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初中英语语法知识点语法知识点-形容词和副词形容词A.形容词的用法L形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语如He ishonest andhardworking.I foundthe bookinteresting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式如The richand thepoor livein differentparts of the city.The Englishlike to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态描述性+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料指某天用如指某天的朝夕用如on,on Monday,on theend ofNovember,on,on等Friday morning,on theafternoon ofSeptember1st指长于或短于一天的时段用如in,in theafternoon,in February,in Summer,in1999等表传/2between,among仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between如between,Im sittingbetween Tomand Alice.The villagelies betweenthree hills.用于三者或三者以上之间如amongHe is the bestamong the students.3beside,besides,意为在...旁边而意为除...之夕卜如beside besidesHesat besideme.What do you want besides this4in the tree,on the tree指动物或人在树上,而指果实、树叶长在树上in the tree on the tree5on the way,in theway,by theway,in this way指在路上指挡道on theway in theway指顺便问一句用这样的方法by theway in thisway6in the corner,at thecorner指在拐角内指在拐角外in thecorner at thecorner7in themorning,on themorning是一般说法特指某一天的早晨in themorning0nthemorning8by bus,on thebus是一般说法特指乘某一辆车by buson thebus.例题n例1Do youknow anyother foreignlanguage EnglishAexcept Bbut Cbeside Dbesides解析、两项等于,意为邛余了…,意为在…旁边]不符合A Bexcept butC-beside题意而意为除了…之外,还有所以该题正确答案为该题意为除了英语D-besides,Do外,你还知道别的语言吗?例2He suddenlyreturned a rainy night.A onB atC inD during解析我们均知道,这T豆语,但如果前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则at nightnight要用介词来修饰,故该题正确答案为on A例3Im lookingforward yourletter.A toB inC atD on解析该题正确答案为为固定搭配,意为期望、盼望A look forward too三连词要点I.连词的种类L并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如1and,for,or,both…and,从属连词用来引导从句,如either...or,neither...nor2that,if,whether,when,after,等as soon as除了从属连词引导状语从句外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类它们是连接代词和连接副词引导名词性从句,关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句
0、常用连词举例2和,并且landThey drankand sangall night.和,既…也…2both...andBoth my parents andI went there.但是,而3butIm sad,but heis happy.或…或…,要么…要么…4either...orEither yourewrong,or I am.因为5forI askedhim tostay,for I had somethingto tellhim.然而,可是6howeverAf first,he didntwant to go there.Later,however,he decidedto go.既不…也不7neither...norNeither myparents normy auntagrees withyou.不但…而且…8not only...butalsoHe not only singswell,but alsodances well.或者,否则9orHurry up,or youllbe late.Are youa workeror adoctor因此,所以10soIts gettinglate,so Imust go.Although itwas late,they wenton working.12as soon as—・・•就III tellhim assoonas I seehim.因为13becauseHe didntgo to school,because hewas ill.除非,如果不14unlessI wontgo unlessit isfine tomorrow.直到…15until瞬间动词用于结构He didntleave untileleven.not...untilHe stayed there untileleven.当…时候,而表示对比16while后不可用瞬间动词While Istayedthere,I meta friendof mine.whileMy penis redwhile hisis blue.结论是推断出来的He wasill,for hedidnt come.自从…18sinceI havelived heresince myuncle left.一…就19hardly...whenI hadhardly gotto thestation whenthe trainleft.20as far as就・・・来说As faras I know,that countryis verysmall.一直走到湖那里You maywalk asfarasthe lake.例题n.例1John playsfootball,if not better than,David.A as well Bas well as Cso wellD so wellas解析该题意为踢足球如果不比好的话那也踢得和一样好和…一John DavidDavid样好为故该题正确答案为as wellas.Bo彳列2She thoughtI wastalking abouther daughter,,in fact,I wastalking aboutmydaughter.A whenB whereC whichD while解析该处意为然而,只有有此意思,故选while D例3Would youlike acup ofcoffee shallwe getdown tobusiness rightawayA.and B.then C.or D.otherwise解析该处意为或者,正确答案为ce英语语法知识难点
(二)
(四)动词时态、语态要点I•、一般现在时1()表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与1sometimes,always,often,every等时间状语连用如daySometimes wego swimmingafter school./表示客观真理、科学事实等如2The earthgoes roundthe sun.、现在进行时2表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与等时间状语连用如1now,at presentWhatare you doing now和等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感如2always,continuallyHe is always doinggood deeds.、现在完成时3主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与等词连用如just,already,so far,once,neverHave youever been to Beijing、一般将来时4表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与等连用tomorrow,next year如Ill meetyou atthe schoolgate tomorrowmorning.Were goingto seea filmnext Monday.、一般过去时5表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,等词连用如in1998,a momentagoIt happenedmany years ago.、过去进行时6表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作如What wereyoudoingthis timeyesterday、过去完成时7表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作如:The trainhad alreadyleft beforewe arrived.、一般过去将来时8表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作如+名词如the secondfive interestingbig newred Chinesewall papers.、形容词比较等级的形式2规则形式1一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音er;-est节词及多音节词在前加.如more,mostg reat-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-themost important不规则形式2good well-better-bestbad ill-worse-worstmany much-more-mostlittle-less-leastHe saidhe wouldcome,but hedidnt.、被动语态9被动语态的时态,以为例give.例题n例1I learnedthat herfather in
