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年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考全国卷)2023I英语学科本试卷共12页考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回注意事项
1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工・整、笔迹清楚
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑
5.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀第一部分听力(120小题)在笔试结束后进行・第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题
2.5分,满分
37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的、、、四个选项中选出最佳选项A BC DABikeRentalGuided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam,welcome toMacBike.You seemuch morefrom theseat of a bike!Cycling is the mosteconomical,sustainable andfun way to explorethe city,with itsbeautiful canals,parks,squares andcountless lights.Youcan alsobike alonglovely landscapesoutside ofAmsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBikehas beenaround foralmost30years andis the biggest bicyclerental companyin Amsterdam.With over2,500bikes storedin ourfive rental shops atstrategic locations,we makesure thereis alwaysa bikeavailable foryou.We(杀车),offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,including basicbikes withfoot brakeU bikes with hand brake and(挡),gears#F bikes with child seats,and childrensbikes.PricesHand Brake,Three GearsFoot Brake,No Gears1hour€
7.50€
5.003hours€
11.00€
7.50D・Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E.It doesntmean you have toignore whafshappened orforget it.F.Whatever itis no matter how small it might seem,write itdown.G.Whatever the mistake,remember itisnt afixed aspectof your personality.【答案】
16.D
17.B
18.F
19.C
20.G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕,并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为,人们可以学会原谅自己的错误,并从中成长【题详解】16根据空前内容u Taking responsibility fbr mistakes is a positive step,but dontbeat yourselfup aboutthem.To err(犯错).(为错误承担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责人孰能无过)”可知,作者认为人都会犯is human错,勇于承担责任固然重要,但是也不要因此而过于自责结合空后“You canuse the following writingexercise to(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的以及下文内容可推断,空处help youdo this.“do this”应该内容和“不要太自责”相似选项.(宽恕自己也同D Itsjust asimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近,起承上启下的作用故选D【题详解】17根据空前内容(在日记或纸上写上“个人优“In ajournal oron apiece ofpaper,put theheading Personalstrengths.点“以及空后内容“Are youcaring CreativeGenerous Agood listener Fun to be around They dont have to be.(你有爱心吗?有创造力吗?你慷慨吗?是一world-changing,just aspects of your personality that youre proud of个好的倾听者?与人相处很有趣吗?它们不一定要改变世界,只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知,空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点选项B uNow list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容,下文内容具体解释那些是优点故选Bo【题详解】18根据上文内容“At thetop of a secondpage,put theheading Acts of kindness.On thisone,list all the positivethingsyouve donefbr others.It mightbe the time when you helpeda friendwith theirhomework,when youdid theironing(在第二页的顶部,写上“善举”without being asked,or whenyou bakedcookies after the familyhad hada tiringday.的标题在这张单子上,列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候,当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候,或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知,本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事选项F uWhatever itis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,write it(不管是什么,不管它看起来有多小,都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致,讲述的是不管你所做的事情down.不管有多小,只要是好的事情,都记下来故选F【题详解】19根据空后内容“That way,you couldexchange thoughtson whatmakes each of you special and the aspectsof your(这样,你们就可以交换意见,谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同,以及你们个personality that shine through.性中闪光的方面)”可知,空处提到了某种方式,这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等选项C“They might(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境,项中的与空前even liketo have a goat doing the exercise.C“they”的“You couldask a friend or family memberto helpadd toyourlist.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容)”中的保持一致,同时选项和下文“a friend orfamily member”C“In fact,dont waituntil youvemade amistake to try this(事实上,不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个一一这是一个—its agreat way to boostself-confidence atany time.在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的一致故选“this”C【题详解】20根据空前内容(陈词滥调)“Its somethingofacliche thatmost peoplelearn notfrom theirsuccesses but their mistakes.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习,而是从他们的错误中学习,这是陈词滥调但事实是,The thingis,ifs true.这是真的)”可知,作者认为人是从错误中学习选项G Whateverthemistake,remember itisn,tafixed aspectof your(不管你犯了什么错误,记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境,项中的personality.G“isnt afixed aspectof yourpersonality”和空后内容“We,re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致,指的都是犯错并不是and grow.性格中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长故选G第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项On Oct.11,hundreds ofrunners competedin across-country racein Minnesota.Melanie Baileyshould have21the courseearlier than she did.Her22came becauseshe wascarrying a23across the finish line.As reportedby alocal newspaper,Bailey wasmore thantwo-thirds of the waythrough her24when arunner infront ofherbegan cryingin pain.She25to helpher fellowrunner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey tookher armto seeif shecould walkforwardwith26,She couldntBailey then27to let Lenoueclimb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line,then another300feet towhere Lenouecould get28attention.Once there,Lenoue was29and later taken to a hospital,where shelearned thatshe hadserious injuriesinone ofher knees.She wouldhave struggledwith extreme30to make it tothat aidcheckpoint withoutBaileyshelp.As forBailey,she ismore31about whyher actis considereda big
32.“She was just crying.I couldnt33her,“Bailey toldthe reporter.feel like I was just doing the right thing.^^C
32.D
33.A
34.C
35.Bwon therace,butthe_35of humankindness won the day.
