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必修一UnitlAnne,s BestFriendDo youwant afriend whomyou couldtell everythingto,like yourdeepestfeelings andthoughts Orare youafraid that your friendwould laughatyou,or would not understandwhat youare goingthrough AnneFrank wantedthe firstkind,so shemade herdiary herbest friend.Anne lived in Amsterdamin theNetherlands duringWorld WarII.Her familywasJewish sonearly twenty-five monthsbefore they were discovered.During thattimethe onlytrue friendwas herdiary.She said,I dont wantto setdowna seriesof factsin adiary asmost peopledo,but Iwant thisdiary itselfto be my friend,and Ishal1cal1myfriendKi tty.Now readhow shefeltafter beingin thehiding placesince July
1942.Thursday15th June,1944Dear Kitty,I wonderif its because I havent beenable to be outdoorsfor solongthat Ive grownso crazyabout everythingto dowith nature.I canwell rememberthat there wasa timewhen adeep bluesky,the songof thebirds,moonlightand flowerscould neverhave keptme spellbound.That schanged sinceI washere.u••,we wereput intoa positionin whichwe hadeither toaccept wewereless importantor fightthe government.We choseto attackthe laws.We firstbrokethe lawin away whichwas peaceful;when this was notallowed…only thendidwe decideto answerviolence withviolence.”As amatter offact,I donot likeviolence***but in1963I helpedhim blowupsome governmentbuildings.It was very dangerousbecause ifI wascaughtI could be putin prison.But I was happyto helpbecause Iknew it would helpusachieve ourdream ofmaking blackand white people equal.••,For example,one eveningwhen it was sowarm,I stayedawake onpurpose untilhalfpast elevenin orderto havea goodlook atthe moonby myself.But asthemoon gavefar toomuch light,I didnt dareopen awindow.Another timefivemonths ago,I happenedto beupstairs atdusk whenthe windowwas open.I didn,t godownstairs untilthe windowbad tobe shut.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thunderingclouds heldme entirelyin theirpower;it was thefirst timein ayear anda halfthat I d seenthe nightface toface***••,Sadly…I am only ableto lookat naturethrough dirtycurtains hangingbeforevery dustywindows.It sno pleasurelooking throughthese anylonger becausenatureis onething thatreally mustbe experienced.Yours,AnneUnit2the Roadto ModernEnglishAt theend of the16th century,about fiveto sevenmillion peoplespokeEnglish.Nearly allof themlivedin England.Later in the nextcentury,peoplefrom Englandmade voyagesto conquerother partsof the world,and because ofthat,English began tobespoken inmany other countries.Today,more peoplespeakEnglish astheir first,second ora foreignlanguage thanever before.Native English speakers canunderstand eachother evenif theydon,t speakthesame kindof English.Look atthis example:British Betty:Would youlike tosee myflatAmerican Amy:Yes.Idlike tocome upto youapartment.So whyhas Englishchanged overtime Actual1y al1languages changeanddevelop whencultures meetand communicatewith eachother.At fistthe EnglishspokeninEnglandbetween aboutAD450and1150wasverydifferent fromtheEnglish spokentoday.It wasbase moreon Germanthan the English wespeak atpresent.Then graduallybetween aboutAD500and1150,English becameless likeGermanbecause thosewho ruledEngland spokefirst Danishand laterFrench.These newsettlers enrichedthe Englishlanguage andespecially itsvocabulary.So bythe1600s Shakespearewas ableto makeuseofa widervocabulary thaneverbefore.In1620some Britishsettlers movedto America.Later in the18thcentury someBritish peoplewere takento Australiato.English began to bespokenin bothcountries.Finally bythe19th centurythe languagewas settled.At thattime twobigchanges inEnglish spellinghappened:first SamuelJohnson wrotehis dictionaryandlater NoahWebster wroteThe AmericanDictionary of theEnglishlanguage.The lattergave aseparate identityto AmericanEnglish spelling.English nowis also spoken asa foreignor secondlanguage in South Asia.For example,India hasa verylarge number of fluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritain ruledIndia from1765to
