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名词冠词讲义,名词要点名词的定义表示人、事、物或概念的一类词名词的分类/按构成划分简单名词复合名词rain raincoat/按意义划分专有名词普通名词个体名词team classfamily可数名词集体名词team classfamily简单名词物质名词water desert不可数名词抽象名词news informationprogress furnitureroom airknowledgeadvice weatherword baggageluggage名词的数个体名词的数1一般情况+S以、、、结尾-ch-sh-x-s+es规则变化
①photo,tomato+es以-结尾
②photo,radio+es
③echo,volcano,zero+es/+s以结尾兀音后y+y+s boy--boys辅音后变为+y yi+es candy—candies变为f/fe veshalf leafwife shelfknief selfcalf wolflife thiefloaf以结尾直接加f/fe cliffproof chefsafe roof上述两种都可以的scarf handkerchief变元音tooth-teeth foot-feet变词尾单复同形datum—data medium--media phenomenon--phenomena child-children meansdeer sheep不规则变化+ese ChineseJapanese
13.Bill wasstanding at the sideof thecar,talking totwo menwho washelping himto repairit.
4.In the last25years,the populationof Singaporehave doubledto more than fivemillion.
15.Each studentshould makegood preparationfor theCollege EntranceExamination.
1.Neither younor Inor anybodyelse knowanything aboutit now.
2.This switchhas decreasedpollutein thecountrys majorlakes andreservoirs andmadedrinking watersafer forpeople.
3.My nameis MireyaMayor.Tm ascience whostudies animalssuch as apes andmonkeys.
4.Few peopleI knowseem to have muchdesire ortime tocook.Making Chinesedish isseen asespeciallytroublesome.
5.Researchers havefound that there is a directlink betweenthe increasein foodeaten outsidethehome andthe riseinweigh problems.肖亡,
6.Already wellover400of thetotal of6800languagesbe closeto extinction7with onlya few elderlyspeakers left.
7.When mostpeople thinkof the arts,they imaginethe endproduct,the beautifulpainting,awonderful pieceof music,or aaward-winningperform in the theater.
8.The comingtechnologicaladvancementpresent achance forcities andstates todevelop transportationsystemsdesigned tomove morepeople,and moreaffordably.
9.curious gaveus alla naturalawareness.
10.On top of that,most of the3-D foodprintnow arerestricted todry ingredients.
11.Among thebag makersargue manycities withbans stillallow shoppersto purchasepaperbags,which areeasily recycledbut requiremore energyto produceand transport.
12.What startsas funusage of apps turninto tremendouspressure inreal social mediainteraction atsecondary school
13.Thearrive ofdriverless vehiclesis achance to make surethat thosevehicles areenvironmentallyfriendly andmore shared.
14.Now allthat wasneeded bethe parents,but theywere absent.
15.Moran saysone of the problemswith Jazztoday bethat theentertainment aspectof themusichas beenlost.
16.My entirefamily ishearing andsobe allmy friends
17.Fat andsaltbe very important partsof adiet.
18.Having enoughfat andsalt inyou mealswill reducethe urgeto snackbetweenmeal andwill improvethe tasteof yourfood.
19.Before gettinginto thecar,I thoughtI hadlearned theinstructor orders.
20.interrupt areone of the worstthings todeal withwhile youretrying to get workdone.
21.E-maih as well astelephones,play animportant partof communication.
22.After yearsof heateddebate,graywolf werereintroduced toYellowstone NationalPark.
23.In fact,the key to easymorning wake-uplie inresetting yourbody clock.
24.She hasturned downseveral invitationto starat showsin orderto concentrateon herstudies.
25.The governmenthave promisedto keepthe whole-year registeredunemployment ratebelow
4.5percent.
26.But much,like othersports events,a lot of professionalcompeterule thetriathlon world.
27.Choosing whatplaces tovisit inDubai isdifficult,because eventhe hotelsthere arealsoamazing attract.