21.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished
22.A.delay B.chance C.trouble D.excuse
23.A.judge B.volunteer C.classmate D.competitor
24.A.race B.school C.town D.training
25.A.agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised26A.courage B.aid C.patience D.advice
27.A.went awayB.stood upC.stepped asideD.bent down
28.A.medical B.public C.constant D.equal
29.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated
30.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness
31.A.worried B.ashamed C.confused D.discouraged
32.A.game B.problem C.lesson D.deal
33.A.leave B.cure C.bother D.understand
34.A.ride B.test C.meet
28.AD
2.9sh.oBw
30.B
31.
35.A.secret B.display C.benefit D.exchange、Although thetwo young women were strangers beforethe34theyve sincebecome friends.Neither【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中,背着另一Melanie Bailey个参赛者过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举Danielle Lenoue题详解】[21考查动词词义辨析句意应该更早完成比赛设计;跟随;Melanie Bailey A.designed B.followed C.changed改变;D.finished完成根据下一段的ucarried herall the wayto thefinishline,then another300feet towhereLenoue could get8attention,,可知,Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者,所以完成比赛晚了,因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey【答案】
21.D
22.A
23.D
24.A
25.C
26.B
27.D应该更早完成比赛”故选D【题详解】22考查名词词义辨析句意她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线延误;机会;A.delay B.chance C.麻烦;借口根据上文trouble D.excuse“Melanie Baileyshould have1the courseearlier和上一题的解析可知,应该更早完成比赛,她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过thanshedid”Melanie Bailey终点线故选A题详解】[23考查名词词义辨析句意她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线裁判;志愿者;A.judge B.volunteer同学;参赛者根据第一段的可知,C.classmate D.competitor“hundreds ofrunners competedin acrosscountryrace”她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线故选D【题详解】24考查名词词义辨析句意据当地一家报纸报道,当跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候,她前面的一名选手Bailey开始痛苦地哭泣比赛;学校;城镇;训练根据第一段的A.race B.school C.town D.training可知,此处是说“当跑至」比赛的三分之二多的“hundreds ofrunners competedin across-country race”Bailey I时候”故选A题详解】[25考查动词词义辨析句意她停下来帮助她的同伴同意;回来;Danielle Lenoue A.agreed B.returned C.stopped停止;D.promised答应根据下文^to helpher fellowrunnerv可知,她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue故选Coo【题详解】26考查名词词义辨析句意扶着她的胳膊,看看她能否帮助下向前走勇气;帮助;Bailey A.courage B.aid C.patience耐心;建议根据上文可知,此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走故选D.advice“Bailey tookher arm”B【题详解】27考查动词短语辨析句意然后弯下腰,让爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了Bailey Lenoue英尺,到接受治疗的地方离开;站起来;让路;300Lenoue A.went awayB.stood upC.stepped asideD.bent down弯腰根据下文可知,弯下腰,让勒诺爬到她的背上故选“letLenoue climb ontoher back”Bailey D【题详解】28考查形容词词义辨析句意然后弯下腰,让爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走Bailey Lenoue了英尺,到接受治疗的地方医疗的;公众的;持续不断的;300LenoueA.medical B.public C.constant D.equal平等的根据上文可知,很疼,所以是要接受治“began cryingin pain”Danielle Lenoue疗,意为“医疗救助”故选medical attentionA【题详解】29考查动词词义辨析句意在那里接受了检查,后来被送往医院,在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重Lenoue伤打断;评估;识别;感激根据下文A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated“latertakento ahospital可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受评估故选B【题详解】30考查名词词义辨析句意如果没有的帮助,她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站BaileyA.饥饿;疼痛;感冒;疲劳根据第空前的可知,此处表hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness5“began cryingin pain”示“如果没有的帮助,她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”故选Bailey B【题详解】31考查形容词词义辨析句意至于她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事担心的;Bailey,A.worried B.惭愧的;困惑的;泄气的根据下文ashamed C.confused D.discouraged“I feellike I wasjustdoingthe right things可知,觉得自己只是做了正确的事情,所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑故选Bailey C【题详解】32考查名词词义辨析句意至于她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事游戏;Bailey,A.game B.problem问题;课;交易,局面根据下文可知,觉得自C.lesson D.deal“I feellikeI wasjustdoingtherightthing”Bailey己只是做了正确的事情,所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑,意为“非常重要的事”故选a bigdealD题详解】[33考查动词词义辨析句意我不能离开她离开;治愈;打.