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名词中考命题趋势考纲解读(名词在近5年考试中的考察点)
1.能够正确运用可数名词和不可数名词
2.驾驭可数名词复数形式的规那么变化和不规那么变化
3.驾驭名词全部格的构成和用法
4.驾驭名词作主语时和谓语在单复数上保持一样命题预料
1.名词多在单项选择,完形填空,短文填空和完成对话中进展考察
2.据统计,名词的常考点有
(1)名词全部格,如2021•广西,38题;2021•泰安,23题等
(2)语境中名词的选择,如2021•达州,22题;2021•东营,19题等
(3)名词的数,如2021•龙东,2题;2021•玉林,2021•兰州,31题等
3.预料今后中考中对于名词的考察将以名词辨析,名词全部格和可数名词及不可数名词的表达为重点,也可能对名词全部格及名词固定搭配进展考察名词知识点全览专出名词个体名词可数名词名词的分类集体名词一般名词物质名词不可数名词抽象名词单数可数名词复数(规那么变化,不规那么变化)名词的数名词不可数名词S全部格名词全部格of全部格双重全部格主,宾,表,定,状,补语,同名词的句法功能位名词辨析中考考点清单考点1名词的分类一,专出名词名字(人名,地名,书名,机构名),及国家有关的(国家,国民,语言),日期(节日,星期,月份)My nameis Lucy.我叫露西I ama Chinese.我是中国人I willvisit theGreat Wallon Monday.周一我要游长城二,一般名词包括可数名词和不可数名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等如danger,interest
2.不可数名词]可数名词{集体名词表示一群人或一些事物如family,police,class,group【留意】有些单词意义发生变化,单复数也发生变化,如glass意为“玻璃杯〃时是可数名词,意为“玻璃〃时是不可数名词身兼两职的名词比照表:glass fishchicken time可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次,倍不口」数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orange lightpaper hair可数(几根)头发橙子电灯报纸,试卷不可数橙汁光纸头发exercise idealife work可数练习题办法,意见生命著作不可数锻炼生活工作了解turkey radioyouth experience可数火鸡收音机青年男子经验不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻,青春经验interest room可数爱好房间不可数爱好空间【留意】
(1)family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数,强调家庭成员或班级成员时视为复数;⑵局部有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念
①police指警察,警官的总称,本身表示复数The police(主语)+谓语动词复数
②people指人们,人民,本身表示复数people指民族,有单,复数变化如fifty-six peoples五十六个民族考点2名词的数一,可数名词的复数形式
1.规那么变化名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es现将构成方法列表如下规那么例词1一般在词尾加-S map一maps,sea一seas,girl一girls,day一days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es class一classes,box一boxes,watch一watches,dish一dishes3变-f或-fe为v再加以-f或-fe结尾的leaf一leaves,thief一thieves,knife一knives,loaf一1oaves,名词-es wife一wives加-sbelief一beliefs,chief一chiefs,proof一proofs,roof一roofs,gulf-guIfs4以4南音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加party一parties,family一families,story一stories,city一cities-es5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专出名词以ytoy一toys,boy一boys,day一days,ray一rays,Henry一Hcnrys结尾的,加-s6一般加-es以辅音字母加-hero一heroes,Negro一Negroes,potato一potatoes,tomato一tomatoes结尾的名词不少外来词加-spiano一pianos,photo一photos,auto一autos,kilo一kilos,solo一soloszero一zeros/zeroes,volcano一volcanoes/volcanos两者皆可7以兀音字母加一结尾的名词加-s radio一radios,bamboo一bamboos,zoo一zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth一truths,mouth一mouths,month一months,path—paths
2.不规那么变化英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规那么的,现归纳如下:规那么例词1改变名词中的元音字母man一men,woman一women,foot一feet,goose一geese,mouse一mice2单复数一样sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,species,li,yuan,jin3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses(眼镜),compasses(圆规),contents(目录)4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5局部集体名词既可以视为单数(整体)也可以视为复数(成员)audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特殊含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(心情),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑,智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7加-s表示“某国人〃Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,JapaneseEnglishmen,Frenchmen以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women8将主体名词变为复数合成名词sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friendsgrown-ups,housewives,stopwatches无主体名词时将最终一局部变为复数将两局部变为复数women