28.More than one doctorbe involvedin therescue thattook placeafter theearthquake.
29.Mr Black,as wellas theprofessor whocome fromPeking University,be to attend ourschoolmeeting.
30.Dr White,as wellas his studentsdo anexperiment in the labnow.
1.1was one of the final run to finish.But Ifinished!And Igot amedal.少年
2.It foundmany youngstersnow measuretheir statusby howmuch publicapprove theygetonline.蒸储器
3.A build-it-yourself solarstill is one of the bestway toobtain drinkingwaterin areaswhere theliquid isnot readilyavailable.
4.In the coming months,we arebringing togetherartists fromall overthe globe,to enjoyspeakingShakespeares playin theirown language.
5.My uncletells methat thekeytohis successis honest.
6.It isimportant topay yourelectric billon time,as latepayments mayaffect yourcredit.
7.Mom has a full-time job,but shehas todo most of thehouseworks.
8.You arcthe mostconsiderate personwho knowexactly whatI needin ourclass.
9.More thanone workerhave beendismissed in our factory.
10.The singer and teacherare speakingat themeeting.
1.tiger isdangerous animal.
2.Jim,student,is studyinghard.
3.I dontthink theexperiment isfailure.At leastwe havegained experiencefor futuresuccess.
4.George couldntremember whenhe firstmet MrAnderson,but hewas sureit wasSundaybecause everybodywas atchurch.
5.Of the two poems,I likethe shorterone better.I thinkits reallymost interestingone.
6.Exploring spaceis exciting,yet dangerous.
7.There waschair by the window.On chairsat ayoung womanwith ababyin herarms.
8.All thefellow workerswere shockedby thenews thatBob was appointed directorof thefactory.
9.1can*t tellyou way to theWilson*s becausewe donthave Wilsonherein the village.
10.Tom istaller of the twoboys
1.11fell inlove withthe cityfirst time1came here.
12.The mancaught thethief byarm.
13.He wasborn in1990s,when hismother workedin afactory.
14.Henry pretendednot toknow me,but infact,we weregood friends
15.Mary canplay violinwell,but shecant playthe piano.
16.Youd bettergo abroadby planeso asto getthere earlier.
17.We haveno classeson Sunday,so weoften go to playfootball.
18.moon travelaround earth.
19.Telling Chinesestories wellis effectivewaytoraise influenceofChinese culture.
20.In erawhen everyoneis from the media,the Internetlive broadcastareaneeds tomaintain integrity.
21.You mightnot hearany gunshot,but theUS hasstarted waragainst China—biggest ratewarin economichistory.
22.In myopinion,we shouldhead east,though the arrow on the signpoints to west.
23.Janes grandmotherhad wantedto writechildrens bookfor manyyears,butone thingor anotheralways gotin way.
24.Last weekendI wentfishing withSmiths.We hada goodtime.
25.The websiteasks visitorsto joinin themovement toreduce number ofilliterate people in the world.
26.Many Internetusers makemostof the half-price promotion and it isa goodopportunity foronline shopkeeperstogettheir namesknown.
27.Studies inChina haveshown that a personwho canwrite wellshould havegood knowledgeofbetween3000and4000characters.
28.The morelearned aman is,more modesthe usuallybecomes.
29.Mr Smithasked youto repeatphone numbersecond timeso thathecould setit down.
30.The SpringFestival isspecial holiday for mostChinese whenthe wholefamilywill gettogether.
二、单句改错l.Miss Zhangteaches thephysics toall the students fromdifferent gradesin theschool.
2.1have learnedit for almost halfmonth.
1.1tisnot rarein1990s thatpeoplein their fiftiesare goingto universityfor furthereducation.
4.The buildingswas set up in a Septemberof
1990.
5.A beggarthough Bobis,he isgenerous to the poor.
6.On theEarth Day,my classmatesand Idecided todo somethingfor ourschool.
7.This isa mostinteresting filmthat Ihave everseen.
8.We hadwonderful supperin asmall Indianplace.
