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中考英语必知的被动语态用法总结
一、被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为1am/is/are done过去分词一般现在时例Visitors arerequested notto touchthe exhibits.2has/have been done现在完成时彳列All thepreparations forthe taskhave been completed,and were readyto start.3am/is/are beingdone现在进行时例A newcinema is being builthere.4was/were done一般过去时例I wasgiven tenminutes todecide whetherI shouldreject the offer.5had beendone过去完成时例By theend oflast year,another newgymnasium hadbeen completedin Beijing.6was/were beingdone过去进行时例A meetingwas beingheld whenI wasthere.7shall/will bedone一般将来时彳列Hundreds ofjobs will be lostif thefactory closes.8should/would bedone过去将来时例The newswould besent tothe soldier,s motheras soonas it arrived.9shall/will have beendone将来完成时少用彳列The projectwill havebeencompletedbefore July.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1带情态动词的被动结构其形式为情态动词be过去分词例The babyshould betaken goodcare ofby thebaby-sitter.2有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面通常变为主语的是间接宾语彳列His mothergave hima presentfor his birthday.可改为He wasgiven apresentby hismother forhisbirthday.3当“动词宾语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动例Someone caughtthe boysmoking acigarette.可改为The boywas caughtsmokinga cigarette.4在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要力口too例Someone sawa strangerwalk intothe building.可改为A strangerwas seento walkintothe building.5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词介词”,“动词副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开其中的介词或副词也不能省略例The meetingisto beput offtill Friday.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态:v.ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态一般时态和完成时态o例I dontlike beinglaughed atin thepublic.
二、如何使用被动语态
三、学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态L讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)例My bikewasstolen lastnight.
4.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者例I wasgiven tenminutes todecide whetherI shouldaccepttheoffer.
5.为了更好地安排句子例The well-known persongot on the busand wasimmediatelyrecognized bypeople.(一个主语就够了)
三、It is said that从句及其他类似句型一些表示据说“或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It be过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to dosth.”有It issaid that…据说,It isreported that…据报道,It isbelieved that…大家相信,Itis hopedthat・••大家希望,It iswell knownthat・,•众所周矢口,It isthought that・・・大家认为,It issuggested that…据建议例It issaid thatthe boyhas passedthe nationalexam.(=The boyissaidto havepassedthe nationalexam.)
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有彳艮多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物例This kindof clothwashes well.注意主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响试比较:The doorwon,t lock.(指门本身有毛病)The doorwon,t belocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last,take place,break out,comeout,come about,come true,run out,give out,turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义例How dothe newspaperscome out这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义例Your reasonsounds reasonable
五、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义
1.在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式例The houseneeds repairing(to berepaired),这房子需要修理
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式例The picture-book iswell worthreading.(=The picture-book isvery worthyto beread.)
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义例I have a lotof thingsto dothisafternoon,(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系)试比较I11go tothe postoffice.Do youhave aletter to be posted(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者)
4.在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等例This problemis difficultto workout,可看作to workout省略了for me.
5.在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义例This bookis tooexpensive forme tobuy.
6.在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物例There isno timeto loseto belost.用to lose可看成for usto lose;用to belost,谁lost time不明确
7.
7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义初中英语被动语态专项练习道题401The PeoplesRepublic ofChina onOctober1,
1949.A.found B.was foundedC.is foundedD.was found2English inCanada.A.speaks B.are spokenC.is speakingD.is spoke3This Englishsong bythe girlsafter class.A.often singsB.often sangC.is oftensang D.is oftensung4This kindof carin Japan.A,makes B.made C.is makingD.is made5New computers_____all overthe world.A.is usedB.are usingC.are usedD.have used6Our roommust clean.A.keep B.be keptC.tobe kept D.to keep7-T dlike tobuythat coat.一Im sorry..A.it soldB.its sellingC.Its been sold D.it hadbeensold8A newhouse atthe cornerof theroad.A.is buildingB.is beingbuilt C.been built D.be building9The keyonthetable whenI leave.A.was left B.will beleft C.is leftD.has beenleft10Doctors inevery partof theworld.A.need B.are needingC.are neededD.will need1IHis newbook nextmonth.A.willbepublished B.is publishingC.isbeingpublished D.has beenpublished12Japanese inevery country.A.is notspoken B.are spokenC.is speakingD.is notspeaking13These papersyet.A.have notwritten B.have notbeen writtenC.has notwritten D.has notbeen written14The sportsmeet beheld untilnext week.A.didn,tB.won tC.isn,tD.doesn,t15一My shoesare wornout.一A.Cant theybe mendedB.Let mehavealook atit.C.How muchdo theycost D.Can,t theymended16____the watchbeen repairedyet Ibadly needit.A.Does B.Ilas C.Is D.Are17these desksbe neededA.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do18Why totalk aboutit yesterdayA.didn,t a meeting holdB.wasn,ta meeting heldC.wasn,t heldameetingD.ameetingwasn,t held19Who wasthe bookA.write B.wrote C.written D.written by20Where____these boxesmadeA.was B.were C.is D.am21The flowersoften.A.must bewater B.must bewatered C.must wateredD.must water22The booksmay fortwo weeks.A.bekeptB.be borrowedC.keep D.borrow23The teachermade himhis homework.A.todoB.do C.did D.done24The boystreets withoutpay in the olddays.A.was made to cleanB.made cleanC.madetoclean D.was madeclea25These childrendance.A.were seento B.were seenfor C.were seenD.saw to26Theses tones_____well.A.are fittedB.fit C.fits D.is fitted27The bike500yuan.A.was costB.costed C.cost D.is costed28The importantmeeting ona coldmorning lastyear.A.was hadB.was heldC.held D.had29Great changes_____in the past tenyears inChina.A.took placeB.have takenplace C.were takingplace D.had takenplace30You can,t usethe computer,it.A.was brokendown B.is wrongC.is badD.has brokendown31Great changes_____in ourcountry duringthepast20years.A.have happenedB.happened C.havebeenhappened D.were happened32The watchhas oftendown.A.sat B.lain C.broken D.fell33Please passme anothercup.This one______.A.is brokenB.is breakingC.broke D.broke34The storybooks bythe writerinthe1960s.A.are writtenB.were writtenC.are writingD.were writing35What timethe doorevery dayA.does;closed B.does;close C.is;closed D./;close36Can hehimselfA.get dressB.get dressedC.gets dressedD.instead of37He fellfrom hisbike and.A.is hurtB.gets hurtC.got hurtD.hurt38Lookout,please keepaway fromthe fire,or yourtrousers will_A.burnt B.burn C.burning D.get bur39The applevery sweet.A.is tastedB.taste C.tastes D.are tasting40You morebeautiful inthe lightblue shirt.A.see B.watch C.look D.look at。