还剩17页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
一般现在时的用法经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用)1时间状语:EVERY...,SOMETIMES,AT...,ON SUNDAYILEAVE HOMEFOR SCHOOLAT7EVERY MORNING.客观真理,客观存在,科学事实)2THE EARTHMOVES AROUNDTHE SUN.SHANGHAI LIESIN THEEAST OFCHINA.表示格言或警句中)
3.骄者必败PRIDE GOESBEFORE AFALL注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时例:COLUMBUS PROVEDTHAT THEEARTH ISROUND..现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性)4I DONZT WANTSO MUCH.
(2)—HAVE YOUBEEN TOOUR TOWNBEFORE---No,IT STHE FIRST TIMEl HERE.A.EVEN,COME B.EVEN,HAVE COMEC.EVER,COME D.EVER,HAVE COME答案意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为,此两词常用于完成时D.EVER NEVERTHIS IS THE的句型中,从句要用完LARGEST FISHI HAVE EVER SEEN.IT IS/WAS THE FIRST TIME+THAT-CLAUSE成时注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的(错)1HAVE RECEIVED HIS LETTER FOR AMONTH.仅寸)1HAVEN TRECEIVEDHISLETTERFORALMOST AMONTH..比较和12SINCE FOR用来说明动作起始时间,用来说明动作延续时间长度SINCE FORI HAVE LIVED HERE FORMORE THANTWENTY YEARS.I HAVELIVEDHERE SINCE I WAS BORN..MY AUNTHAS WORKEDIN ACLINIC SINCE
1949.SOME NEWOILFIELDS HAVE BEEN OPENEDUP SINCE
1976.I HAVEKNOWN XlAOLi SINCESHE WAS A LITTLEGIRL.MY BROTHERHAS BEENIN THEYOUTH LEAGUEFOR TWO YEARS.I HAVENOT HEARDFROM MYUNCLE FORA LONGTIME.注意:并非有作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时FORI WORKED HERE FORMORE THANTWENTY YEARS.(我现在已不在这里工作)I HAVEWORKEDHEREFOR MANYYEARS.(现在我仍在这里工作)小窍门当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使仅寸)1)TOM HASSTUDIED RUSSIANFOR THREEYEARS.二TOM BEGANTO STUDYRUSSIAN THREEYEARS AGO,AND ISSTILL STUDYINGIT NOW.(错)2)HARRY HASGOT MARRIEDFOR SIX YEARS.=HARRY BEGANTO GETMARRIED SIXYEARS AGO,AND ISSTILL GETTINGMARKED NOW.显然,第二句不对,它应改为或HARRY GOTMARRIED SIXYEARS AGO.HARRY HASBEENMARRIED FORSIXYEARS.的四种用法
13.SINCE+过去一个时间点如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1SINCE1980,LAST MONTH,HALF PASTSIXI HAVE BEEN HERESINCE
1989.+一段时间+2SINCE AGOIHAVE BEENHERESINCEFIVE MONTHSAGO.+从句3SINCEGREAT CHANGESHAVE TAKENPLACE SINCEYOU LEFT.CONSIDERABLE TIMEHAS ELAPSEDSINCE WEHAVE BEENHERE.+一段时间+从句4IT ISSINCEIT ISTWOYEARSSINCE IBECAME APOSTGRADUATE STUDENT.被动语态的几种类型主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态,如)1HE SAWHER IN THE SHOPYESTERDAY.SHE WASSEEN INTHE SHOPYESTERDAY.主语有两个宾语的被动语态)2Li LEIGAVE MEA CHEMISTRY BOOK.IWASGIVEN A CHEMISTRYBOOKBY Li LEI.ACHEMISTRYBOOK WASGIVEN TOME BYLiLEI.主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态)3若宾语补足语是不带的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加此类动词T T为感官动词:FEEL,HEAR,HELR LISTENTO,LOOK AT,MAKE,OBSERVE,SEE,NOTICE,WATCHTHE TEACHERMADE MEGO OUT OF THE CLASSROOM.()-IWAS MADETO GOOUTOFTHECLASSROOMBY THETEACHER.WE SAWHIM PLAY FOOTBALL ON THE PLAYGROUND.-HE WASSEEN TO PLAY FOOTBALLON THE PLAYGROUND.若宾语补足语是带的不定式,那么被动语态仍保留TO TOMOTHERTOLD MENOT TO BE LATEIWAS TOLDNOT TOBE LATEBY MOTHER.情态动词++过去分词,构成被动语态)5BECOAL CANBE USED TO PRODUCEELECTRICITY FORAGRICULTURE ANDINDUSTRY.表示据说或相信”的词组)6BELIEVE,CONSIDER,DECLARE,EXPECT,FEEL,REPORT,SAY,SEE,SUPPOSE,THINK,UNDERSTANDv据说IT ISSAID THAT...据报道IT ISREPORTED THAT...大家相信IT ISBELIEVED THAT...大家希望IT ISHOPED THAT...众所周知IT ISWELL KNOWNTHAT...大家认为IT ISTHOUGHT THAT...据建议IT ISSUGGESTED THAT...被视为当然IT ISTAKEN GRANTEDTHAT...大家决定IT HASBEEN DECIDEDTHAT...务必记住的是IT MUST BE REMEMBERTHAT...IT ISSAID THATSHE WILLLEAVE FORWUHAN ONTUESDAY.延续动词与瞬间动词