singers,men servants二,不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词在表示量的时候须要用上适当的量词,当数词大于1时,量词须变为复数如a piece of advice(一条建议),five piecesof advice(五条建议),a bagof rice(一袋大米),three bagsof rice(三袋大米)常见的量词及搭配a bagof flour一袋面粉牛奶a bottleof milk一瓶a bowlof rice一碗米饭牛奶a bucketof milk——桶a canof beer一罐啤酒a glassof milk一杯牛奶糖a cupof tea一杯茶a bowlof soup一碗汤a packof gum一盒口香a spoonof sugar一勺糖头可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词来表达如two bagsof apples两袋苹果a potof tea一壶茶考点3名词全部格a tinof soup一个汤罐一,s全部格1,表示有生命的东西的名词,全部格一般在名词后加S,其构成形式如下
①一般单数名词后加So如my brothers book,Jack scat,the girls pen等
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的全部格,只需在名词后加“如girls,teachers等【留意】在不规那么复数名词后,要加So如women sclotheso
③以-s结尾的专出名词的全部格,读音以[z]结尾的,一般在名词后加“〃,也可加s其读音分别为[z]和[Iz]如:Dickens/Dickens sbooko【留意】假设不以读音[z]结尾那么仍用so如Ross sbooko
④复合名词或词群的全部格的词尾s加在后面的名词之后the Presidentof theUnited Statess car美国总统的汽车【留意】当出现同位语时,s一般加在同位语后This ismy sisterMary sbag.这是我妹妹玛丽的包
⑤假如一样东西为两个人共有,那么只在后一个名词词尾加s,假如不是共有的,两个名词都要加’SoTom and Peter1s room汤姆和彼得的房间(共有的房间)Tom s andPeter,s rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间(各自的房间)
⑥表示店铺,医院,诊所,住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上s代表全称at thedoctor s=at thedoctor,s office在诊所
⑦在one及one/body和some-,any-,no~,every-结合起来的复合词后加s如someone sbook某人的书这些代词和else连用时,s应加在else后如somebody elses pencil别人的铅笔2,表示时间,距离,国家,城市等无生命的名词,也可以在词尾后加s或“〃构成全部格如today s news,ten minutes,drive,China sindustry等二,“of+名词〃全部格无生命的名词的全部格,通常用“of+名词〃的构造来表示如the windowsof theroom(房间的窗户),the coverofthe dictionary(词典的封面)三,双重全部格
(1)表示局部概念,of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词,如a,an,one,two,some,several,a few,many,any,no等This isa pictureof mine.这是我的一张照片
(2)双重全部格及of全部格的不同He isa friendof yourfather s.他是你父亲的一个朋友(强调你父亲的朋友不止一个)He isa friendof yourfather.他是你父亲的朋友(强调他对你父亲的友好)中考考点聚焦考点1名词辨析例1(2021达州)--------What doyou thinkof The Belt andRoad Initiative(一带一路建议)------Great!It willhelp Chinaimprove thewith thoserelated countries.解析句意一你觉得一带一路建议怎么样?一特别好!这有助于提升中国和相关国家的关系此题考察名词含义,relationship关系,agreement一样,environment环境,information信息,依据句子含义可以选出答案答案A考点2名词全部格及其用法例1(2021广西)The womanin ahat isaunt.A.Jack andJohn B.Jack,s andJohn C.Jack,sandJohn sandJohn,s解析句意一这女人是杰克和约翰的阿姨此题考察名词全部格用法在表示多个人或物共有的东西,在最终一个名词后加s〃答案D考点3名词的数例1(2021玉林)一Hey,boys.Look atthe falling.一Well,it stelling usthat autumnis coming.解析句意一嘿!孩子们快看落叶一哦,这说明秋天来了以f或fe结尾的名词变复数,变f或fe为v,加eso答案D中考真题演练考点1名词辨析
1.(2021扬州)The Queqiaosatellite(卫星)will forma Bbridge betweencontrollers Moon.and thefar sideof theonEarthA.contribution B.communication C.celebration D.competition
2.(2021孝感)-----Which shouldwe startwith,Water Worldor SpaceWorldA.mistake B.promise C.difference D.decision
