还剩6页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
定语从句
一、定义在复合句中担任定语,修饰一个名词或代词的从句被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词,引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词关系词连接先行词和从句,并代替先行词在从句中作一定的句子成分
二、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句、限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,说明先行词的1‘性质特征等代A nurseis aperson wholooks aer patients.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整Toms father,who isover sixty,still workshard dayand night.、引导非限制性定语从句的可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子2whichThat Peterwill marryAlice,which hasnot beenannounced yet,has spreadaround.、不能引导非限制性定语从句3that、在限制性定语从句中,如果关系代词作宾语时,可以省略(介词后除外);但在非限制性定4语从句中不能省略()Generation gapis aproblem that/which people are interestedin.He waseager tosee hermother,whom heloved verymuch.
三、关系代词的基本用法、二者都指人,作主语或宾语,作宾语位于介词后或在非限制性定1who/whom:who whom语从句中作宾语时,一般用whomThe manwho spokeat themeeting isfrom HongKong.He is the personwho/whom Irespect.Do youknow the man withwhom theyare talking、既可指人,也可指物,作定语2whose:You arethe onlyone whoseadvice hemight listento.This housewhose windowsface thestreet ismy uncles名词=名词关系代词Whose+the++of+I willtalk tothose studentswhose homework=the homeworkof whomhasnt beedone.、指物,作主语、宾语3which:The computerwhich ison thatdesk ismine.We aredrinking milkwhich theybought yesterday.、既可指人(=\^加卜)也可指物(=¥\忙叫作主语、宾语、表语4that:0001,41He doesntseem to be theman thathe wasten years ago.The picturethat weare lookingat wasdrawn bymy sister.This bookthat iswritten inEnglish ismy birthdaygift frommy father.【注意】先行词为物时,关系代词用而不能用
1.that which先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰时,如1all,much,something,everything,nothing,little,none等・That is all that I want to say.⑵先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时He wasthe firstperson thatpassed theexam.This is the mostwonderful filmthat Ihave seen.⑶先行词被等限定词修饰时the only,the very,the same,the lastThis is the same bikethatIlost.先行词里同时含有人或物时4We weredeeply impressedby the teachers andschools thatwe hadvisited.⑸当主句是开头Here/there/whichThere isa bookon thedesk thatbelongs toTom.Which is the shirtthat fitsme most先行词为物时,关系代词用而不用的情况
2.which,that先行词为时,用而不用1that which,thatWhats that which isunder thedesk关系代词前有介词时,一般用而不用2which,thatThis is the roomin which he lives.引导非限制性定语从句3Tom cameback,which madeus happy.先行词为人时,关系代词用不用的情况
3.who that先行词为指人的时1one/ones/anyone/thoseThose whoare notfit fortheir workshould leaveoffice atonce.结构主语是指人的名词时2There beThereisagentleman whowants tosee you.非限制性定语从句中3先行词为人时,关系代词用不用的情况
4.that who主句是开头时1whoWho wasthemanthat youdanced withlast night当先行词前有序数词、形容词最高级、等修饰时2thesame/the last/the only
四、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句充当时间,地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构
1.This isthe housein whichI livedtwo years ago.There usedtobea timeduring whichthe Chinesepeople struggledfor freedomYoushould explain the reasonfor whichyou areabsent.名词+介词引导的定语从句
2.+which/whom”We hada meetingthe purposeof whichwas completelyunclear.
五、关系副词的基本用法在句中作状语,表示时间,可用替代
1.when at/in/on/during whichHeremembers the day whenhe joinedthe League.在句中作状语,表示地点,可用替代
2.where at/in/on whichThis istheplace wherehe works.在句中作状语,表示原因,可用替代,不能引导非限制性定语从句,
3.why forwhich why for可以whichThis isthe reasonwhy he is latetoday.【提醒】当先行词为地点名词时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用或引导
1.that which如Thisisthe housewhich/that wasbuilt bymy grandfatherforty yearsago.当等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,
2.position,point,case,situation,atmosphere若定语从句中缺少状语,则用来引导如whereIts helpfulto putchildren in a situationwhere theycan seethemselves differently.关系副词指原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是
3.why reason这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗Is thisthe reasonwhyforwhichherefused ourhelp.当先行词是时间名词时,关系词在定语从句中充当状语,用引导;若关系词在从句中4when充当主语或宾语,则用或引导如:thatwhich册Do youremember thedays whenwe chattedwitheach otherall night-Do youremember thedays that/which wespent togetheron thefarm
六、主谓一致问题、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的形式取决于先行词
1、从句前面为可数名词复数,谓语用复数前面为可数名词复数,谓语用2One+of+the one of+单数他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一He isone of the boys who likeplaying basketball.他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子He isthe oneof theboyswholikes playingbasketball.