扰;理解根A.leave B.cure C.bother D.understand据上文以及爬到她的背上,一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了英尺可知,“She wasjust crying”Lenoue300看见哭喊,所以觉得不能离开她故选Bailey LenoueA【题详解】34考查名词词义辨析句意虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人,但后来她们成了朋友短A.ride途旅程;测试;体育比赛;展示根据第一段B.test C.meet D.show“hundreds ofrunners competedin across-countryracev及空前的uthe twoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforev可知,当时是一场比赛,句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”故选C【题详解】35考查名词词义辨析句意两人都没有赢得比赛,但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利秘密;A.secret B.展示;利益;交换根据第二段的display C.benefit D.exchange letLenoueclimbontoherback andcarriedherallthe可知,wayto thefinishline,then another300feet towhere Lenouecouldget8attention背着一个参赛者过终点,并背她去接受检查,这展示了人类的善良故选Bailey B第二节共10小题;每小题
1.5分,满分15分阅读下面短文,在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1Xiao longbao soup dumplings,those amazingconstructions ofdelicate dumplingwrappers,encasing hot,36taste soupand sweet,fresh meat,are farand awaymy favoriteChinese streetfood.The dumplingsarrivesteaming anddangerously hot.To eatone,you haveto decidewhether37bite a small holein itfirst,releasing thestream溢出,and riskinga spill38to put the wholedumpling inyour mouth,lettingthe hotsoup explodeon yourtongue.Shanghai maybe the39recognize homeof the soupdumplingsbutfood historianswill actuallypoint you totheneighboring canaltown ofNanxiang asXiao longhaos birthplace.There youwillfind themprepared differently-more dumplingand lesssoup,and thewrappers arepressed40hand ratherthan rolled.Nanxiang aside,the bestXiao longbao havea fineskin,allowing them41lift outof thesteamer basketwithout allowingthem tearingor spillingany of42theycontents.The meatshould befresh with43touch ofsweetness andthesouphot,clear anddelicious.No matterwhere Ibuy them,one steameris44rare enough,yet twoseems greedy,so I am alwaysleft45want morenexttime.【答案】
36.tasty
37.to bite
38.or
39.recognized
40.by
41.to be lifted
42.their
43.a
44.rarely
45.wanting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包,讲述了小笼包美味,发源地以及制作方法寺寺O【题详解】36考查形容词句意小笼包汤包,那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃形容词需修饰后面的名词汤,故空格需用“美味的”作定语,故填soup tastytasty【题详解】37考查非谓语动词句意吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面并列作宾语,decide to do sthtoput故填to bite【题详解】38考查连词句意吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸”是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填久whether…or…【题详解】39考查非谓语动词句意上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地空格在名词前面作定语,与是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词home recognizehome recognized作定语,“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语故填recognized recognized【题详解】40考查介词句意在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同一一更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填by handby题详解】[41考查非谓语动词句意除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西根据搭配“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,allow sb.to dosth.补足语与宾语(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式故填lift outthem to be liftedoto belifted【题详解】42考查代词句意除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西修饰后面的名词(东西)需用形容词性物主代词故填contents theirtheiro o【题详解】43考查冠词句意肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的一点点;稍许”,a touchof常用搭配,“轻微;稍许”常用作单数故填touch a【题详解】44考查副词句意无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买修饰形容词用副词作状语,“少有”,故填rarely rarely【题详解】45考查非谓语动词句意无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买分析句子可知,此处考查宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,是主语补足语,根据句意,与“leave sb+want Iwant之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词故填wanting wanting第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华,外教准备将学生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题
46.Ryan请你给外教写一封邮件,内容包括;说明问题;
1.提出建议
2.注意:写作词数应为个左右
1.80请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
2.Dear Ryan,Im Li Hua fromClass
3.Yours sincerely,Li Hua【答案】Dear Ryan,Im LiHua fromClass