9.We canuse thelibrary arounda clocksince itopens365days ayear and24hours a day.
10.Apples aresold by the weightand coalis soldby theton.
11.At thattime,I washaving atrouble studyingEnglish andmy scoresfell.
1.11have beena Englishguide fortwo yearsafter graduation.
13.The classroomisonfourth floor.
14.Remember you only haveone chance,that is,you willnever getthe secondone.
15.The second-hand caris stillin a good condition.
一、用适当的冠词填空,不需要的画/
1.Corn productionhas jumpednearly125percent overpast25years,while ricehasincreased only7percent.
2.To heramazement,her sonwas gratefulfor herwillingness tocall andoffered apologyof hisown.
3.We maythink wereculture thatgets ridof ourworn technologyat the firstsight ofsomething shinyand new
4.Many of us loveJuly becauseits monthwhen naturesberries andstone fruitsarein abundance.
5.When Istarted runningin my30s,I realizedrunning wasbattle againstmyself,not aboutcompetition orwhether ornot I was athletic.
6.Relearning artof seeingthe worldaround usis quitesimple,although ittakespractice andrequires breakingsome badhabits
7.They hopepaper bagswill bebanned somedaytoo andwant shoppersto usesame reusablebagsfor years.(享有)
8.In1760s,Mathurin Rozeopened aseries ofshops thatboasted aspecial meatsoupcalled consomme
9.Some of the worldsmost famousmusicians recentlygathered inParis andNew Orleanstocelebrate firstannual InternationalJazz Day.
1..1got arescue callfrom woman in Muttontown.She hadfound ayoung owlon the ground.
11.Developed bytwo doctorsin USDepartment ofAgriculture,itsexcellent watercollector.
12.For Pahlsson,its returnwas wonder.
13.My sonis in hurry toleave anyway.
14.Copenhagen becamecapital ofDenmark in
1445.
15.The nurseryteam switcheshim everyfew dayswith hissisters thatwhile oneis beingbottle-fed,other iswith mum—she neversuspects.
16.1am reporterfrom theNew YorkTimes.
1..1consider myselfvery luckybecause Iwas onlyone of my friendswho hadhisdad around.
18.It wasgreat shockto thegirl whenword camethat herclose frienddied inthesevere earthquakeof Haiti.
19.Mr Liis nowwaiting foryouon thefirstfloor.
20.Andrew Wasmovie asgood asyou expectedLinda It was reallya waste of timeand money.I shouldhave stayedat home.
21.To easethe worldwidecommunication amongnations,we shouldcreate commonlanguageand providecourses ofit.
22.Nowadays certainlimit shouldbe seton theuse ofcars toreduce airpollution.
23.Rosy camein forcoffee andtold methe firecrackersoutside kepther awakelastnight.
24.Lily Whendo youusually workBlack Well,on mostdays Iwork until5pm,but onFridays Ican leavehourearlier.
25.Most seriously,relying onsmartphones tomake friendsdoes notgive usthesame advantageas makingnew friendsin the real world.
26.If youarc interestedin certain article oryou thinkit ofgreat importance,you candownload andstore itfor futureuse.
27.Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face withthe gorilla,who beginsscreaming attopofher lungs.,
28.Besides youcan justput thecontents ofthe basketinto yoursuitcase ifyou areinhurrytoleave for the airport.
29.Mary tookadvantage ofthe opportunityand triedtomakegood impressiononher newboss.
30.Give yourbody andbrain arest bystepping outsidefor whileexercising,or doingsomething youenjoy.
二、单句改错
1.When Iwas17,I readthe magazinearticle abouta museumcalled theMcNay,once thehome ofawatercolorist namedMarian McNay.
2.A possibilityof self-driving robotcars hasoften seemedlike afuturists dream,years awayfrommaterializing in therealworld.
3.Wang servesas thehead ofthe ArchitectureDepartment at the ChinaAcademy ofArt
4.Children asyoung asten arebecoming dependenton thesocialmediafor theirsense ofself-worth,a majorstudy warned.
