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虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的某种愿望、假设怀疑、猜测、建议等,常用于纯属假设或实现的可能性不大的情况
一、非真实条件状语从句中的虚拟语气if.对现在的虚拟,表示与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时动词用主1if bewere,句用动词原形would/could/should/might+」If I were youwould buythat house.If hehad time,he wouldgo withyou..对过去的虚拟,表示与过去事实相反从句用过去分词,主句用2if had+过去分词would/could/should/might+have+.如果他If hehad takenmy advice,he would have succeededin passingthe examination听取我的建议,他会成功通过考试的.对将来的虚拟,表示与将来事实相反从句用一般过去时、动词原形、3if were to+动词原形,主句用动词原形should+woud/could/should/might+If itshould snowtomorrow,they couldntgo out.If itwere torain tomorrow,the footballmatch would be putoff..省略的虚拟条件句当虚拟条件句中有或时,可以省略且把4if should,had wereif,或提至主语前,变为倒装句式should,had wereHad he seenyou yesterday,he would have returnedyour book.Should itrain tomorrow,the sportsmeeting would be putoff..混合虚拟语气当条件从句和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时,就形成了5混合虚拟语气此时,从句和主句根据各自谓语动作发生的时间不同,采用相应的谓语动词形式.如果当时听我的劝告,If youhad takenmy advicethen,you wouldntbe introuble now你现在就不会有麻烦了从句指过去,主句指现在
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法表示“命令、建议、要求”等的动词,如、1suggest,order,insist demandrequire等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形”advise“should+I suggestthat we should setoff atonce.He insisted that Ishould cometo hisoffice atone oclock.注意表示“暗示,表明”,表示“坚持认为,坚持说”时,其后的从suggest insist句不用虚拟语气The smileon hisface suggested that heagreed tothis plan.The boyinsistedthathe hadntbroken thewindow.后的宾语从句中,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与2wish过去事实相反,用动词原形”表示与将来事实相反would/could/might+1wish Iwere tenyears younger.1wish Ihad knownthe answerto thequestion.I wish I couldfly tothe moonsome day.后的宾语从句中,用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反,用过3would rather去完成时表示与过去事实相反.我宁愿你明天来1would ratherthat youcame tomorrow
三、拟语气在表语从句和同位语从旬中的用法我宁愿你没有告诉他1would ratherthat youhadnt toldhim.在表示“愿望、建议、命令、主张、要求”等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气,谓语动词用nshould+动词原形”常见名词有等suggestion/advice/demand/requirement/order/insistence/proposalMy adviceis thatyou shouldquitsmokingHe gaveadvice that weshouldmake gooduse oftime.
四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,表示要求、建议、必要、命令等意思的形容词或分词主语从句动It s++that should+词原形,如requested/suggested./advised/proposed/natural/surprising/essential/等important/necessary/urgentIt issuggestedthatparents shouldspend moretime withtheir childrenalone.从句,从句一般用动词It is+pity/no wonder/a rule/a shame/a surprise...+that should+原形Its a rule thateveryone shouldobeythe laws.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法要是…就好了!引导的从句中需用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反if onlyhad done;与现在事实相反与将来事实相反did/were;would/could do.要是我像你一样聪明就好了!If onlyIwereas cleveras you!习题
一、选择题
1.If Ihad hadenough time,I mywork.
2.A.would finishB.must havefinished C.would havefinished finishedA.write B.written C.would writeD.will write
3.Mr Greenrequires that the studentsa compositionevery otherweek.A.would passB.could passC.had passedD.would havepassed
4.Hadhestudied hard,he the exam.A.know B.known C.knew D.should know
4.1wishIwhat ishappening therein hisroom.A.should haveB.would haveC.must haveD.will have
5.It isimportant thatyou sportsevery day.A.will dieB.would dieC.would havedied D.wouldhave been dead
6.If therewere nowater in the world,everything
7.what wasgoing tohappen,I wouldnever haveleft heralone.A.If Ihad knownB.If Iknow C.If IknewA.should finishB.finished C.would be finished D.should befinished
8.He orderedthatthework rightaway.
9.Shall wego tothe movietonight一-No,Fd ratherat homewith ourbaby.You*d betternot leaveit tothe babysitterat night.A.you stayedB.you stayC.stayed D.stay
10.1n yourposition,I wouldhelp him.A.If Iwas B.If Iwere C.If Iam D.If Ihad been
11.1f youhad spokenclearly,I would.A.understand itB.have understoodC.be understoodD.havebeenunderstood
12.If youthat latemovie lastnight,you wouldntbe sosleepy.A.havent watchedB.hadnt watchedC.didn*t watchD.wouldnt havewatched
13.The teacherdemanded thattheexambefore eleven.A.must finishB.wouldbefinished C.befinished
14.Had youD.must befinishedlistened tothe doctor,you allright now.D.wouldhavebeenA.are B.were C.wouldbe
15.tomorrow,he wouldget thereby Friday.A.If hewereto leave B.Was heleaving C.If hewould leave
16.If onlyI D.Ifhe leavemywatch!A.hadn5t lostB.havent lostC.didnt lostD.dont lose
17.Ed ratheryou rightaway.A.leave B.left C.will leaveD.toleave
18.It isarulethatweintheschool.D.keptA.will keepquiet B.keeping quietC.should keepquiet
19.He wishesmistakes.A.he doesntalways makeB.he isntalways makingC.he didntalways makeD.he wouldntalways making
20.The suggestionthe basketballgame putoff hasbeen madeA.for;to B.that;is C.that;should beD.to;being。