3.I thinkits nota goodidea torandomly pairup studentsfor thespoken Englishtraining afterclass.The reasonsare asfollows.To beginwith,randomly pairingup students may leadto unbalancedlanguage abilitieswithin the groups.This canhinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation,leaving littleroom forthe otherstudents to improve.Besides,studentsmayfeel uncomfortableor lessmotivated ifpaired withsomeone whothey dontgetalong with or havedifficulty communicatingwith.My suggestionis togroup studentsbased on their languageabilities orto letstudents choosetheir own partners.This way,everyone canfeel morecomfortable practicingand improvingtheir spokenEnglish together.Thank youforconsidering mysuggestion.Yours sincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇是应用文写作,要求考生给外教写一封邮件,告诉他将学生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题【详解】词汇积累
1.首先to beginwith—first ofall提高improve—progress建议suggestion—advice选择一choose select句式拓展
2.简单句变复合句原句My suggestionis togroup studentsbased ontheir languageabilities orto letstudents choosetheir ownpartners.拓展句My suggestionis thatwe aresupposed togroup studentsbased ontheir languageabilities orto letstudents choosetheir ownpartners.【点睛】[高分句型1]This canhindertheprogressofstudentsas themoreadvancedonemaydominatetheconversation,leaving littleroom for(运用了现在分词作状语)the otherstudentstoimprove.[高分句型2]Besides,Students mayfeel uncomfortableor lessmotivated ifpaired withsomeone whothey dontget alongwithorhave(运用了省略句和引导定语从句)第二节(满分25分)difficulty communicatingwith.who阅读下面材,料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文
47.When I was inmiddle school,my socialstudies teacherasked meto entera writing contest.I saidno withoutthinking.I didnot lovewriting.My familycame fromBrazil,so Englishwas onlymy secondlanguage.Writing wasso difficultandpainful for me thatmy teacherhad allowedmetopresent mypaper onthe sinkingof theTitanic byacting out a play,whereI playedalltheparts.No onelaughed harderthan hedid.So,why didhe suddenlyforce metodosomething atwhich Iwas sureto failHis reply:Because Ilove yourstories.If yourewilling toapply yourself,I thinkyouhavea goodshot atthis.Encouraged byhis words,I agreedto giveit atry.作艮匠)I chosePaul Reveredhorse asmy subject.Paul Reverewas asilversmith inBoston whorode ahorse atnighton April18,1775to Lexingtonto warnpeople thatBritish soldierswere coming.My storywould comestraight from thehorses mouth.Not abrilliant idea,but funny;and unlikelytobe anyone elseschoice.What did the horsethink,as hesped throughthe nightDid heget tiredHave doubtsDid hewant to quit Isympathizedimmediately.I gottired.I haddoubts.I wantedtoquit.But,like Reveredhorse,I keptgoing.I workedhard.Ichecked myspelling.T askedmy oldersister tocorrect mygrammar.I checkedoutahalf dozenbooks onPaul Reverefromthe library.I evenread afew of them.When Ihanded in the essayto myteacher,he readit,laughed outloud,and said,Great.Now,write itagain.”I wroteitagain,and again and again.When Ifinally finishedit,the thoughtof winninghad givenwaytothe enjoymentof writing.If I didnt win,I wouldntcare.注意续写词数应为个左右;
1.150请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
2.A few weeks later,when Ialmost forgotthe contest,there camethe news.I wentto myteachers officeafter theaward presentation.【答案】A few weeks later,when Ialmost forgotthe contest,there camethe news.Iwasinformed thatI wonthe first prize in the writingcontest and that there would bean award presentation in two days.Iwasso happyto hearthenews thatI immediatelyshared itwith myteacher.knew youdwin!I amproudofyou.You madeit!”he saidexcitedly.Then camethe bigday.When Iwas invitedtothestage toreceive theaward,I expressedmy thanksto myteacher.I said,Its youwho makeme fallin lovewith writing,my socialstudies teacher.Without yourrecognition andguidance,Icouldnt havewritten thisarticle.Again thankyou verymuch!”I wentto myteacher9s officeaftertheaward presentation.My teacherwas waitingforme.Holding myhands,he saidCongratulations!You area goodwriter,so keepwriting.”“You knowIdidntlike writingbefore,but nowI amcrazy aboutit!I willtry mybest tocreate goodworks.I saidseriously.Since then,I havewritten manygood1day24hours€
14.75€
9.75Each additionalday€
8.00€
6.00Guided CityToursThe
2.5-hour tourcovers theGooyer Windmill,the SkinnyBridge,the Rijksmuseum,Heineken Breweryandmuch more.The tourdeparts fromDam Squareevery houronthehour,starting at1:00pm everyday.You canbuy yourticketin aMacBike shopor bookonline.A.It giveschildren adiscount.B.It ofoffers manytypes ofbikes.