1950.A haddied Bdied Cdead Dis dead解析该题正确答案为从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,B但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态in1950,例2The five-year-old girlby herparents.A islooked Bhas lookedforC isbeing lookedfor Dhas beenlooked解析该题正确答案为在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否c则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中
(五)动词虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等一般常用于正式的书面语中、虚拟语气的构成1情景条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反动词过去式(要用)be wereshould+动词原形would与过去事实相反+过去分词hadshould过去分词+have+would与将来事实相反、动词过去时
1、+动词原形2should、+动词原形3were toshould+动词原形would注如果条件从句谓语动词包含有或有时可将省去,但要were had,should,could if倒装如Had youIf youhad invitedus,we wouldhave cometo yourparty.、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用2在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是可省+1“should动词原形,常用于以下三种句型中句型一It isnecessary important,natural,strange,etc that...句型二:It is a pitya shame,no wonder,etc that...句型三:It issuggested requested,proposed,desired,etc that...如It isstrange that he shouldhave donethatIt isa pitythat heshould be so careless.It isrequested that we shouldbesocareless.在宾语从句中用于2suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议其谓语形式是order,command should+动词原形如I suggestthatwe should goswimming.在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常3是等从句谓语形式是动词原suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea should+形”如His suggestionis thatwe shouldleave at once.在同位语从句中,谓语形式是”动词原形“如4should+We receivedorder thatthe workbe doneat once.在句型中,其谓语动词形式是动词的过去式或5It istime that…+动词原形,不可省如:should shouldItstime thatwe wentshould go toschool..例题n例1We hadhoped thathe longer.A staysB havestayed Cstayed Dwould stay解析该题正确答案为表示本希望,同样用法的动词还有D hadhoped think,expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气例2Mary wants to see you today.nI wouldrather shetomorrow thantoday.A comesB cameC shouldcome Dwill come解析该题正确答案为后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词过去时表B wouldratherZJ\o例3Had shebeen older,she itbetter.A haddone Bmight havedoneC mightdo Dwould do解析:故该题正确答案为Had shebeen older=If she had beenold.Bo六短语动词要点I.英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种动词+介词1常见的有lookfor,look after,send for,care about,ask for,laugh at,hear of等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后如from,add to,lead toDontlaugh atothers.I didntcare aboutit.动词+副词2常见的有等这类短语动give up,pick up,think over,find out,hand in,point out词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边如Youll handin yourhomework tomorrow.Please dontforget tohand itin.动词+副词+介词3常见的有look downupon,go on with,break awayfrom,add up to,catch up等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如withAll hismoney addeduptono morethan$
100.After ashort rest,he wentonwith his researchwork.动词+名词+介词4常见的有等这类短语动take careof,make use of,pay attentionto,make funof词的宾语只能放在介词后边如You shouldpay attentionto yourhandwriting.We shouldmake fulluseof our time.()动词+形容词5常见的有等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,贝慎语leave open,set free,cut open可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边如The prisonerswere setfree.He cutit open.()动词+名词6常见的有等这类短语动词用作不及物动词如take place,make friendsThisstory tookplace threeyearsago.I makefriends with a lotof people.()辨析7(让给,暴露)和(放弃,停止)give away giveup(放起,收起)和(扑灭)put awayput out(出席,放大)和(打开)turn upturn on(阻止)和(不让靠近)keep outkeep off(编造,补上)和(到辛认)make upmake out(脱,起飞)和(拿出)take offtake out例题n.例1It iswise to have somemoney forold age.A putaway Bkept upC givenaway Dlaid up解析该题正确答案为意为存;意为继续;意为分发;A keepup giveaway lay贮藏二up例2Heres mycard.Lets keep in.A touchB relationC connectionD friendship解析该题正确答案为为短语动词,意为“保持联系A.keepintouch例3!Theres atrain coming.A Lookout BLook aroundC Lookforward DLook on解析该题选意为“小心”A.look out七动词不定式要点I•、不定式的形式以动词为例1write、不定式的句法功能2作主语1To hearfrom youis nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词it后如Its niceto hearfrom you.Its not easy to be agoodteacher.作宾语2通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,形容词比较等级的用法3
①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级如+than.He iscleverer thanthe otherboys.This oneis morebeautiful thanthat one.
②表示两者以上的比较,用+形容词最高级+名词如the+ofin…He isthe cleverestboy inhis class.
③表示两者是同等程度,用+形容词原级如as+as”.He isas tallasI.I have as manybooks asyou.
④越…越…例如:The moreI learn,the happierIam.
