高考英语考前阅读理解解题指导破解阅读理解猜测词义题讲义

考前阅读理解解题指导破解阅读理解猜测词义题

1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思【考例】（年全国乙卷，篇）12022C

29.What does“maintenance”underlined in paragraph3refer toA.Personnel safety.B.Assistance fromdrones.C.inspection and repair.D.Construction ofinfrastructure.解析原文That includeshuge savingsin maintenancecosts andbetter protectionofrailway personnelsafety.It iscalculated thatEuropean railwaysalone spendapproximately20billion eurosa yearon maintenance,including sendingmaintenancestaff,often atnight,to inspect and repairthe railinfrastructure.That canbe dangerousworkthat couldbe avoidedwith dronesassisting thecrews efforts.“including sendingmaintenance staff,often atnight,to inspectand repairthe railinfrastructuren对“maintenance”进行了解释,故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思,项与句中的对应故选C inspection andrepairinspectandrepair C【考例］（年全国甲卷，篇）22021C

9.What dothe underlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probably meanA.Be careful!B.Well done!C.No way!Dont worry!解析原文A fewminutes later,when Ilanded thetrick,my friendsbeat theirboardsloud,shouting:Safe!Safe!Safe!”And thatswhat本题可以用释义法解题根据画线部mattered—landing tricks,being agood skater.分后面的解释一（那才“And thafswhat matteredlanding tricks,being agood skater.是真正重要的掌握了滑板的落地技巧，才能成为一名好的滑板玩家）”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，由此可以推出本句的有“Safe”赞美之意，故选项B

2.利用构词法解题英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果，同时要结合文章的语境来猜测词义【考例】（年全国卷，篇）12016n B

27.What doesthe underlinedword“downside“in Paragraph4probably meanA.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.解析原文Encouraging thiskind of thinking has a downside.I ranthe riskof losingthosestudents whohad adifferent styleofthinking.Without failone woulddeclare,t4But Fmjust notcreative.5,是由（向下）+（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作downside“down side者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选项B【考例】（年福建卷，篇）22010B

60.The underlinedword“outlawed”in Paragraph2probably means“A.allowed B.banned C.offered D.refused解析:原文Five millionmore familiesin sub-Saharan Africawill geta TVover the（塔利班）next fiveyears.In2005,after thefall of the Talibanwhich hadoutlawed TV,9一1in5Afghans hadone.The globaltotal is another150million by2013pushing thenumbersto wellbeyond twothirds offamilies.本题可以利用构词法结合文意猜测词义作为前缀构成动词时，有“超越，“out”超过”的意思，与连用，意思是“超越了法律”，即为法律所不容再结合“law”句子（塔利班）,“In2005,after thefall of the Talibanwhich hadoutlawed TV,1in5可知，年塔利班政权垮台以后，五分之一的阿富汗人有了电Afghans hadone.2005视机，而在这之前电视应该是“被禁止的”有“禁止”之意故选项“ban”B

3.利用因果法解题若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义根据前面的原因可以推测后面的结果，根据后面的结果也可以反推前面的原因因果关系的语境通常由、sobecause、thus thereforeasa..•等标志词体现result ofsince sothat so/such...that【考例】（年全国卷，篇）12020n C

30.What doesthe underlinedword“collapsed in paragraph5probably meanA.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.解析原文The furtrade keptnutria incheck fbrdecades,but whenthe marketfornutria collapsedin thelate1980s,the cat-sized animalsmultiplied like crazy.由uThe furtrade keptnutria incheck fordecades v这一句可知，几十年来，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠的数量处于控制之下根据画线词后的“the cat-sized animalsmultiplied可知，这种大小像猫的动物开始疯狂地繁殖，由此推知含有画线词的这likecrazy”一句指出了原因世纪年代末海狸鼠市场“崩溃了”，故选项“2080D【考例】（年全国卷，篇）22019n B

25.What doesthe underlinedphrase“tug at the heartstrings^in Paragraph2mean A.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal tofeeling.C.Promote gooddeeds.D.Provide advice.解析原文I guessthat theresprobably somedemanding workschedule,or socialanxietyaround steppingup tohelp fbran unknownsport.She mayjust needa littlepersuading.So Itry again and tugattheheartstrings.I mention the singleparent withfourkids runningthe showand Italk aboutthe dadcoaching ateam thathis kidsarenteven on...At thispoint theunwilling parentspeaks up,Alright.Yes,Ill doit/5由逻辑词可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意画线部分的前一句“so”提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下，故utug atthe heartstringsv应该有“劝说”的意思意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”，故选项“appeal tofeeling”B