14.用于完成时的区别)1延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用,他已完成了那项工作(表结果)HE HASCOMPLETED THEWORK.我从那时起就认识他了(表经历)r VEKNOWN HIMSINCE THEN用于从句的差异)2TILL/UNTIL延续动词用于肯定句表示“做……直到……瞬间动词用于否定句表示到……才……”HEDIDN TCOMEBACK UNTIL TEN O CLOCK.他到点才回来10HE SLEPTUNTILTENOCLOCK.他一直睡到点10典型例题
1.You DON T NEEDTO DESCRIBEHER.I HERSEVERAL TIMES.A.HAD METB.HAVE MET C.MET D.MEET答案首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述再次B.SEVERAL告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时TIMES
2.-F MSORRY TO KEEP YOUWAITING.---OH,NOT ATALL.I HEREONLY AFEW MINUTES.A.HAVEBEENB.HAD BEENC.WAS D.WILL BE答案等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现A.・不定式作宾语动词+不定式)1AFFORD AIMAPPEAR AGREEARRANGE ASKBE DECIDEBOTHER CARECHOOSE COMEDAREDEMAND DESIREDETERMINE EXPECTELECT ENDEAVORHOPE FAILHAPPEN HELPHESITATE LEARNLONGMEAN MANAGEOFFER OUGHTPLAN PREPAREPRETEND PROMISEREFUSE SEEMTEND WAITWISHUNDERTAKE举例:THE DRIVERFAILED TOSEE THE OTHER CARIN TIME.司机没能及时看见另一辆车I HAPPENTO KNOWTHE ANSWERTO YOURQUESTION.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案动词+不定式动词+宾语+不定式);2ASK,BEG,CHOOSE,EXPECT,HATE,HELP INTENDLIKE,LOVE,NEED PREFER,PREPARE,PROMISE,WANT,WISH...我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁I LIKETOKEEP EVERYTHING TIDY.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁I LIKEYOU TOKEEPEVERYTHINGTIDY.我想和汤姆谈话I WANTTO SPEAK TO TOM.我想让你和汤姆谈话I WANTYOU TOSPEAKTOTOM.动词+疑问词+)3TODECIDE,KNOW,CONSIDER FORGET,LEARN,REMEMBER,SHOW,UNDERSTAND,SEE,WONDER,HEAR,FIND OUT,EXPLAIN,TELL请演示给我们如何去做PLEASE SHOWUS HOWTO DOTHAT.THERE ARESO MANYKINDS OFTAPE-RECORDERS ONSALE THATI CAN T MAKEUP MYMIND,有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种WHICH TOBUY注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数THE QUESTIONIS HOWTO PUTIT INTOPRACTICE.问题是怎样把它付诸实施不定式作补语
2.动词+宾语+不定式1TO DOADVISEALLOW APPOINTBELIEVE CAUSECHALLENGE COMMANDCOMPEL CONSIDERDECLAREDRIVE ENABLEENCOURAGE FINDFORBID FORCEGUESS HIREIMAGINE IMPELINDUCEINFORM INSTRUCTINVITE JUDGEKNOW LIKEORDER PERMITPERSUADE REMINDREPORT REQUESTREQUIRESELECT SENDSTATE SUPPOSETELL THINKTRAIN TRUSTUNDERSTAND URGEWARN例句A.FATHER WILLNOT ALLOWUS TOPLAY ONTHE STREET.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍B.WE BELIEVEHIM TOBE GUILTY.我们相信他是有罪的的特殊用法FIND后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带的动词不定式FIND TOFIND后也可带一个从句此类动词还有GET,HAVE1FOUND HIMLYING ONTHE GROUND.I FOUNDIT IMPORTANTTO LEARN.I FOUNDTHAT TOLEARN ENGLISHIS IMPORTANT.ANN WANGWRITES GOODENGLISH BUTDOES NOTSPEAK WELL.比较:Now IPUT THESUGAR INTHE CURI AM DOINGMY HOMEWORKNOW.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作再如:第二句中的是进行时的标Now WATCHME,I SWITCHONTHECURRENT ANDSTAND BACK.NOW志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时一般过去时的用法
