.likes likewatching football matches.There
2.wasbea livefootballmatch yesterday.After work,he
3.hurried hurryto gethome,
4.opened openthedoor,
5.turned turnon theTV and
6.enjoyed enjoywatching thefootballmatch.。