⑤越小心越好You cannever betoo careful.又如:You cannever praisethe teacher too highly.等词后如:pretend,refuse,manage,helpI forgotto lockthe door.Please remember to writeto me.作表语3My jobis topick upletters.He seemedto haveheard nothing.作定语4不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后如I havetwo lettersto write.I havea lotof workto do.作宾补5通常用于等词want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,force后如He orderedhertoleave atonce.He wasforced toobey hisorder.作状语6He gotup earlyto catchthe firstbus.He workedhard tocatch upwith theother students.作独立成分7To tellyou thetruth,I tolda lie.疑问词+不定式结构如8I dontknow howto choosethem.I cannotdecide whereto go.不定式的否定式如9I decidednot to go.不定式的完成式如10He seemedto havecleaned the room beforeI camein.The boyis saidto have been sent to thehospital last week.结构如11too...toHe wastoo excitedtogo to sleep.他太高兴了,乐意去He wasonly tooglad togo.主动表被动如12The bookis easyto read.I havea bookto read..例题n彳列1I haventgot achair.A tosit Bfor tosit onC tosit onD forsitting解析该题选不定式在句中作定语,修饰名词因为不定式和它所修c tosit onchair.o饰的名词间是“动宾关系,所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处不能省略on例2He wasmade.A goB goneC goingD togo解析该题选如果是被动形式,不定式前的不能省略D makesb.do sth.do too例3A newfactory isvery soon.A to be builtB builtC to buildD tobuilding解析该题选意为将要被建A istobebuilto动名词A要点I.动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能、动名词的形式,以为例1write否定式+动名词not、动名词的用法2作主语1Playing footballis myfavorite sport.Travelling with friends at weekend isfun.作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时,可用作形式主语如itIt isfun travellingwithfriends atweekend.作宾语2I enjoyplaying PCgame.He gaveup writingfive yearsago.作表语3What hehated mostwas doingnothing.Seeing isbelieving.动名词作表语时,句子的主语常是无生命名词或引导的名词性从句what作定语4Theres adining roomin myschool.All thepeople watchinglaughed.动名词的复合结构”物主代词或名词的所有格+动名词”如5Toms goinghome latemade hermother angry.Would youmind myopening the window不过,动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时,必须用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格I
①无生命名词The girlswere afraid of thedoor suddenlyclosing.Fire burnsbetter byoxygen beingat work.
②有生命名词,但表泛指Have youever heardof girlssmoking
③两个以上的有生命的名词并列Do youstill remembermyparentsand mecoming toseeyouthat day后面常接动名词的动词和短语
3.mind,enjoy,finish,consider,practise,magine,keep,suggest,advise,allow,permit,be worthdoing,be usedto doing,be busydoing,cant helpdoing,it is no gooddoing,it isno usedoing,look forwardto doing,stick to doing,pay attentionto doing,devote to doing,lead to doing.例题n例1She saysshe doesntfeel likeout withyou.A goingB togo Cfor goingD went解析该题正确答案为此处为介词,后面要接名词或动名词A feel like=want,likeo作宾语例2The gardenneeds.A waterB wateringCtowater Dwatered解析该题正确答案为如果物作主语,此三者后要接动名B need=want=require.o词或这一结构作宾语tobedone例3Excuse meyou.A interruptingB tointerruptC interruptedD tohave interrupted解析该题正确答案为后接动名词作宾语,此句中的为动名词的逻辑A excusemeo主语(常用于口语中X
(九)分词要点I.分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容和副词的句法功能它分为现在分词和过去分词两类现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式,过去分词则只有一般式现在分词表动作正在进行,表主动过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成,表被动过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成,表主动过去分词的句法功能、作定语1I liketo readthe novelwritten byLu Xun.The womansitting besidethe brokenwindow was a friendof mine.When Icame into the room,I foundthewindowwas broken.Pm interestedinthisbook.、作宾语补足语3Im goingtohavemy bikerepaired.When I walked home,I sawthe thiefcaught bythe police.、作状语4Seen from the top of the mountain,the citylooks small.The teachercame into the classroom,followed byhis students.现在分词的句法功能、作状语1Seeing fromthe topofthemountain,I foundthe citywas beautiful.Walking alongthe street,they suddenlysaw him.、作宾语2I hatebeing spokenill of.He consideredvisiting Japanduring thewinter vocation.、作表语3Seeing isbelieving.The bookis interesting.、作宾语补足语4I noticedhim crossingthe street.Mother caughthim smokingin thekitchen.、作定语5Do youknow the man writinga letterTheworker runninga machineis mybrother.分词使用中的几个问题你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分
⑥I havenever spenta moreworrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天I havenever had a betterdinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭
⑦My Englishisnobetter thanyours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样.副词B、副词的种类1时间副词如:等1ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow地点副词如:2here,there,near,around in,out,up,down,back,away,outside/等方式副词如3carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,等nervously现在分词的完成式LHaving cleanedthe room,I wentout.、现在分词的否定式2Not havingreceived anyletter,he felta littleworried.、现在分词与过去分词的不同3现在分词表示主动、正在,过去分词表示被动、完成I foundthe manIdlled there.I foundthe manstanding there.、结构4haveWe havethe carrepaired.We haverepaired the car.We haveTom repairthe car.We haveTom repairingthecarthe wholemorning.、分词作表语5We wereexcited atthe news.The footballgame isexciting.、独立主格结构6It beinga fineday,we wentout tovisit the park..例题n例、1Time,Ill go onapicnic withyou.A.permit B.to permitC.permitted D.permitting解析该题答案为…是独立主格结构意为如果时间允许的话…彳D Timepermittingo列、2if hehad anybad habit,she repliedthathewasaheavy smoker.A.Ask B.To askC.Asked D.Asking解析该题答案为主语是被问C sheo初中英语语法重难点集汇(-)主谓一致
(二)主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系一个句子中主谓一致,通常指三个基本原则语法一致,即形式上一致;概念一致,即概念或意念上的一致;毗邻一致,即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致(=)
一、语法一致原则
(四)、在通常情况下,一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致即主语为单1数形式,谓语也为单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语也为复数形式如
(五)这个英语短语练习不容易This exerciseon Englishidioms isnoteasy.
(六)、在结构中,的单复数取决与后面主语的数.如2there bebe
(七)这个城市没有多少变化There has been littlechange inthis city.
(八)、结构,位于用单数,结构位于用复数3one twof
(九)我想做的一件事是去旅行One ofthe thingsI wantto dois traveling.