2.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态)1时间状语有:等YESTERDAY,LAST WEEK,AN HOURAGO,THEOTHERDAY,IN1982WHERE DIDYOU GOJUST NOW表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作)2WHEN IWASACHILD,I OFTENPLAYED FOOTBALLINTHESTREET.WHENEVER THEBROWNS WENTDURING THEIRVISIT,THEY WEREGIVEN AWARM WELCOME.句型:)3”到……时间了””该……了”IT ISTIME FORSB.TO DOSTH”时间已迟了””早该……了”IT ISTIME SB.DID STH.你该睡觉了IT ISTIME FORYOU TOGO TOBED..你早该睡觉了IT ISTIME YOUWENT TOBED表示‘宁愿某人做某事’WOULD HADRATHER SB.DID STH.F DRATHER YOUCAME TOMORROW.等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等4WISH,WONDER,THINK,HOPE我以为你想要一些I THOUGHTYOU MIGHTHAVE SOME.比较一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在CHRISTINE WASAN INVALID ALL HER LIFE.含义:她已不在人间CHRISTINE HASBEEN ANINVALIDALLHERLIFE.(含义:她现在还活着)MRS.DARBY LIVED IN KENTUCKY FOR SEVEN YEARS.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州)MRS.DARBY HASLIVEDINKENTUCKYFORSEVENYEARS.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)注意用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气动词等)1WANT,HOPE,WONDER,THINK,INTENDDID YOUWANT ANYTHINGELSEI WONDEREDIF YOUCOULD HELPME.情态动词)2COULD,WOULD.COULD YOULEND MEYOUR BIKE
3.USED TO/BE USED TO“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在USED TO+DOMOTHER USEDNOT TOBE SOFORGETFUL..(过去常常散步)SCARF USEDTO TAKEA WALK对……已感到习惯,或‘习惯于,是介词,后需加名词或动名词BE USEDTO+DOING TOHEISUSEDTOA VEGETARIANDIET.(现在习惯于散步)SCARF ISUSEDTOTAKING AWALK.典型例题——YOUR PHONENUMBER AGAINI—QUITE CATCHIT.-—-IT S
69568442.A.DIDN7TB.COULDN,TC・DONTD・CANT答案本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发A.生在过去,因此应用过去时一般将来时
4.用于第一人称,常被所代替1SHALL WILL在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称WILLWHICH PARAGRAPHSHALL IREAD FIRST.WILL YOUBE ATHOME ATSEVEN THISEVENING+不定式,表示将来2BE GOING TO主语的意图,即将做某事A.WHAT AREYOU GOING TO DOTOMORROW计划,安排要发生的事B.THEPLAYIS GOING TOBEPRODUCED NEXTMONTHO有迹象要发生的事c.LOOK ATTHE DARKCLOUDS,THERE ISGOINGTOBE ASTORM.+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事3BEWE ARETO DISCUSSTHE REPORTNEXT SATURDAY.+不定式,意为马上做某事4BE ABOUTTOHEIS ABOUTTO LEAVEFOR BEIJING.注意:不能与等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用BE ABOUTTO TOMORROW,NEXT WEEK
5.BE GOINGTO/WILL用于条件句时,表将来BE GOINGTO表意愿WILLIF YOUARE GOINGTO MAKEA JOURNEY,YOU DBETTER GETREADY FORIT ASSOON ASPOSSIBLE.Now IFYOU WILLTAKE OFFYOUR CLOTHES,WE WILLFIT THENEW CLOTHESON YOUIN FRONTOFTHE MIRROR.和
6.BETO BE GOINGTO表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事BE TO表示主观的打算或计划BEGOINGTO(客观安排)IAMTOPLAYFOOTBALL TOMORROW AFTERNOON.(主观安排)F MGOINGTOPLAYFOOTBALLTOMORROWAFTERNOON.一般现在时表将来
7.下列动词的一般现在时表将来这主要)1COME,GO,ARRIVE,LEAVE,START,BEGIN,RETURN用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情THE TRAINLEAVES ATSIX TOMORROWMORNING.WHEN DOESTHE BUSSTAR ITSTARS INTEN MINUTES.倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如)2二HERE COMESTHE BUS.THE BUSIS COMING.二THERE GOESTHE BELL.THE BELLISRINGING.在时间或条件句中)3(不是)WHEN BILLCOMES WILLCOME,ASK HIMTO WAITFOR ME.r LLWRITE TOYOU ASSOON ASI ARRIVETHERE.在动词等后)4HOPE,TAKE CARETHAT,MAKE SURETHATI HOPETHEY HAVEA NICETIME NEXTWEEK.MAKE SURETHAT THEWINDOWS ARECLOSED BEFOREYOU LEAVETHE ROOM.用于现在完成时的句型
11.…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时1IT ISTHE FIRST/SECOND TIME....THATIT ISTHE FIRSTTIME THATIHAVEVISITED THECITY.IT WASTHE THIRDTIME THATTHE BOYHAD BEENLATE.…结构,从句要用现在完成时.2THISISTHE…THAT THATTHIS ISTHEBEST FILMTHAT rVEEVERSEEN.这是我看过的最好的电影Y这是我第一次听他唱歌THIS ISTHE FIRSTTIME THATVE HEARDHIM SING.典型例题1-DO YOUKNOW OURTOWN ATALL-NO,THIS ISTHEFIRSTTIME IHERE.A.WAS B.HAVEBEENC.CAME D.AM COMING答案后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B.THISISTHEFIRSTTIME Bo。