还剩21页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词I.不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事,相当于a kindof Aplane isa machinethat canfly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boyis waitingfor you.有个男孩在等你3表示“每一”相当于every,one Westudy eighthours aday.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe arenearly ofan age.—Hello,could Ispeak toMr.Smith—Sorry,wrong number.There isnt______用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有5Mr.Smith here.类似性质的人或事A.不填B.a C.theD.oneThat boyis rathera LeiFeng.(活雷锋)6用于固定词组中a coupleof,a bit,once upona time,in ahurry,have a walk,many atime用于quite,rather,many,half,what,s7This roomis rathera bigone.uch之后She isas clevera girlas youcan wishto8用于soas,too,how+形容词之后meet.success抽象名词→a success具体化成功的人或事a failure失败的人或事a shame带来耻辱的人9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前或事a pity可惜或遗憾的事a must必需必备的事a goodknowledge of精通掌握某一方面的知识II.定冠词的用法In manyplaces in China,___bicycle isstill___po1表示某一类人或物pular meansof transportation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe,the moon,the PacificOcean表示说话双方都了解的或上文提3Would youmind openingthe door到过的人或事4用于演奏乐器play theviolin,play theguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach,the living,the wounded—Could youtell methe wayto____Johnsons,pl表示“一家人”或“夫妇”(对比6ease上文的不定冠词用法5)—Sorry,we don’t have____Johnson herein thevillage.A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/用于序数词和形容词副词比较级7He isthe tallerof thetwo children.最高级前用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山the UnitedStates,the CommunistParty of China,8川群岛的名词前the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compasswas inventedinChina.在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的10in the1990’s二十世纪九十年代某个年代11用于表示度量单位的名词前I hiredthe carby thehour.12用于方位名词,身体部位名词He pattedme on the shoulder.III.不用冠词(又名零冠词)的用法专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地1Beijing University,Jack,China,love,air名等名词前名词前有this,my,whose,some,n Iwant thisbook,not thatone./Whose purs2o,each,every等限制e isthis3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March,Sunday,National Day,spring4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincoln wasmade Presidentof America.5表示球类,棋类等运动的名词前He likesplaying football/chess.We wentright round to thewest coastby______sea insteadof drivingacross______co6与by连用表示交通方式的名词前ntinent.A.the;theB.不填;the C.the;不填D.不填;不填7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband andwife,knife andfork,day andnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses areuseful animals.
二、名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名,团体机可数名词不可数名词构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质
①She heldsome flowersin herha花儿个体名词nd.开花抽象名词
②The treesare nowin flower
①Youth isbeautiful.青春抽象名词
②He isa youthof twenty年轻人个体名词
①They have achieved remarkables成功抽象名词uccess in their work.
②—How aboutthe Christmaseven成功的事个体名词ing party—I shouldsay itwas asuccess.物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质
①Iron isa kindof metal.铁物质名词
②Please lendme youriron.熨斗个体名词
①He brokea pieceof glass.玻璃物质名词
②He brokea glass.玻璃杯个体名词
①I boughta chickenthis morning小鸡个体名词
②Please helpyourself tosome chi鸡肉物质名词cken抽象名词与个体名词的转换
①—I’d like______information aboutthe managementof your具有动作意义的抽象名hotel,please.词加用与某些动词(如—Well,you couldhave____word withthe manager.He mighthave等)连be helpful用,表示某一次短暂的动A.some,a B.an,someC.some,someD.an,a作
②They sentus wordof thelatest happenings.消息(抽象名词)A.aB.anC./D.the
③Could wehave wordbefore yougo to the meeting话(个体名词)A.a B.anC./D.the类例have adream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktakeawalk/a bathmake an advance进步/make anearly start早点出发/make adecision/makeachange/give acry ofpain发出痛苦的叫声/give atry表示知识和时间的抽象
①Many peopleagree that___knowledge ofEnglish isa musti名词转换为普通名词时n____international tradetoday.可以用来表示A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,the其中的一部分a knowledge of truth知道实际情况give afuller knowledgeofChina提供关于中国更为翔实的知识haveaknowledgeofshorthand有速记的知识
②If therewere noexamination,we shouldhave______at school.A.the happiesttimeB.a morehappier timeC.much happiesttimeD.a muchhappier time
③is money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名
①Oh,John._____you gaveme!词可用来表示“一次、一A.How apleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surprise阵、一种”具体的行为、C.What apleasantsurpriseD.What pleasantsurprise事件、现象或结
②She lookedup whenI shouted.果这时名词前往往有形A.in asurpriseB.in thesurpriseC.in surpriseD.in somesurprise容词修饰其它例子The giftcame asa completesurprise tome.We havehad someunpleasant surprise
③It is_____work ofart thateveryone wantsto havea lookatit.A.so unusualB.such unusualC.such anunusualD.so anunusualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es(参看有关语法书)英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,请看下表规则例词man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-g1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式eese,mouse-micesheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,specie2单复数相同sashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasse3只有复数形式s,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staffaudience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可5committee,government,population,crew,t以作复数(成员)eam,public,enemy,partycustoms海关,forces军队,times时代,spirits情绪,drinks饮料,sands沙滩,papers文件报6复数形式表示特别含义纸,manners礼貌,looks外表,brains头脑智力,greens青菜,ruins废墟7表示“某国加-s Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swe人”des,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的Englishmen,Frenchwomen改为-men,-womensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-telle将主体名词变为复数rs,boy friends8合成名词无主体名词时将最后一部分grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches变为复数将两部分变为复数women singers,men servantsIII.