5.The carsthat droveAmerican Dreamhave helpedto createa globalecological disaster.
6.As thekid,I lovedto watchcartoons.
7.Many peoplewho live along thecoast make the livingin fishingindustry.
8.In1963the UNsetupa WorldFood Programme,one ofwhose purposesis torelieve worldwidestarvation.
9.Working withthe medicalteam inAfrica hasbrought outthe bestin heras the doctor.
10.But inthat case,we willlearn little about world.
11.At thefirst,I thoughtI kneweverything andcould makedecisions bymyself.
12.If weexpect the much cleanerworld,we shouldattract the worlds attention to protecttheworld.
13.Weighing toomuch candamage your health,and obesityis thegrowing problemfor bothkidsand adultsaround theworld.(雾霾),
14.Everyone shouldtake theaction toreduce hazewhich isharmful toourhealth.
15.His fatheris sotalented thathe isa teacher and apoet.
1.barbers
15.make+a l.The a
2.were having2,a
3.appreciation
1.knows
3.a/
4.was
2.pollution
4.a/
5.is
3.scientist
5.a
6.ambition
4.dishes
6./
7.turns
5.weight
7.a the
8.preparation
6.are
8./
9.coffees
7.performance
9.thea
1.failure
8.presents
10.the
11.leaves
9.curiosity
11.the
12.are
10.printers
12.the
13.is
11.arguments
13.the
14.has beengiven
12.turns
14./
15.are
13.arrival
15.the the
16.are is
14.are
16./
17.is
15.is
17.//
18.stomachs
16.are
18.The the
19.sons-in-law
17.are
19.an the
20.grown-ups
18.meals
20.the
21.women men
19.instructor^
21.the
22.is
20.Interruptions
22.the
23.conditions2Lis playing
23.a the
24.are
22.wolves
24.the
25.access
23.1ies
25.the
26.has
24.invitations
26.the
27.comes
25.has
27.a
28.is
26.competitors
28.the
29.is
27.attractions
29.thea
30.were
28.was
30.a
29.comes is
1.mean---means
30.is doing
1.去掉第一个the
2.shocking---shock
2.half+a
3.is---are
1.run---runners
3.in+the
4.funs---fun
2.approve---approval
4.a--the
1.15---are
3.way---ways.去掉5A
1.16ack---snacks
4.play---plays.去掉6the
7.works---work
5.honest-honesty
7.a---the
8.havc-has
6.electric---electricity
8.had+a
9.are-is
7.houseworks—
9.a clock---the clock
10.hour9s---hours9housework
10.by the---by
11.are---what is
8.know---knows.去掉11a
12.foot—feet
9.have-has
13.was-were
10.are-is
14.have-has
12.a---an
13.a
30.a
13.on+the
14.the
14.the—a
15.thel.the---a.去掉15a
16.a
2.A-The.去掉第一个
17.the3thel.the
18.a
4.去掉the
2.an
19.A
5.drove+the
3.a2O.the
6.the-a
4.a
21.a
7.the-a
5.a
22.a
8.a---the
6.the
23.a
9.thedoctor---a doctor
7.the
24.an lO.about+the
8.the
25.the
11.去掉the
9.the
26.a
12.themuch---a muchlO.a
27.the
13.the---a.去掉
11.the an
28.a14the,去掉第二个
12.a
29.a15a
1.The roofsoftherooms werecovered withleaf.
2.Either youor oneof yourfamily membersbe toattend theschool sportsmeeting tomorrowand cheer onyour kids.
3.Many youngpeople planto taketurnto hostparties in the comingholiday.
4.-Where didyou twohave yourstomachexamined-At ourlocal hospital.