(十)有两个男孩回家迷路了Two ofthe boyshave losttheir wayhome.)(
十一、倒装句的主语在谓语之后,避免误用3
(十二)她以前从未去过巴黎Never beforehas shebeen toParis!
(十三)
二、概念一致
(十四)、主语是抽象概念、短语或从句,谓语用单数形式1如
(十五)说谎是不正确的(不定式做主语)To telllies iswrong.)(十六管理家务是一件很劳累的事(动名词做Keeping thehouse isa tiringjob.主语)
(十七)(从句做主语)How thishappened isnot clearto anyone.
(十八)注意
(十九)()用或引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的1what which表语,因为它们在逻辑上的意义是相同的如
(二十)你的座位是哪一个Which isyour seat
(二)你们的座位是哪些H—Which areyour seats
(二十二)()单个的分词作主语,不定式作主语,以及主语从句,谓语都用单数,2若用连接上述的相同两个成分,谓语才用复数
(二十三)、两个或两个以上的主语用和连接时,谓语用复数形式2and both
(二十四)、连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西,后的名词前没有3and and冠词,谓语用单数;若有,则用复数如
(二十五).我的密友兼My bestfriend andadviser haschanged hismind again顾问又改变他的想法了
(二十六).我的朋友和那位My friendand thestudent Sueare in the classroom叫苏的同学在教室里
(二十七)若后面加谓语用单数如a.and not,
(二十八).是赢了比赛,而不是我Lilei,and notI,has won the gameLilei
(二十九)用连接的单数主语前面有等词修饰时,谓b.and each,every,many a,no语用单数
(三十)复数主语前加谓语仍用复数c.each,
(三十一)后面名词为单数,谓语用单数;后为复数,谓语用复数d.no
(三十二)
三、毗邻一致
(三十三)由连接的并列主语,在notonly...but alsoneither...nor...either...or...orz z z肯定句中谓语变化取决于后面的饿主语,在疑问句中取决于前面的主语如;
(三十四)他和我都没错Either heor Iam mistaken)(三十五不是他就是你要到那儿去Either heor youare togo there.
(三十六)(详见高一下册)P155-P156
(三十七)
(二)虚拟语气
(三十八)虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不是事实虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的,因此,掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化,是掌握虚拟语气的关键
(三十九)
一、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
(四十)虚拟语气用于简单句中,一般表示祝愿、命令等谓语动词要用原形
(四十一)
二、虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法
(四十二)()在状语从句中的用法1
(四十三)、条件句中的用法1
(四十四)虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑,和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等,只表示不同的虚拟语气,和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系
(四十五)现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下;
(四十六)表示与现在事实相反的情况a.
(四十七)
①形式
(四十八)条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式
(四十九)()行为动词的过去式(的过去式一般用If I we,you,he,she,it,they+be)()were I we should
(五十)(动词原形或You he,she,+
(五))—they,it would
(五十二)所有人称()动词原形+might could+
(五十三)
②用法
(五十四)(If I had moretime,I shouldstudy German.fact:I haveno moretime,)so Ishall notstudy German.
(五十五)If she were notso busy,she wouldattend themeeting thisafternoon.()fact:she isvery busy,so shewill notattend themeeting thisafternoon.
(五十六)1If theydidn ttake physical exercises every day,they wouldntbeso()healthy.fact:they takephysicalexercisesevery day,so theyare veryhealthy.
(五十七)表示与过去誓死相反的情况b.
(五十八)
①形式;
(五十九)条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式
(六十)()()If I we youhe sheit they+had+ii^5^i^Iweshould/////(六■一)(过去分词或H Youhe,she,+have+
(六十二))they,it would
(六十三)所有人称()过去分词+could might+have+
(六十四)
②用法
(六十五)I wouldhave checkedmy paper again ifIhadhad moretime at(1yesterday sexamination.fact:Ihadno moretime atyesterday sexam,so Ididn t)check mypaperagain
(六十六)You wouldhave alreadyrecovered fromhis illnessif hehad seenthe(7doctor in good time.fact:He didnt seethe doctoringoodtime,so hehasn t)recovered fromhis illness
(六十七)表示与将来事实相反的情况c.
(六十八)
①形式:
(六十九)条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式
(七十)()行为动词的过去式(的过去式一般用a.If Iwe,you,he,she,it,they+be)通常要与一个表将来的时间的状语连用were
(七)()H—b.If we,you,he,she,it,they+should
(七十二)+动词原形
(七十三)()动词原形()c.If Iwe,you,he,she,it,they+were to+Iweshould
(七十四)+动词原形或You would
(七十五)()he she,it would
(七十六)they would
(七十七)()()动词原形Iwe,you,he,she,it,they+could might+
(七十八)
②用法
(七十九)(If itrains tomorrow,our picnicwill beput off.The weatherhasbeen)changeable these days.
(十)(11If itrained tomorrow,our picnicwould beput off.The weatherhas)beenvery goodthesedays.()(AH—If itshould rain tomorrow,our picnicwould beput off.That would)be outof ourexpectation.