七、判断技巧一般在语法填空考察定语从句的关系词,可分为几个步骤、判断是否为定语从句先看句子是否完整,即基本成分主谓宾/主系表是完整的1空格是位于名词/代词后面,空格后的内容与前面的名词/代词相关,起到修饰说明作用,可以判断为限制性定语从句;空格和名词/代词中间有逗号隔开,空格后的内容与前面的名词/代词/整个句子相关,则是非限制性定语从句、判断先行词是人、物、整个句子
2、判断代表先行词的关系词在从句中的成分3如果在从句中充当主语、宾语,一般考虑关系代词如果在从句中充当状语,一般考虑关系副词单项选择一
1.What areyou lookingfor——Im lookingfor abook tellsthe historyof England.A.which B.who C.what D.where一
2.Why doyou callhim Mr.Knowledgeable一Because heknows almosteverything wewanttoknow.A.which B.what C.that D.who
3.——I heardthat ShaoYifu passedaway.——Yes,he isa greatman donatedbillions ofdollars tocharity,schools andhospitals.A.who B.whom C.which D./
4.He alwaysforgets all the thingshe needsto do.A.when B.that C.where D.which
5.After Mandelawas freein1990,he choseto shakehands withthe peoplewanted tokill him.A.whose B.which C./D.who
6.The bookin Ihave muchinterest nowis Aroundthe Worldin EightyDays.A.that B.who C.which D.whose
7.He showedme aroundthe schoolhe studiedthree yearsago.A.that B.when C.in which D.there
8.He istheteacherclass weall like.A.when B.who C.whom D.whose
9.—Please tell me somethingabout YangLiwei.—He isa greatastronaut ofalltheChinese areproud.A.that B.whose C.who D.whom
10.My motherdoesnt likestories havesad endings.A.that B.who C.where D.those
11.——Frank,look!Who arethe childrenunder thetree waitingin aline一They arethe studentsfrom No.1Primary School.A.that areB.where areC.which isD.who is
12.I/ve becomegood friendswith severalofthestudents inmy schoolI metinthe Englishspeech contestlast yearA.whom B.whose C.which D.where
13.She istalking aboutthe schooland teacherswe visitedlast month.A.who B.which C.where D.that
14.It isthe schoolrooftop agroup ofShanghai studentshave grownvegetables.A.which B.that C.what D.where
15.1like thecity thepeoplearereally kindand friendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who
16.The factoryI amgoing toistheplace mymother usedto work manyyearsago.A.where;where B.where;which C.which;where D.which;which
17.We willput offthe picnicin thepark untilnext week,the weathermay bebetter.A.that B.where C.which D.when
18.Nobody knowsthe reasonheiso代en latefor school.A.why B.where C.which D.when
19.Do youremember thedays wespent togetheron thefarmA.why B.where C.which D.when
20.The famousbasketball star,tried tomake acomeback,attracted alot ofattention.A.where B.when C.whichD.who
21.Have youseen thefilm Titanic,leading actoris worldfamousA.its B.its C.whose D.which
22.Recently Ibought anancient Chinesevase,was veryreasonable.A.which priceB.the priceof which C.its priceD.the priceof whose
23.She hearda terriblenoise,brought herheart intoher mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that
24.I shallnever forgetthedayShen ZhouV waslaunched,has agreat effecton mylife.A.when;which B.that;which C.which;that D.when;that
25.Dora wasalways speakinghighly ofher rolein theplay,of course,made theothers unhappy.A.who B.whichC.this D.what用适当的关系词填空
1.Thisisthe housein Ilived tenyearsago.which
2.The manfrom Iborrowed thebook isLi Lei.whom
3.One ofmy friendsSandhya usedto stayin SubhasNagar,was situatedinalittle lowerarea acrosstherailway line.which
4.The earth istheonly planetprovides uswith everythingwe need.that
5.The timea professorcan spendwith astudent islimited.that/which
6.Potatoes canbe plantedin placesits toocold togrow rice.where
7.Sept.30thisthe lastday youmust payyour bill.when
8.She isthe personhandwriting isvery good.whose
9.Can youtellmethe reason the carbroke down.why
10.We areoften toldto eata rainbowand weaim forthe veryguideline saysthe morecolor afoodhas,the betterit is.that
11.She worksfrom
9.am to
5.pm dailyat thepet shop,she openedwith herhusband.which
12.They weretrained bytheir mastershad greatexperience withcaring theseanimals.who/that
13.Sarah,has takenpart inshows alongwith topmodels,wants toprove thatshe hasbrains aswellas beauty.who
14.My connectionwith pandasgoes backto mydays ona TVshow inthe mid-1980s,I wasthe firstreporterpermitted tofilm aspecial unitabout pandas.when
1..1believe thisis animportant reasonI amable tomake progress,why
16.The catslive atthe museumthey nowlead ancomfortable life,where
17.In1939,J.M.W.Turner begantoworkon hispainting,title isTHE FightingTemeraire.whose
18.There aremany destinationsintheUK,oneofistheSouth-West ofEngland,which
19.According tostatistics,326visitors attendedthe festival,many ofwere hanfu-wearing enthusiasts.whom
20.The numberof timesthat upcyclinghas beenlooked upontheCambridge Dictionarywebsitehas risenby181%since Dec.of2011,it wasfirst addedto theonline dictionary.when。