5.The teacheras wellas the students whofond offootball,playingtogether.be
6.Each manand eachwoman in the neighboringvillageshave abad opinionof him,but heis spoken betterof by the villageleaders改错
7.I managed to climb out,but muchto myshocking oneof myboys wasmissing.改错
8.Im oneofthestudents whoworks hardin Englishand havewon severalprizes insome Englishcontests.改错
9.Each studentshould makegood preparationfor theCollege EntranceExamination.集体名词本身即有复数含义2These deerbesmall comparedwith otherspecies ofdeer.My familyiswell-known in the regionnow.不可数名词的数3物质名词前加量词1a bottleof water、———抽象意义具体化为一件事物a successa pleasure抽象名词2个体名词抽象化为相关概念by handby bus
10.My friendsand Iordered twoteas andfivecoffee whenwe hadlunch.
11.Water isvaluable in theworldbut largeamounts ofwaterbe wasted.改错
12.We werevery happyto helpeach otherand havelots offuns.复合名词的数
4.以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式1如等homework,newspaper.以或为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数2man woman如woman doctor—women doctors,man waiter—men waiters0以两个名词构成的复合名词前面的名词为或除外,一般把后面的名词变复数
3.man woman如一一boy firiendboy friends,paper bagpaper bagso以“可数名词+介词短语”构成的复合名词变复数时,把前面名词变复数
4.如father-in-law—fathers-in-law以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词变复数时,在词尾加
5.s如一一grown-up grown-ups,stand-by stand-bys
13.The oldcouple arepleased withtheir threeson-in-law.
14.In ourcity,there areone milliongrown-up.
15.Our localgovernment awards5000dollars tofourwoman nursesand mandoctors.名词的格主格My sisterloves catsmore thanTom.I...more thandoes Tomwho...宾格My sisterloves catsmore thanTom does.主格宾格统称为通格与格to sb、1构成所有格
1、表示所属关系、类别、动作的执行者或接受者
2、表示节日、时间、距离、地点、机构、度量衡、天体的什么
3、双重所有格
16.Barber shopshave beenopened inmost bighotels inforeign countries,guests cango to thebarber tohave a haircutdirectly.名词的修饰词可修饰的名词类型既可修饰可数名词单复数又可修饰不可举例数名词All theany half只可修饰可数名诃单数只可修饰可数名a/anoneevery eacheither neithermany amore thanone eachA and词复数只可修饰不可数名词既可修饰可数名词单数又可修饰不可数名词B既可修饰可数名词笈数又可修饰不可数Many a number of afewthese名词Much anamount of a littleThisthatLots ofmost more名词构词法详见常见名词后缀
17.So far,more thanone answergiveto thequestion.
18.In recentyears Chinesearts havewon theappreciate of a lotof peopleoutside China.
19.The teacherasks allthestudentsto makepreparefor theEnglish class.
20.But much,like othersports events,a lotof professionalcompeterule thetriathlon world.改错
21.Iwasoneofthefinalruntofinish.But Ifinished!And Igot amedal.,冠词用法不定号词用法.表示“一”的概念,即1one Ihave abook..表示“又叩勺概念,用在序数词前,即再一次2a fifthfailure.表示“每一,相当于3every,per,an appleaday.泛指一类事物、初次见到的人或事4A camerais useful..表示某个人或物,或某个人的所属物5There*saSmith..动词转化为名词6take a walk.用于固定搭酉己7in ahurry come to an end定冠词用法特指一类人或事物,常被定语或定语从句修饰
1..指世界上独一无二的事物
2.指由普通名词构成的专有名词及群岛山河江湖海、沙漠海峡和海滩
3.加在序数词、最高级修饰词的名词前,比较级表示特指时也要用4复数姓氏表示一家子
5.the+The Smithshave theirbreakfast whenthe morningpost came.过去分词表示一类人
6.the+adj/v-ed西洋乐器/方位
7.the+.表示双方已知的人或事物
8.表上文提及的人或事物
9.泛指一类人或事物10零冠词.专有名词、抽象名词、物质名词及人名、地名、职务头衔前不加冠词
1.年份、季节、节假日、日期、一日三餐前不加冠词
2.学科、球类运动、棋牌游戏前不加冠词
3.系动词后,可数名词单数前不加冠词4turn.表同一个人或物的多种身份,只在第一个可数名词前不加冠词5The knife and forkbeon thetable..独立主格结构中,可数名词单数放在句首不加冠词6引导让步状语从句,可数名词单数放在句首不加冠词
7.as/though后的可数名词单数前不加冠词
8.no such.表泛指的抽象名词前不加冠词9专有名词前不加冠词
1..Barber shopshave beenopened inmost bighotels inforeign countries,guests cango tothebarbertohavea haircutdirectly.