(八十二).(条件从句谓If itwere toraintomorrow,our picnicwould beput off语动词用+动词原形表示下雨的可能性极小和都表were toWere torain shouldrain示出乎意料之外,但加强表示当初没想到以后的事)were to
(八十三)混合时间条件句的用法c,
(八十四)有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致这时动词的形式,应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式
(八十五)),7(从1If shehadn ttrained sohard,she wouldntberun sofast.句叙述过去,主句叙述现在)
(八十六)()fact:she hastrained veryhard soshe wouldable torun fast./
(八十七))2You wouldspeak Englishwell enoughif youhad practised(主句叙述现在,从句叙述过去)reading andspeaking itevery day.(十/)(()111fact:You didnt practicehasn tpracticed readingand)speaking itevery day,so youcan tspeak Englishwell enough.副词如:4almost,nearly,much,greatly,a bit,a little,hardly,so,veryo、副词比较等级的用法2其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词如Of allthe boyshe singsthe mostbeautifully.We mustwork harder.、某些副词在用法上的区别31already,yet,still表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定already yet句和疑问句;表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句如stillWeve alreadywatched thatfilm.I haventfinished myhomework yet.He stillworks untillate everynight.2too,as well,also,either
(八十九)、在其他状语从句中的用法2
(九十)主要用于由()引导的比较状语从句,从句中谓语动词一般用as ifas though动词的过去式(变)或+过去分词be werehad
(九十一)如
(九十二).(实际上她没有病,在这里用虚拟语气补语比She lookedas ifshewereill喻她精神不佳)
(九十三)(这里Xiao Liuspeaks Englishsowellas ifhehadstudied inEngland.用虚拟语气表现他的英语说得好)
(九十四)(在主语从句中的用法2X
(九十五)通常由形式主语引出的主语从句来表达主语从句中,谓语动词用it动词原形;表示必要重要奇怪等意思should+
(九十六)下到王后It isnecessary thatyou shouldclean theworkshop terwork.你必须清扫车间
(九十七)It isimportant thatweshouldask adviceof otherpeople aboutour.在工作中,征求别人的意见是很重要的work年中考英语语法专题介词一.介词2010at/in/on..表示时间:1表示某一具体时间点,某一时刻/年龄
1.at sixo clockat noonat thattimeat themoment atthe ageof atnight表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期某人2in几十岁时in themorning/afternoon/eveningin spring/in2007/in Marchin the twenty-first centuryinhis fifties表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间3on段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.On Mondayon NewYear sDayon Sundaymorning onarainynighton theevening ofApril1st,2007表地点2一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置latat thestation atthe cinema表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.2inin Chinain theclassroom指在某物体的表面上.3onon thedesk注意写街道时,若有门牌号用,否则用都可.aton/inHe livesat270DongChang anStreet.二.介词表方位in/on/to表示地在地范围之内.包含关系Un A BTan wan isthesoutheast of China.表示地接壤.(外切关系)
2.on A,BHubei isthe northof Hunan.表示两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)
1.between用于三者或三者以上人或物之间.在……之中.
2.among:You sithim andme.The songis popularthestudents.四在……之后after/in
1.after时间段.表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后,用于过去时.Dafter+作介词.2after afterdoing sth+一段时间.表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时.
2.inHe cameback two days.He willgo homefinishing hishomework.He willcome backtwodays.五表示用…….with/in/by表示用…一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官.l.withHe cutthe appleinto halvesa knife.注:表伴随,”带有,含有withHe camein a big smileon hisface.表示用某种语言,方式,途径.或书写/绘画所用的材料.也可表交通方式.
2.inCan yousay itEnglish Hewrote a letter blueink.表示乘坐交通工具,表示方式,方法
3.byI studyfor atest workingwith agroup.He makesa livingselling newspapers.注意同义词组
1.by phone=on thephone
2.by car=in acar
3.in pen=withapen=with pens经过zx.across/through/over/by指横穿,穿过.表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.
1.across指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
2.through表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.
3.over表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
2.in frontofThere isa deskin frontofour classroom.There isa bigtree in frontofour classroom.八.其它介词的用法的其它用法.l.at.表示从事或正在做某事,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.1She isat worknow=She isworking now.表示〃价格或速度〃2atThe trainran at120kilometres anhour.的其它用法
2.in表示在……方面lin词组:do wellin=be good atbe weakin表示穿着后接表颜色的词或衣服.2in词组:+衣月艮=衣月艮be inbe wearing+作副词,在家3in=at home的用法
3.like像/和.一样常与系动词连用.
1.词组:look likesound like,与连用,〃是什么样子,怎样〃.2whatWhat ishe likeHe iskind.的用法:
4.off.从……下来,脱离某物体.1词组:fall off休假通常放在时间名词之后.
2.词组:+时间+have offzHe hasn thadanight offfor twohours.5except/besides
2.besdies除了……之外,还有....包括在范围之内.We allwent swimmingLucy.There isaletterin thebox.We studyJapanese andFrench English.
6.with/without
1.with具有,含有----反义词:without没有词组:withthehelp of=with one s help=because of=thanks towithoutoneshelp的用法:
2.without没有某人或某物A.without+sb./sth.B.without+doing sth.He lefthere withoutsay“Goodbye tous常与引导的否定的条件句.C.without sthif7If thereisnowater,we cant live.=We cant live.
7.on the tree/in thetree表示树上本身长的东西在树上.而表示外界的物体进入树中on thetree in thetree人或物在树上.There are some applesthetree.和用于肯定句和疑问句,和多用于口语,一般放在句末,too,as wellalso taswell而多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往also either放在句末如He wentthere too.He didntgo thereeither.I likeyou aswell.I alsowentthere.3hard hardly/意为几乎与在词义上完全不同如hardly hardIwork hardevery day.I canhardly rememberthat.4late,lately意为“最近、近来“,意为免、迟”如lately lateHenever comeslate.There isa boythetree.5ince/for注:用于现在完成时.since/for
1.since:时间点a.since+现在完成时++一般过去时b.since+一段时间+c.since ago.+一段时间=+一段时间+2for:for sinceago+介词的区别
9.be made由…制成看得见原材料be madeof由…制成看不见原材料be madefrom+地点由哪儿生产be madein由某人制造be madeby sb..表示〃数量的介词〃10about,round aroundover
2.over morethan.
