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导学案Unit3Food andCulturePeriod3Discovering usefulstructures过去完成时和被动语态学习目标
1.to tellthe sameinformation usingthe pastperfect activetense andthe passivetense.
2.to usethe twoconstructions correctly,and understandtheir meaningand functionin thecontext.
3.to makesentences usingthe pastperfect activeand passivetense anduse thesesentences tomakedialogues.学习过程-:下面这个句子含有什么时态和语态?它们的意义是什么?By thetime the tornado ended,more than700people had been killed.【答案】the passivevoice of the pastperfect tense.function:The pastperfect tenseis usedto referto anaction ora stateof beingthat occurredor wascompletedbefore aspecific timein thepast.二:从第一篇课文中找到所有含有以上时态和语态的句子并总结规律【答案】:
1.Prior tocoming toChina,my onlyexperience withChinese cookingwas inAmerica,with Chinesefoodthat had been changedto suitAmerican tastes.在来中国之前,我唯一接触过中国烹饪的经历是在美国,我接触过经过改变以适应美国人口味的中国食物
2.When myfamily andI hadjust arrivedin China,we wentlooking fora goodplace toeat inBeijing.当我和家人刚到中国时,我们在北京找了一个吃饭的好地方
3.A restauranthad beenrecommended tous bya friend,and finally,we foundit.一位朋友向我们推荐了一家餐馆,我们终于找到了
4.We hadno ideahow toorder,so thechef justbegan fillingour tablewith thebest foodwe hadevereaten.我们不知道该怎么点菜,所以厨师就开始在我们的桌子上摆满我们吃过的最好的食物语法共性:
1.句1和句3中的黑体部分为过去完成时的被动语态,其构成为had been doneQ
(4)在“That/It wasthefirst/second…time+从句”中,从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时That wasthe lasttime Isuch afoolish mistake.那是我最后一次犯那样的傻错误It wasthe firsttime(that)I Shanghai.捋B是我第一次去上海It wasthe mostinspiring performanceI.这是我看过的最激励人心的表演【答案】had made;had beento;had watched⑸用在“It was+一段时间+since从句”句型中(从句用过去完成时)It wasat leastthree months since IBeijing.我离开t匕京至少有三个月了【答案】had left
(6)wish ifonly,as if、would rather等后面的从句中,常用过去完成时表示对过去的假设或虚拟xIf onlyI by the teacheryesterday.我昨天要是被老师表扬就好了I wishI thereat thattime.那时候我要在那儿就好了(事实上我不在那儿)I wishI aboutit.我要是告诉他那事就好了(事实上我没告诉他)【答案】had beenpraised;had been;had toldhim
3.过去完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时侧重发生在过去的而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”,一定有一个表示过去时间的表示在这个时间之前,动作已经发生【答案】客观事实;参照点They whentheir parentsgot homeat11oclock..父母11点回家之前他们已经睡着了(过去的过去)They at11oclock.他们11点睡着了(一般过去)【答案】had fallenasleep;fell asleep
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1.概念过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某个动作以前已经发生或完成,且主语与谓语动词动作存在__________________O【答案】被动关系
2.构成1肯定结构主语+________________________2否定结构主语+__________________________3疑问结构had+主语+【答案】had been done;had notbeendone;beendone
3.用法⑴在told、said、knew、heard thoughtfound等动词后的宾语从句中,表示宾语从句中的动作已x s被做完时,要用过去完成时的被动语态He heardthat thetickets hadalready他听说票已售完He toldme that the projectby the end of
1999.他告诉我至ij1999年底他们已完成了那个项目The newspaperreported morethan100people in the thunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生【答案】been soldout;had beencompleted;had beenkilled2before when、bythetime、until、after once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以ss及by、before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态By thetime mybrother was10,hetoItaly.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了Tons ofrice bytheendof lastmonth.到上月底已生产了好几吨大米【答案】had beensent;had beenproduced3It wasthe first/second/last...time that…句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态It wasthe firsttime that I thenight factto facein oneand ahalf years.这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色【答案】had seen⑷在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态If Iby himearlier,I wouldhave finishedthetask.如果我早一点得到他的指示,我早就完成这项任务了If I,I wouldnthave missedthe train.如果我快点的话,我就不会误了火车If youattheparty,you wouldhave methim.如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的【答案】:had beeninstructed;had hurried;had beenI.用所给词的适当形式填空【答案】
1.had left
2.had written
3.had intended
4.had seen
5.had beenout ofwork
6.had cometo thismountain village
7.had gonethrough
8.had written
9.hadbeenoffered
10.hadbeenset upn.语法填空Along along pathwe cameto adeep valley.As Iclimbed downinto thevalley,a birdflew offthe rock.On lookingatthespot
1.the birdhad risen,I sawtwo eggs.They werethe kindthatIdid nothave inmy
2.collect,so Iplaced themcarefully inmy bag.As wewent furtherdown thevalley,the sidesbecame even
3.steep.The waterthat rusheddown allthesesmall valleysintherainy season
4.wear the rock asglass.As itwas toodeep
5.climb down,I handedmygun toone ofthe menand sliddown it.My feethad hardlytouched thesandy bottomwhenthetwo menjumpeddown,one oneach sideof
6.I.They quicklygave methe gun
7.asked meif I had heardthe tiger.Infact,Ihad heard nothing;possibly becauseofthenoise Imade while
8.slide downtherock.The mensaidthey
9.hear atiger growling虎啸somewhere nearby,but they
10.not knowfrom whichdirection thenoise hadcome.
1.【解析】分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰先行词“spot”,在从句中作地点状语故填where【答案】where2【•解析】根据空格前的“my”可知,此处应填所给词的名词形式故填collection【答案】collection
3.【解析】根据空格前的“even”可知,此处应用比较级故填steeper【答案】steeper
4.【解析】此处表示岩石已被冲刷得像玻璃一样光滑,全文以过去时态来叙述作者的经历,空处表示作者看到时,岩石已经磨损得很光滑,应用过去完成时【答案】:had worn
5.【解析】too…to…为固定短语,意为“太……而不能……故填toclimb【答案】:to climb
6.【解析】根据空格前的介词of可知,此处应填所给代词的宾格形式故填me【答案】me7•【解析】空格前的“gave”和空格后的“asked”为并列关系,故用and连接【答案】and
8.【解析】分析句子结构可知,本句为省略句,省略主语I及系动词was故填sliding【答案】sliding9•【解析】hear的动作发生在“said”之前,应用过去完成时故填had heard【答案】hadheard10•【解析】通篇文章都是以过去时为主,所以此处用did not表示否定故填did【答案】:did。