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教学设计Unit3Food andCulture Period3Discovering usefulstructuresThe past perfect tense and itspassive voice教材分析The maingrammatical itemsin thisunit arethe past perfect active and passive tense.The past perfect tenseis used to refer to an actionthat wascompleted beforea timeor eventin the past.The past perfect passivevoiceis the passive formof the past perfect tense.The teachercan guidethe students to analyzeand comparethestructure andusage of the pastperfect tenseand the passive tense.The teacheris alsohighly recommended tohelp thestudents tosort outthe relevantcontent in the formof a chart,or presentachartfor thestudents tocompletethe keyinformation.故学目标与艘心毒养
1.Enable thestudents totell thesame informationusing the pastperfectactive tenseand thepassive tense.
2.Guide thestudents to use the two constructionscorrectly,and understandtheir meaningand functioninthe context.
3.Encourage thestudents to make sentencesusing thepastperfectactive andpassive tense.Then usethesesentences tomake dialogues.
4.Cultivate students,thinking abilityand enhancetheir creativityof usingthis grammar.
1.Guide studentstousethetwostructures bothin thespoken andwritten situation.
2.Encourage thestudentstomake sentences,using thepastperfectactiveandpassivetense.Then usethese sentencestomakedialogues.敢学过标Stepl:Lead inWhatis thetenseandvoice ofthe followingsentence whatis thefunctionBy thetime thetornado ended,more than700people had been killed.Keys:thepassivevoice ofthepastperfect tense.function:The pastperfect tenseisusedtorefertoanaction ora stateof beingthat occurredor wascompletedbefore aspecific timein thepast.Step2:Try tofind outall thesentences containingthepassivevoice ofthepastperfect tenseand thensum uptheircommon rules.教材原句
1.Prior tocoming toChina,my onlyexperience withChinese cookingwas inAmerica,with Chinesefoodthat had been changedto suitAmerican tastes.在来中国之前,我唯一接触过中国烹饪的经历是在美国,我接触过经过改变以适应美国人口味的中国食物
2.When myfamily andI hadjust arrivedin China,we wentlooking fora goodplace toeat inBeijing.当我和家人刚到中国时,我们在北京找了一个吃饭的好地方
3.A restauranthad beenrecommendedtous bya friend,and finally,we foundit.一位朋友向我们推荐了一家餐馆,我们终于找到了
4.We hadno ideahow toorder,so thechef justbegan fillingour tablewith thebest foodwe hadevereaten.我们不知道该怎么点菜,所以厨师就开始在我们的桌子上摆满我们吃过的最好的食物语法共性
1.句1和句3中的黑体部分为过去完成时的被动语态,其构成为had been doneQ2•句2和句4中的黑体部分为过去完成时,其构成为had doneoStep3:The teacherinstructs Ssto reviewthe basicknowledge aboutthepastperfecttenseand itspassivevoice.
一、Basic useofthepastperfecttense
1.Definition过去完成时的构成为“had+过去分词”过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”
3.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实,而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”,-定有一个•表示过去时间的参照点,表示在这个时间之前,动作已经发生They hadfallen asleepwhen theirparents gothome at11oclock..父母11点回家之前他们已经睡着了过去的过去They fellasleep at11oclock.他们11点睡着了一般过去
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1.概念过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某个动作以前已经发生或完成,且主语与谓语动词动作存在被动关系
2.构成1肯定结构主语+hadbeen done2否定结构主语+hadnotbeendone一八I Had+iin+beendone...z3疑问句结构叶加匕—右「
一、丁「I1特殊疑问词had+主语T beendone♦
3.用法⑴在told,said、knew、heard thoughtsfound等动词后的宾语从句中,表示宾语从句中的动作已被做s完时,要用过去完成时的被动语态He heardthat thetickets hadalready beensold out.他听说票已售完He toldme thatthe projecthadbeencompleted by the end of
1999.他告诉我至【J1999年底他们已完成了那个项目The newspaperreported morethan100people hadbeen killedinthethunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生2before when、by thetime、until、after once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及x sby、before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态By thetime mybrother was10,he hadbeen sentto Italy.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了Tons ofrice hadbeen producedbytheendoflast month.到上月底已生产了好几吨大米⑶It wasthe first/second/last...time that…句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态It wasthe firsttime thatIhadseen thenight factto facein oneand ahalf years.这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色⑷在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态If Ihadbeeninstructed byhim earlier,I wouldhave finishedthetask.如果我早一点得到他的指示,我早就完成这项任务了If Ihad hurried,I wouldnthave missedthe train.如果我快点的话,我就不会误了火车If youhadbeenattheparty,you wouldhave methim.如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。