11.inside/outside Inside在.......里面---------反义词outside在…•外面
12.in the wall/onthewall表示门窗在墙上表示某东西张贴或挂在墙上in thewall onthewall九.不用介词的情况当时间状为:等时,不用介词.
1.tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrowWhat areyou goingto dotonight.含有等时间状语.2this,that,these,those,last,next,every,eachHe wentto Wuhanlastweek.以开头的时间状语前面不用介词.
3.allHe hasworked allday..以等构成的时间状语前不用介词.初二英语语法总结4some,any,one的用法1leave地点”表示离开某地例如
1.Ieave+When didyou leaveShanghai你什么时候离开上海的?地点表示动身去某地例如
2.leave for+Next Friday,Alice isleaving forLondon.下周五,爰丽斯要去伦敦了地点地点表示离开某地去某地例如
3.Ieave++for+Why areyou leavingShanghai for Beijing你为什么要离开上海去北京?)情态动词〃应该〃学会使用2should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有〃竟会〃的意思,例如should我怎么知道?How shouldIknow你今天为什么来得这么晚?Why shouldyou beso latetoday有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如should.我们应当互相帮助We shouldhelp eachother我们在使用时要注意以下几点用于表示应该或不应该”的概念此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈例如
1.你应该把手洗干净了再来You shouldbe herewith cleanhands.用于提出意见劝导别人例如
2.如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生You shouldgo to the doctorif youfeel ill..用于表示可能性的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一例如3should我们在晚饭前就能到了We shouldarrive bysupper time.她随时都可能来She shouldbe hereany moment.??与3What…Which…与都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是仅用来询问职业如
1.what whichwhat你父亲是干什么的?What isyour father该句相当于What doesyour fatherdoWhat isyour fathersjob指代的是特定范围内的某一个人如Which哪个是皮特?---Which isPeter玛丽背后的那个男孩—The boybehind Mary.是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而是特指,所指的事物有范
2.What...Which...围的限制如(所有颜色)What colordo youlike best你最喜爱什么颜色(有特定的范围)Which colordoyoulike best,blue,green oryellow你最喜爱哪一种颜色?与后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词如
3.what whichWhichpictures arefrom China哪些图片来自中国?)频度副词的位置
4.常见的频度副词有以下这些1(总是,一直)always(通常)usually(常常,经常)often(有时候)sometimes(从不)never.频度副词的位置:2放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面如a.David isoften arriveslate forschool.大卫上学经常迟到.放在行为动词前如bWe usually go toschool at7:10every day.我们每天经常在去上学7:10有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调如c.Sometimes Iwalk home,sometime Irides abike.有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装如
3.neverNever haveI been there.与5every dayeveryday作状语,译为〃每一天〃如
1.every dayWegotoschool at7:10everyday.我们每天去上学7:10I decideto readEnglish everyday.我决定每天读英语作定语,译为“日常的
2.everydayShe watcheseveryday Englishon TVafter dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语Whats youreveryday activity你的日常活动是什么?什么是助动词
6.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词被协助的动词称作1Auxiliary Verbo主要动词Main Verb0助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如.他不喜欢英语He doesnt like English(是助动词,无词义;是主要动词,有词义)doesntlike.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来2表示时态,例如a..他在唱歌He issinging.他已结婚He hasgot married表示语态,例如b..他被派往英国He wassenttoEngland构成疑问句,例如C.?你喜欢大学生活吗Do youlike collegelife你来这儿之前学过英语吗?Did youstudy Englishbefore youcame here与否定副词合用,构成否定句,例如d.not次我不喜欢他I dontI ehim.加强语气,例如e.明天晚上一定来参加晚会Do cometo theparty tomorrowevening.他的确知道那件事He didknow that..最常用的助动词有3be,have,do,shall,will,should,would)与7forget doing/to doremember doing/to do忘记要去做某事(未做)l.forget to do忘记做过某事(已做)forget doingThe light in the office is still on.He forgotto turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了(没有做关灯的动作)He forgotturning thelight off.他忘记他已经关了灯了(已做过关灯的动作)Dont forgetto cometomorrow.(别忘了明天来动作未做)to comeHaveyou beento themuseum lately例题n.例1Toms fatherthinks heis alreadyAhigh enoughB tallenoughC enoughhigh Cenough tall解析该题正确答案是修饰人高用而建筑物的高用并且修饰形B tall,high,enough容词要放在形容词后面因此该题选Bo例2the worseI seemtobe.A WhenI takemore medicineBThe moremedicine ItakeC Takingmore ofthe medicineDMore medicinetaken解析该题正确答案为形容词比较级+...,形容词比较级+...意为越…,B the+the+越…该句意为吃的药越多,我的病越是加重典型例题——Thelightin theofficeisstill on.——Oh Iforgot—.zA.turning it off B.turnit offC.to turnitoffD.having turneditoff答案由可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用C thelight isstillonforget.而表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实此处不符合题todo sth forget doing sth意记得去做某事侏做)
2.remembertodo记得做过某事(已做)remember doingRemembertogoto thepost officeafter school.记着放学后去趟邮局Dont youremember seeingthemanbefore你不记得以前见过那个人吗.和8Its for sb Itsof sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如l.forsb.easy,hard,difficult,等:interesting,impossible.对他来说学两门外语是很难的Its veryhard forhim to study twolanguages的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如