1.What isan advantageof MacBikeC.It organizesfree cycletours.D.It hasover2,500rentalshops.A.€
15.
75.B.€
19.
50.C.€
22.
75.D.€
29.
50.
3.Where doesthe guidedcity tourstartA.The Gooyer,Windmill.B.The SkinnyBridge.C.Heineken Brewery.D.Dam Square.【答案】l.B
2.C
3.D【解析】
2.How muchdo youpay forrenting abike withhand brakeand threegears fortwo days【导语】本文是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式,价格等细节【题详解】1推理判断题根据文章第二段(刹“We offerthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,including basicbikes withfoot brake车),(排挡),(我们提供种类繁多的bikeswithhandbrakeand gearsbikeswithchildseats,and childrensbikes.最新自行车,包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知,的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车故选MacBike B【题详解】2细节理解题根据定价表可知,租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要欧元,额外增加天数每天欧元
14.758所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要欧元故选
14.75+8=
22.75C【题详解】3细节理解题根据文章最后一段“The tourdeparts fromDam Squareevery houronthehour,starting at1:00pm every.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发,每天下午点开始)”可知,导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始故day1选D worksand nowIama famouswriter.I owemy successto my social teacherwho isa beaconin mylife onthe roadto writing.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者上中学的时候,社会学老师邀请作者参加一个写作比赛作者不喜欢写作,于是想都没想就拒绝了但是在老师的鼓励下,作者同意试一试作者在写作过程中虽然很累,但是没有放弃,坚持下来了在作者最终完成写作时,作者感到写作让他很快乐,他已经不在乎输赢了【详解】.段落续写1
①由第一段首句内容“几个星期后,当我几乎忘记比赛的时候,传来了消息”和第二段首句“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室”可知,第一段可描写作者获得比赛一等奖,在颁奖典礼上作者表达了对社会老师的感激
②由第二段首句内容“颁奖后我去了老师的办公室”可知,第二段可描写老师鼓励作者继续写作,自此作者坚持写作取得了成功,作者将这一切归功于自己的老师续写线索比赛消息传来一一作者获奖一一高兴一一颁奖典礼感谢老师一一颁奖后来到老师办公室一一老师
2.告诉作者坚持写作一一作者表达了对写作的喜爱一一作者写作取得了成功一一感激老师.词汇激活
3.行为类
①告知inform/tell
②成功做到makeit/succeed
③表达express/convey情绪类
①高兴的叩h py/glad
②激动地excitedly/with excitement【点睛1[高分句型1]Iwasinformed thatI wonthefirstprizein thewritingcontestandthat therewouldbeanaward(运用了由连接词引导的宾语从句)presentationintwodays.that[高分句型(运用了强调句)2]Its youwho makeme fallin lovewith writing,mysocialstudies teacher.[高分句型(运用了3]I owemy successto mysocial teacherwho isa beaconin mylife onthe roadtowriting.who引导的限制性定语从句)When John Todd wasa child,he lovedto explorethe woodsaround hishouse,observing hownature solved problems.A dirtystream,for example,often becameclear afterflowing throughplants andalong rockswhere tiny creatures lived.When hegot older,John startedto wonderif thisprocess could be usedto cleanup themesses people were making.After studyingagriculture,medicine,and fisheriesin college,John wentback toobserving natureand asking(细菌)?questions.Why cancertain plantstrap harmfulbacteria Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicalsWiththerightcombination ofanimals andplants,he figured,maybe hecould cleanup wastethewaynature did.Hedecided to build what he wouldlater callan eco-machine.(污泥).The taskJohn setfor himselfwas toremove harmfulsubstances fromsome sludgeFirst,he constructedaseries ofclear fiberglasstanks connectedto each other.Then hewent aroundto localponds andstreams andbrought backsomeplants and animals.He placedthem inthe tanksand waited.Little bylittle,these differentkinds oflife gotused tooneanother andformed their own ecosystem.After afewweeks,John addedthe sludge.He wasamazed atthe results.The plants and animalsinthe eco-machine tookthe sludgeas foodand began to eat it!Within weeks,it hadall beendigested,and allthat wasleft waspure water.(污Over the years,John hastaken onmany bigjobs.He developeda greenhouse—like facility that treated sewage水)from1,600homes inSouth Burlington.He alsodesigned aneco-machine to clean canalwater inFuzhou,a cityinsoutheast China.Ecological design^^isthename Johngives towhathedoes.Life onEarth iskind ofa boxof spareparts fortheinventor,“he says.You putorganisms innew relationshipsand observewhats happening.Then youlet these newsystems developtheirownways toself-repair.^
4.What canwe learnabout Johnfrom thefirst twoparagraphsA.He wasfond oftraveling.B.He enjoyedbeing alone.C.He hadan inquiringmind.D.He longedtobea doctor.