主谓一致规则情况举例语His fatheris workingon thefarm.To studyEnglish wellis noteasy.Reading inthe sunis badfor youreye法s.以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,动名词What hesaid is very importantfor usal一短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数l.形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数用复数形式情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句致是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式原what Ibought werethree Englishbooks.What Isay anddo isare helpfulfor y则ou.Lucy andLily aretwins由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语The writerand artisthas come.后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词但若所连Every studentand everyteach isinthe接的两个词是指同一个人或物classroom.时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式由andMany aboy andmany agirl likesit.连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,eacNo boyand nogirl likesit.h,every或more thana an/one,manyEach ofus hasa newbook.Is everyoneaan修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式here todayeither,neither,each,every或no+单数Somebody isspeaking inclass.Everythin名词和由some,any no,every构成的复g aroundus ismatter合不定代词,都作单数看待.若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以None of the sugarwas left.None ofus hashave beento America.Those whowant togo pleasewrite theirnames onthe blackboard.在定语从句里,关系代词that,who,whichHe is one ofmy friendswho areworkin等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行g hard.词的数一致He isthe onlyone ofmy friendswhois workinghard.It isI whoam goingto thecinema toni在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致ght.It iswe whoare goingto thecinema tonight.The policeare lookingfor thelost child.The cattleare eatinggrass inthe field.His familyhas movedtothesouth.他如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动的一家词用单数形式;如果它指的集体的成员,其His familyare watchingTV.(他的家人)谓语动词用复数形式Class fourisonthe thirdfloor.(四班)Class Fourare unableto agreeupon amonitor.(四班的学生)由a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a heapThere are alotofpeople inthe classroof/heaps of/the restof/the majoritom.y of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数Three-fourths ofthe surfaceoftheeart+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数h issea.要根据短语中后面名词的数而定50percent ofthe studentsin ourclassare girls.此外,还有a numberof+复数名词有类似的用法(用复数),但the numberof+复数名词的数就得依number而定(用单数)A numberof studentshave gone to thefarmto helpthe farmerpick apples.The numberof pagesin thisbook isthree hundred.There comesthe bus.On thewall arem在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语any pictures.一致Such isthe result.Such arethe facts.Between thetwo hillsstands amonument.Which isyour bagWhichare yourbag逻s辑Are anyof yougood atEnglishHas anyWhat,who,which,any,more,all等代of yougot apen意词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来All canbe donehas beendone.All isg决定义oing well.All havebeen takenout.All havegonet一o Beijing.致Thirty minutesis enoughfor thework..表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主Twenty poundsis toodear.原语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于如强调这类词的复数意义,则谓语动词要用复数作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体则形式Forty kilosof waterare usedevery day.The UnitedStates issmaller thanChina.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数“The ArabianNights”is aninteresting形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式story-book.表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复One anda halfapples isleft onthe tab数名词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式le.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works Thepaper workswas builtin
1990.这家等都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义造纸厂建于1990年为单数名词,I don’t thinkphysics iseasy tostudy.它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissoMy glassesare broken.rs剪刀等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如The pairof shoesunder thebed ishis.果这些名词前有athe pairof等量词修饰时(clothes被a suitof修饰)谓语动词用单数“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类The oldare takengood care of there.人动词用复数;若表示某一类东西时,动词The beautifulgives pleasureto all.用单数就Either theteacher orthe studentsareo近当两个主语由either or,neither nor,no urfriends./远t onlybut also,whether or连接时,谓Neither he nor theyare whollyright.一语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致Neither theynor heis whollyright.致Is neitherhenorthey whollyright原there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于Therearetwo chairsanda desk inthe则其后的主语如果其后是由and连接的两个room.主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致,即There isadeskand twochairs inthe r就近一致oom.Mr.Green,together withhis wifeand children,has cometo China.A womanwith ababy wasonthebus.主语后面跟有with,together with,exceNobody butJim andMike wason thept,but,like,as wellas,no lessthan,playground.rather than,more than,besides,alonShe,like youand Tom,isverytall.g with,including,in additionto等引The girlsas wellas theboy havelearne起的短语,谓语动词要跟主语一致,即就远dtospeak Japanese.一致No oneexcept myteachers knowsanything aboutit.。