2.The Smithshave theirbreakfast whenthe morningpost came.
3.In recentyears Chinesearts havewon theappreciate ofalotof peopleoutside China.
4.Itwas the naturaldisaster,rather thanhuman errors,that be to blameforthedeath ofsomany innocentpeople.
5.Either youor oneof yourfamily membersbetoattend theschool sportsmeetingtomorrow andcheeronyour kids.
6.Jane realizedherambitious tobecome thefirst womanto runthe10,000meters within30minutes.
7.Many youngpeople planto taketurnto hostparties inthecomingholiday
8.The teacherasks allthestudentsto makepreparefortheEnglish class.
9.My friendsand Iordered twoteas andfivecoffee whenwe hadlunch.
10.We haveto admitthe factthat thisexperiment isa completefail
11.The roofsoftherooms werecovered withleaf
12.Where tofind theteacherandwhere todo theexperimentbe notknown.
13.The knifeand forkbeonthetable.
14.So far,morethanone answergivetothequestion.
15.These deerbesmall comparedwith otherspecies ofdeer.
16.The teacheraswellasthestudents whofond offootball,playingtogether.be
17.My familyiswell-known inthe regionnow.
18.-Where didyou twohave yourstomachexamined-At ourlocal hospital.
19.The oldcouple arepleased withtheir threeson-in-law.
20.In ourcity,there arcone milliongrown-up.
21.Our localgovernment awards5000dollars tofourwoman nursesand mandoctors.
22.Learning hardbeveryimportantto usstudents now.
23.In factthe innovationis justone moveinahuge projectto improveChinese teachershousingconditionin recentyears
24.Water isvaluable intheworldbut largeamounts ofwaterbe wasted.
25.A modernlibrary isbeing builtinourschool sothat westudents willhave accessibletogood books.
26.Each manand eachwomaninthe neighboringvillageshave abad opinionof him,buthe isspokenbetterof bythevillageleaders
27.-Is everyonehereNot yet.Look,therecome aguest.
28.It*s saidthat asingerandTV starbe comingto giveus awonderful performancenextSaturday.
29.The headteacher,together withhisstudents,be planningto postthe winningpoemson theCampus Network
30.The factoryused65percent ofthe rawmaterials,the restof whichbe savedfor otherpurposes.二,单句改错
1.Thank youmean youappreciate whatsomeone hasdone foryou,no matterhowsmall it is.
2.1managedtoclimbout,but muchto myshocking oneofmyboys wasmissing.
3.1have heardthat Englishvolunteers iswanted inthe summervacation.
4.We werevery happyto helpeach otherand havelots offuns.
1.1come fromNew Yorkand ishaving anenjoyable timein Beijing.
2.In orderto keephealthy,you haveto refusea varietyof delicioussnack andjunk food.
7.Fm oneofthestudents whoworks hardin Englishand havewon severalprizes insomeEnglish contests.
8.More thanone workerhave beensent tothe trainingcenter toimprove theirworkingskills inthe pastthree years.
9.A recentsurvey showsthat thenumberofchildren whocome fromthe countrysidewiththeir parentsare nearby320000in Beijing.
10.The computersystem crashedand Ilost threehours worthof work.1l.On thecontrary,I thinkitisTruman,rather thanyou,are toblame.
12.However,the grassunder ourfoot isgreen enough.。