3.(2021咸宁)一Could yougive mea fewB onhow tospend thecoming summerholiday-----Either isOK,it makesno Cto me.A.hobbies B.suggestions C.knowledge D.information
4.(2021武汉)-----Kate,I mgoing shopping.Anything tobuy foryouOK,let mesee.-----Yes,that willsave mea_A.A.hand B.trip C.visit
5.(2021徐州)You donthave totell meyour answernow.Give itsome Dand thenlet meknow.A.support B.help C.protection D.thought
6.(2021苏州)The boyhas beenmissing forfive daysand hisparents areworried abouthis B.A.attention B.safety C.action D.growthA.streets B.cinemas C.squares D.shop
8.(2021南京)--Do youhave thisT-shirt in a smallA------r mafraid not.It onlycomes inmedium.A.size B.colour C.material D.taste
7.(2021沈阳)Small carsare usefulin citieswith narrow
9.(2021连云港)National Treasurequickly roseto thetop televisionrating ranksafter itwas presentedon CCTV.It meansa growingA in traditionalculture amongChina syouth.A.interest B.direction C.habit D.dream
10.(2021兰州)If thetemperature isbelow0C,water willturn intoAinthe openair.A.ice B.steam C.fog D.rain
11.(2021荆州)一Kids oftenfeel betterinahappy family.A.expression B.environment C.encouragement D.development
12.(2021黄石)In fact,pandas havebecome sopopular thatthey arenow aChina.一That strue.A happyfamily providesa lovingB—for itschildren.A.subject B.symbol C.sign D.spirit
13.(2021东营)--Hi,Li Mei.How is your newschool一一Fantastic.We canchoose thecourses accordingto ourC Ilove operas,so1took theBeijing Operaclass.A.grades B.talents C.interests D.experiences
14.(2021呼和浩特)-It sMr Zhangsnewmovie.But Ithink its moremeaningful thanhis others.—I agreewith you.His latestmovie hascome tohis highest_B.A.spirits B.standard C.treasure D.development
15.(2021河南)-Its uselessto regretwhat hasbeen done.Dont makethose mistakesagain一1won,t.Thats a(n)CA orderB.decision C.promise D.agreement考点2名词全部格及其用法
1.(2021•龙东)-How farisyourhome fromschool—About Bwalk.A.five minute,s B.five minutesC.five minutes
2.(2021哈尔滨)一How timeflies!It istwo_A_since wemet last.——So itis.I missyou somuch.A.months B.monthes C.months D.month
3.(2021恩施)一Henry,have youseen theEnglish bookon theB deskIf yousee it,please takeit tothe office.——OK.A.teachers;teachers B.teacherJ s;teachersC.teacher s;teacher sD.teachers;teacher s考点3名词的数
1.(2021•重庆)It ssports time.Most footballstudents inClass1are playingonthe playground.A.boy B.boys C.boy D.boys
2.(2021邵阳)一Mom,please giveme twowant tomake vegetablesalad.一OK.Here youare.A.tomato B.tomatoes C.tomatos D.tomatoos
3.(2021南充)一Are youthirsty—Yes,please giveus_C_,A.three bottlewater B.three bottleof waterC.three bottlesof waterD.three bottlesof waters
4.(202兰州)There arelot ofB onthe grassland.sheep-dog issitting1next tothem.A.sheep;TheB.sheep;A C.sheeps;The I),sheeps;A
5.(2021通辽)In China,there aremore Bin primaryschools thanin highschools.A.woman teacherB.women teachersC.women teacherD.woman teachers
6.(2021•广州)Yesterday fordinner Ihad apieceofbeef,vegetables andA.some riceB.a fewrice C.a littlerices D.a rice
7.(2021营口)一There Amany foreignstudents inher class.—Yes.I knowtwo ofthem are,A.are;Japanese B.is;Australian C.are;Germany D.is;Ameirca。