2.of sbgood,kind,nice,clever,foolish,righto.你来帮助我,你真是太好了Its verynice ofyou tohelp me与的辨别方法
3.for of用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子如果道理上通顺用不通则用如of,foro(通顺,所以应用)You arenice.ofo(人是困难的,不通,因此应用)He ishard.foro)对两个句子的提问9新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问例如句子:The boyin bluehas three pens.提问l.Who has threepens
2.Which boyhasthreepens
3.What doesthe boyin bluehave
4.How manypens doesthe boyin bluehave很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性再如句子:He usually goes tothe park with his friends at8:00on Sunday.提问:l.Who usuallygoes tothe parkwith his friendsat8:00on Sunday
5.Where does he usuallygo withhis friendsat8:00on Sunday
6.What does he usuallydo withhisfriendsat8:00on Sunday
7.With whomdoeshe usuallygotothepark at8:00on Sunday
8.What timedoesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriendson Sunday
9.When doesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriends与不定冠词的使用10so.such〃与不定冠词、连用,结构为开乡容词名词〃如l.so a an so++a/an+He isso funnya boy.Jim hasso biga house.与不定冠词、连用,结构为形容词+名词如
2.such aan such+a/an+It issuch anice day.That wassuch aninteresting story.)使用分词的几种情况11-ing.在进行时态中如1He iswatching TVin theroom.They weredancing atnine oclocklast night..在结构中如2there beThere isaboy swimmingin theriver.在结构中如:3have fun/problemsWe havefun learningEnglish thisterm.They hadproblems gettingtothetopofthemountain..在介词后面如4Thanks forhelping me.Are yougood atplaying basketball..在以下结构中5乐于做某事enjoy doing sth完成做某事finish doing sth想要做某事feellike doing sth停止做某事stop doing sth忘记做过某事forgetdoing sth继续做某事go ondoing sth记得做过某事remember doing sth喜欢做某事likedoing sth使某人一直做某事keep sbdoing sth发现某人做某事find sbdoingsth看至」/听至」/观看某人做某事see/hear/watch sbdoingsthI I试图做某事try doingsth需要做某事need doingsth宁愿做某事prefer doingsth介意做某事mind doingsth练习做某事practice doingsth忙于做某事be busydoingsth禁不住做某事cant helpdoingsth错过做某事miss doingsth)英语中的〃单数”12〃.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用〃代替的如1he,she,ithe,she,itmy friend,his teacher,ourclassroom,Tom,Marys uncle.名词有单数名词和复数名词如2(单数)(复数)(单数)(复数)man---men banana---bananas.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,分词,过去式,过去分词如3-inggo--goes-going---went---gonework-works-working--worked-workedwatch--watches--watching--watched---watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式如The boywantstobeasales assistant.Our Englishteacher isfromtheUS.Their daughtermakes herbreakfast allby herself.)名词的复数构成的几种形式13名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种名词复数的规则变化I一般在名词词尾加如
1.-spear--pears hamburger--hamburgersdesk-desks tree-trees.以字母结尾的名词,词尾加如2-s,-sh,-ch,-x-esclass-classes dish-disheswatch--watches box-boxes.以字母结尾的某些名词,词尾加如3-o-espotato-potatoes tomato-tomatoesNegro-Negroes hero-heroes.以辅音字母加-结尾的名词,将变为再加如4y-y-i,-esfamily-families dictionary-dictionariescity-cities country-countries.以字母或结尾的名词,将或变为,再加如5-f-fe-f-fe-v-eshalf-halves leaf-leavesthief--thieves knife---knivesself---selves wife-wiveslife-lives wolf-wolvesshelf--shelves loaf--loaves但是scarf--scarvesfes roof--roofsserf--serfs gulf-gulfschief-chiefs proof-proofsbelief--beliefs名词复数的不规则变化II.将改为如1-oo--eefoot-feet tooth-teeth.将改为如2-man-menman-men woman-womenpoliceman-policemen postman-postmen.添加词尾如3child--children.单复数同形如4sheep-sheep deer-deerfish-fish people--people.表示〃某国人〃的单、复数变化即〃中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把加后面〃5-s如例3I haventbeentoLondon yet.I haventbeen thereAtoo Balso Ceither Dneither解析该题正确答案为和都用于肯定句中本身意为否定两者都不c AB D-neithero,而则用于否定句中,意为也C-either例4Mr Smithwas movedatthenews.A deepB deeplyC verydeep Dquite deeply解析该题正确答案为用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如而B A.deep digdeep,B-deeplyo则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为另如等而deeply moveddeeply regretD-quite和均为副词,不能互相修饰deeply二介词要点I.、介词和种类1简单介词,常用的有1at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to withoutz等Chinese--Chinese Japanese-JapaneseSwiss-SwissEnglishman--Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenAmerican--Americans Australian--AustraliansCanadian--Canadians Korean-KoreansRussian--Russians Indian--Indians.其它如6mouse--miceapple tree-apple treesmanteacher-men teachers)双写最后一个字母的分词14-ing初中阶段常见的有以下这些让l.let-letting打、撞hit—hitting切、割cut-cutting取、彳导至」get-getting I坐sit-sitting忘己forget—forgetting t放put—putting设置set—setting临时受雇照顾婴儿babysit—babysitting购物
2.shop—^shopping绊trip—tripping停止stop^stopping放弃drop—dropping旅游