5.Why didJohn put the sludgeinto thetanksA.To feedthe animals.B.To build an ecosystem.C.To protectthe plants.D.To testtheeco-machine.
6.What isthe authorspurpose inmentioning FuzhouA.To reviewJohns researchplans.B.To showan applicationof Johnsidea.C.To compareJohns differentjobs.D.To erasedoubts aboutJohns invention.
7.What isthe basisfor JohnsworkA.Nature canrepair itself.B.Organisms needwater tosurvive.C.Life onEarth isdiverse.D.Most tinycreatures livein groups.【答案】
4.C
5.D
6.B
7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文章讲述了从小就很爱思考且好学,他建造了一个生态机器,利用自然JohnTodd可以自我修复的原理来净化污水【题详解】4细节理解题根据第一段When JohnTodd wasa child,he lovedto explorethe woodsaround hishouse,observing hownaturesolvedproblems.A dirtystream,for example,often becameclear afterflowing throughplantsandalong rockswheretinycreatureslived.When hegot older,John startedto wonderif thisprocess couldbe usedtocleanup themesses.(当约翰•托德还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然是如何解决问peopleweremaking题的例如,一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后,往往会变得清澈长大后,约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段After studyingagriculture,medicine,and fisheriesin(细菌)college,John wentback toobserving natureand askingquestions.Why cancertain plantstrap harmfulbacteria(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰又回到了观察Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing chemicals自然和提出问题的生活中为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌?哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质?)”可知,约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强故选C【题详解】5细节理解题根据第三段.(几个星期后,约翰把污泥加了进去)”以“After afewweeks,John addedthe sludge及侄数第三段“He wasamazed atthe results.The plantsandanimalsintheeco-machine tookthe sludgeas foodand(他对结果感到惊讶生态begantoeatit!Within weeks,it hadall beendigested,and allthat wasleft waspure water.机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物,开始吃了起来!几周之内,它就被消化了,只剩下纯净水)”可知,约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器故选D【题详解】6推理判断题根据倒数第二段u Overtheyears,John hastaken onmany bigjobs.He developeda greenhouse——like亏水)facilitythattreatedsewagefrom1,600homes inSouth Burlington.He alsodesigned aneco-machine toclean canal(这些年来,约翰承担了许多重大工作他开发了一个类似温室的设施,water inFuzhou,a cityin southeastChina.可以处理来自南伯灵顿户家庭的污水他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”1600可推知,作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用故选B【题详解】7推理判断题根据最后——段“You putorganisms innew relationshipsand observewhafs happening.Then youlet.(你把生物体放在新的关系中,观察会发生什么然后让thesenewsystems developtheirownways toself-repair这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知,约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复故选ACThe goalof this book isto makethe casefor digital minimalism,including adetailed explorationof what it asks andwhy itworks,and thento teachyou howto adoptthis philosophyif youdecide ifsright fbryou.To doso,I dividedthe bookinto twoparts.In partone,I describe the philosophicalfoundations ofdigital minimalism,starting withan examinationof theforces thatare makingso manypeoples digitallives increasinglyintolerable,beforemoving ontoadetailed discussionof the digitalminimalismphilosophy.Part oneconcludes byintroducing mysuggested methodfor adoptingthis philosophy:thedigital declutter.Thisprocess requires youto step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At theend of the thirty days,you willthenadd backasmall number of carefully chosen online activities thatyou believe willprovide massivebenefits tothe thingsyou value.In the final chapter of partone,ril guideyou throughcarrying outyour owndigitaldeclutter.In doingso,Ill drawonan experiment I ran in2018in whichover1,600people agreedto performa digitaldeclutter.Youll hearthese participants9stories andlearn whatstrategies workedwell forthem,and whattraps theyencountered thatyou shouldavoid.(培养)The secondpart of thisbooktakesacloser lookat someideas thatwill help you cultivatea sustainabledigital(独处)minimalism lifestyle.In thesechapters,I examineissues suchastheimportance ofsolitude andthe necessityofcultivating high-quality leisureto replacethetimemost nowspend onmindless deviceuse.Each chapterconcludes withacollection ofpractices,which aredesigned to help youact onthebigideas of the chapter.You canview thesepractices asa toolbox meant to aid your efforts tobuilda minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