4.利用同义法解题画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该单词或短语的含义，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有、、、等当画and orlike aswell similarlytoo alsoeither线单词或短语与其他单词或短语由并列连词或者表示相同相似关系的副词连接时，意味着这两部分内容在含义上是接近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个单词或短语所属的语域，进而可推知其大致意思【考例】（年全国卷，篇）12020HI B

26.What doesthe underlinedphrase keeping tabs onin paragraph3probablymean A.Listing completely.B.Directing professionally.C.Promoting successfully.D.Watching carefully.解析原文One nonprofitorganization,which monitorsthe treatmentof animalsinfilmed entertainment,is keepingtabs onmore than2,000productions thisyear.根据One nonprofitorganization,which monitorsthe treatmentof animalsinfilmed entertainmentv可知，这个非营利组织旨在监督电影娱乐业对待动物的方式，所以下文应是表达“该组织今年正在密切关注2000多部电影产品”“keepingtabson”与umonitors（监控）”表达的意义相同，故选D项【考例］（年四川卷,篇）22015D

44.What doesthe underlinedword“nocturnal”in paragraph5meanA.Active atnight.B.Inactive atnight.C.Active duringthe day.D.Inactive duringthe day.解析原文And itis notjust robinsthat arebeing keptawake byartificial light.Blackbirds andseagulls arealso beingmore nocturnal.画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着，而（也）”“also表明这一句与前面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹏和海鸥也更活跃”应“nocturnal”该是的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”，故选项“awake”A

5.利用反义法解题运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词语与前面或后面的另一个词语互为反义或转折对比关系抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有、、（）、but yethowever whileunlike insteadof等on theother handrather thanonthecontrary【考例】（年新高考全国卷，篇）12020I D

54.What dothe words“a replicain paragraph2refer toA.A paintingoftheskeleton.B.A photographof Lucy.C.A copyoftheskeleton.D.A writtenrecord ofLucy.解析原文Even the Ethiopian publichas onlyseen Lucytwice.The Lucyonexhibition attheEthiopianNational Museumin thecapital,Addis Ababa,isareplicawhile thereal remains are usually locked ina secretstoreroom.由（而）”可知，本题可以使用反义法解题根据画线词后面的“while“while therealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom可知，while”前后构成转折对比关系，所以画线词与意思相反，意思应为“假的”，故答案为意思是“一“real”C,个骨骼的复制品”

6.利用语境法解题有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意【考例】（年全国甲卷，篇）12022C

28.Which ofthe followingbest explains“take theplunge underlinedinparagraph2A.Try challengingthings.B.Take adegree.C.Bring backlost memories.D.Stick toa promise.解析原文Ever sinceher childhood,Ginni,now71,has hada deeplove for（职业）travel.Throughout hercareer asa professionaldancer,she touredintheUK,butalways longedto explorefurther.When sheretired fromdancing andher sonseventuallyflew thenest,she decidedit wastime totake theplunge.根据上下文语境可知，一直渴望深入探索世界根据画线短语所在的句Girnii子可知，当她退休且她的儿子们独立生活后，她就有时间去做这些事情了所以此处与画线短语意思相近的选项为表示做一些有挑战性的事情故选A,Ao【考例】（年新高考卷，篇）22022n B

24.What dothe underlinedwords hithome for me meaninparagraph2A.Provided shelterforme.B.Became veryclear tome.C.Took thepressure offme.D.Worked quitewell onme.解析原文We journalistslive ina newage ofstorytelling,with manynewmultimedia tools.Many youngpeople donteven realizeits new.For them,its justnormal.This hithome forme asI wassitting withmy2-year-old grandsononasofa overtheSpring Festivalholiday.I hadbrought achildrens bookto read.It hadsimple words一and colorfulpictures aperfect matchfor hisage.根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的对他们来说，这很正常而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点故画线词意思是“我很清楚”故选B

7.利用常识解题当仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义【考例】（年江苏卷，篇）2020C

61.The underlinedexpression“stomach it”inparagraph1most probablymeans A.digest themeal easilyB.manage withoutbreakfastC.decide wiselywhat toeat D.eat whateveris offered解析原文For thosewho canstomach it,working outbefore breakfastmay bemorebeneficial forhealth thaneating first,according toa studyof mealtiming andphysicalactivity.此题考查的生僻意思根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭“stomach”是受不了的，所以此处意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选项B。