3.travel—^travelling防字泳swim—swimming跑步run^running挖、掘dig—digging开始begin—^beginning宁愿prefer—preferring计戈plan—^planning U)肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词15变为如:l.some anyoThere aresomebirds inthetree.—There arentany birdsinthetree.但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,可以不变如:someWould youlike someorange juice与此相关的一些不定代词如等也要进行相应变化something,somebody变为如
2.and orI havea knife anda ruler.—[dont haveaknifeor aruler.()变为或如
3.a lotof=lots ofmany mucho(可数名词)They havea lotof friends.一They donthave manyfriends.(不可数名词)There islots oforange inthe bottle.-There isntmuch orangeinthe bottle.变为如
4.already yetoIhavebeenthere already.T haventbeenthereyet.)与16in after与都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别in after经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间如UnHe willleave forBeijing ina week.一周后他会动身去北京经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间如
2.afterHe leftforBeijingafter a week.一周后他动身去了北京不过,如果后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时如afterWe willfinish thework afterten oclock.十点后我们会完成工作的.注意区分以下的的用法3inIll visit him ina week.一周后我会去拜访他111visithimtwice inaweek.一周内我会去拜访他两次)不定冠词与的使用17aan用在以辅音音素开头的单词前如
1.aThere isabintheword book.单词中有个字母book b0类似的字母还有C,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u v,w y,z Shehas asmall knife.zzo她有一把小刀用于以元音音素开头的单词前如
2.anThere isaniintheword onion.单词中有个字母onion io类似的字母还有:a e,f,h,I,m,n,o,r,s,xz oDo you havean umbrella你有一把雨伞吗.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都3an用如aa usefulbooka universeaone-letter wordanhouran uncleanumbrellaan honestperson)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴?18英语中表示穿、戴的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些主要表达〃穿〃的动作如L put on他穿上了他的夕卜套He puton hiscoat..你最好穿上你的鞋子Youd betterputonyour shoes、主要表示〃穿、戴〃的状态如2wear老人戴着一副眼镜The oldman wearsa pairof glasses..那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙The girlis wearinga redskirt、可作及物动词,有给……穿衣”的意思,后接人,而不是衣服如3dress请立即给孩子们穿上衣服Please dressthe childrenright now.也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯如dress.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服The womanalways dressesin green、表示穿着的状态如4be in.约翰今天穿白色的衣服John isin whitetodayThe manin blackisafootball coach.与19a little,a fewa bitof与都有〃一些、少量〃的意义他们的区别在哪里呢?a little,a fewa bitof意为〃一些、少量〃,后接不可数名词如
1.a little瓶子里有一点水There isa littlewater inthebottle.还可以接形容词如他有些害羞He isa littleshy.意为一些、少数,后接复数的可数名词如
2.a few房间里有一些人Therearea fewpeople intheroom.意为一点儿,后接形容词如
3.a bit有点冷Its a bit cold.后接不可数名词如a bitof他有一点儿钱Hehasa bitof money.表肯定意义表否定意义;表肯定意义表否定意义如
4.a littlelittle a few Jewz杯子里有一点儿汽水There isa little soda inthe glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水了Thereislittlesodaintheglass.我有一些中国朋友IhaveafewChinese friends.几乎没有人喜欢他Few peoplelike him.后接不可数名词;
5.a little=a bitof,后接形容词,意为有点儿a little=abit=a littlebit=kind of,)关于的用法20like可以作动词,也可以作介词like、作动词,表示一般性的爱好、喜欢,有泛指的含义如1like你喜爱这种颜色吗Doyoulike theco Ior后可接不定式(),也可接动词的分词(),有时like liketodosth-ing likedoingsth意思不尽相同如叩她喜爱吃苹果(习惯)She likeseating pies(她喜爰吃一粒苹果平常不喜欢吃)She likesto eatan apple.与连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求如like would您愿意喝杯茶吗?Would youlike acup oftea复合介词,如2by meansof,along with,because ofinfrontof,instead of、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系2和动词的搭配,如1agree with,ask for,belong to,break awayfrom,care about等和形容词的搭配,如2afraidof,angry with,different from,goodat和名词的搭配,如等.3answer to,key toreason for,cause of,visit toz、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有3right,just,badly,all,well,等少数几个副词如directly,completelyHe cameright afterdinner.He livesdirectly oppositethe school.、某些介词的意义与用法举例4表时间1at,on,in表示时间点用滤如等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at fouroclock,at midnight如等at,at thattime,at Christmas〃〃喜欢某人做某事〃可以用结构如Tike sbtodosth/doingsth.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌They alllike meto sing/singing Englishsongs、作介词,可译成像.…如2like•她对我们友好,就像母亲一样She isfriendly tous likea mother•它看起来像个桔子It lookslike anorange.、区分以下句子3A.What doeshe looklikeB.What ishe like句译为他长相如何?指一个人的外貌特征;而句译为他人怎么样?指人的性格AB特点C.The boylike Peteris overthere.D.A boylike Petercant doit.句指外貌相似,而句指性格相似A D与21stop todosthstop doingsth意为〃停下来去做某事如
1.Stop todo sthThe students stopto listento theirteacher.学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话意为停止做某事如
2.stop doingsth学生们停止了谈话Thestudentsstopped talking.)与它们相反的句式是继续做某事(与刚才一事不同和go ontodosthgoon继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)“如:doing sthHefinishes hishomework andgoes ontostudyEnglish.他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语.他们继续玩游戏They wenton playinggames。