8.What isthe bookaimed atA.Teaching criticalthinking skills.B.Advocating asimple digitallifestyle.C.Solving philosophicalproblems.D.Promoting theuse ofa digitaldevice.9What doesthe underlinedword“declutter inparagraph3meanA.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.
10.What ispresented inthefinal chapterof part oneA.Theoretical models.B.Statistical methods.C.Practical examples.D.Historical analyses.
11.What doesthe authorsuggest readersdo withthe practicesoffered inpart twoA.Use themas needed.B.Recommend themto friends.C.Evaluate theireffects.D.Identify theideas behindthem.【答案】
8.B
9.A
10.C
11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点,倡导简单的数字生活方式题详解】8细节理解题根据文章第一段“The goalofthisbook isto makethe casefor digitalminimalism,including adetailedexploration of whatitasksandwhy itworks,and thento teachyou howto adoptthis philosophyif youdecide ifsright for(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然后如果你认为它适合你,you.教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式故选I,Bo【题详解】9词句猜测题根据画线词下文“This processrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Atthe endof thethirtydays,you willthen addbackasmallnumber ofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewill(这个过程要求你在天内远离可选的在线活动在天结束provide massivebenefits tothe thingsyouvalue.3030的时候,你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知,画线词的意思是“清理”,对在线活动进行清理和挑选故选declutter A【题详解】10推理判断题通过文章第四段“In thefinalchapterofpartone,Til guideyou throughcarrying outyour owndigitaldeclutter.In doingso,Ill drawon anexperimentIranin2018in whichover1,600people agreedto performa digitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中,我将指导您进行自己的数字清理在这样做的过程中,我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验,在该实验中,多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知,第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与1600数字清理的实际例子故选C【题详解】11推理判断题通过文章最后一段“You canview thesepractices asatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuilda(你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱,旨在帮助你minimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知,作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践故选AOn March7,1907,the Englishstatistician FrancisGalton publisheda paperwhich illustratedwhat hascome tobeknown asthe wisdomof crowdseffect.The experimentof estimationhe conductedshowed thatin somecases,theaverage ofa largenumber of independent estimatescouldbequite accurate.This effectcapitalizes onthe factthat whenpeople makeerrors,those errors arent alwaysthe same.Some peoplewilltend to overestimate,and someto underestimate.When enoughof theseerrors areaveraged together,they cancel eachother out,resulting ina more accurate estimate.If peopleare similarand tend to makethe sameerrors,then theirerrorswont canceleach other out.In moretechnical terms,the wisdomof crowdsrequires thatpeoples estimatesbe independent.If forwhatever reasons,peoples errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracyof theestimate willgo down.(转折)But anew studyled byJoaquin Navajasoffered aninteresting twiston thisclassic phenomenon.The keyfindingof thestudy was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to havea discussion,the averagesfrom these groups were more accurate than those from an equal numberofindependent individuals.Forinstance,the averageobtained fromthe estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly moreaccurate thanthe averageobtained from20independent individuals.In afollow-up studywith100university students,the researcherstried toget abetter senseofwhat the groupmembersactually didin theirdiscussion.Did theytend togo withthose mostconfident abouttheir estimates Did theyfollowthose leastwilling tochange theirminds Thishappened someofthetime,but itwasnt thedominant response.Most frequently,thegroupsreported thatthey“shared argumentsand reasonedtogether.Somehow,these argumentsandreasoning resultedinaglobal reductionin error.Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questionsremain thepotential implicationsfor groupdiscussion anddecision-making areenormous.
12.What isparagraph2ofthetext mainlyaboutA.The methodsof estimation.B.The underlyinglogic ofthe effect.C.The causesof peopleserrors.D.The designof Galtonsexperiment.A.the crowdswere relativelysmall B.there wereoccasional underestimates
13.Navajas9study foundthatthe average accuracycould increaseeven ifC.individuals didnot communicateD.estimates werenot fullyindependentA.The sizeofthegroups.B.The dominantmembers.
14.What didthefollow-up studyfocus onC.The discussionprocess.D.The individualestimates.15What isthe authorsattitude towardNavajas9studiesA.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.【答案】
12.B
13.D
14.C
15.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文没有人是一座孤岛,文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应实验表明,在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的【题详解】12主旨大意题根据第二段内容“This effectcapitalizes onthe factthat whenpeople makeerrors,those errorsarent alwaysthesame.Some peoplewill tendtooverestimate,and cometo underestimate.When enoughof theseerrorsareaveragedtogether,they canceleachotherout,resulting ina moreaccurate estimate.If peopleare similarand tendto makethe sameerrors,then theirerrors wontcanceleachotherout.In moretechnical terms,the wisdomof crowdsrequires thatpeoplesestimates beindependent.If fbrwhatever reasons,people serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,the accuracyofthe(这种效应利用了这样一个事实,即当人们犯错误时,这些错误并不总是相同的有些人estimate willgo down.常常会高估,或者低估当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时,它们会相互抵消,从而产生更准确的估计如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误,那么他们的错误不会相互抵消从更专业的角度来说,群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的如果由于任何原因,人们的错误变得相关或依赖,估计的准确性就会下降)”可知,本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计,讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑故选B【题详解】13细节理解题根据第二段的“In moretechnical terms,the wisdomof crowdsrequires thatpeoples estimatesbe.(从更专业的角度来说,群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的independent Thekey findingof thestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedto haveadiscussion,the averagesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent individuals.For instance,theaverage obtained fromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverage(这项研究的关键发现是,当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组obtainedfrom20independentindividuals.时,这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确例如,从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知,人们在没有独立的情况下,分成更小群体,平均值是20更准确的,说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下,准确率提高也是可以做到的故选D【题详解】14推理判断题根据第四段的uIn afollow-up studywith100university students,the researcherstried toget abetter senseoofwhatthegroup membersactually didin theirdiscussion.Did theytendtogo withthose mostconfident abouttheir(在一项针对名大学生的后续研究中,研estimatesDidthey followthose leastwilling tochange theirminds100究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人?他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知,在后续研究中,研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么结合两个问题,因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程故选C【题详解】15推理判断题根据最后一段内容u AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,the(尽管领导的研究有局限性,potential implicationsfor groupdiscussion anddecision-making areenormous.Navajas仍存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知,作者认为虽然领导的研究有局限Navajas性也存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大因此推断作者对于的研究表示一定的赞许和Navajas支持故选D第二节(共5小题;每小题
2.5分,满分
12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Personal Forgiveness(犯错)Takingresponsibilityfbrmistakesisapositivestep,but dontbeat yourselfup aboutthem.To erris human.16You canuse thefollowing writingexercise tohelpyoudo this.In ajournal oron apiece ofpaper,puttheheading Personalstrengths.17Are youcaring CreativeGenerous AgoodlistenerFuntobearoundTheydonthavetobeworld-changing,just aspectsofyourpersonality thatyoure proudof.At thetop ofa secondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.On thisone,list allthe positivethings youvedone forothers.It mightbethetime whenyou helpedafriendwith theirhomework,whenyoudidtheironing withoutbeingasked,or whenyou bakedcookies afterthe familyhad hada tiringday.18You couldask afriendorfamilymembertohelpadd toyour list.19That way,you couldexchange thoughtson whatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.In fact,dont waituntil youvemade amistaketotrythis-its agreat wayto boostself-confidence atany time.(陈词滥调)Its somethingofacliche thatmost peoplelearn notfrom theirsuccesses buttheir mistakes.The thingis,ifs true.20We reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakes areapositivewaytodevelop andgrow.A.A littleself-forgiveness alsogoes along way.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.They mighteven liketohavea goat doingthe exercise.。