1947.During thattime Englishbecame thelanguagefor governmentand education.English isalsospokenin SingaporeandMalaysia andcountries inAfrica suchas SouthAfrica.Today thenumber of peoplelearning Englishin Chinais increasingrapidly.In fact,China mayhave thelargestnumber ofEnglish learners.Will ChineseEnglish developits ownidentityOnly timewill tell.Unit3Journey Downthe MekongMyname isWang Kun.Ever sincemiddle school,my sisterWang Weiand Ihavedreamed abouttaking agreat biketrip.Two yearsago shebought anexpensivemountain bikeand thenshe persuadedme tobuy one.Last year,she visitedourcousins,Dao Weiand YuHang attheir collegeif Kunming.They areDai andgrewup inwestern Yunnan Province nearthe LancangRiver,the Chinesepart oftheriver thatis calledthe Mekong River inothercountries.Wang Weisoon gottimeinterested incycling too.After graduatingfrom college,we finallygotthe chanceto takea biketrip.I askedmy sister,“Where arewe going“Itwas my sister whofirst hadthe ideato cyclealong theentire MekongRiverfrom whereit beginsto whereit ends.Now sheis planningour scheduleforthe trip.I amfond of my sisterbut shehas oneserious shortcoming.She canbe reallystubborn.Although shedidn,t knowthe bestway ofgetting toplaces,sheinsisted thatshe organizethe tripproperly.Now I know that the properwayis alwaysher way.I keptasking her,“When arewe leavingand whenare wecomingback“I askedher whethershe hadlooked ata mapyet.Of courseshehadn,t;my sisterdoesn tcare aboutdetails.So Itold herthatthesourceof the Mekong isin QinghaiProvince.She gaveme adetermined look-the kindthatsaid shewou1dnotchange hermind.When Itold herthat ourjourneywould beginat analtitude ofmore than5,000meters,she seemedtobeexcitedabout it.When Itold herthe airwould behard tobreathe andit wouldbe verycold,she saiditwouldbe aninteresting experience.Iknowmysisterwell.Once shehas madeup hermind,nothing canchange it.Finally,I hadto givein.Several monthsbefore ourtrip,Wang Weiand I went to the library.We founda largeatlas withgood mapsthat showeddetails ofworld geography.From theatlas wecould seethattheMekongRiverbegins ina glacierto movequickly.It becomesrapids asit passesthrough deepvalleys,traveling acrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimes theriver becomesa waterfall andenterswide valleys.We wereboth surprisedto learnthat halfoftheriver isin China.After itleaves Chinaand highaltitude,theMekongbecomes wide,brown andwarm.As itenters SoutheastAsia,its paceslows.It makeswide bendsormeanders throughlow valleysto theplains whererice grows.At last,the riverdeltaenters theSouth ChinaSea.Unit4A Nightthe Earthdidn,t SleepStrangethings werehappening in the countrysideof northeastHebei.Forthree daysthe waterin thevillage wellsrose andfell,rose andfell.Farmersnoticed thatthe wellwalls haddeep cracksin them.A smellygas cameout ofthecracks.In thefarmyards,the chickensand eventhe pigswere toonervousto eat.Mice ranout ofthe fieldslooking forplaces tohide.Fish jumpedoutof theirbowls andponds.At about3:00amonJuly28,1976,some peoplesawbright lightsinthesky.The soundof planescouldbeheard outside the cityofTangshan evenwhen noplanes wereinthesky.In the city,the waterpipesin somebuildings crackedand burst.But theone millionpeople ofthe city,who thoughtlittle ofthese events,were asleepas usualthe night.At3:42am everythingbegantoshake.It seemedas iftheworldwas atanend!Eleven kilometersdirectly belowthe citythe greatestearthquake ofthe20th centuryhad begun.It wasfelt inBeijing,which ismore thantwo hundredkilometers away.One-third ofthe nationfelt it.A hugecrack thatwas eightkilometerslong andthirty meterswide cutacross houses,roads andcanals.Steam burstfrom holesintheground.Hard hillsof rockbecame riversof dirt.In fifteenterrible secondsa largecity layin ruins.The sufferingof thepeoplewas extreme.Two-thirds ofthem diedor wereinjured duringtheearthquake.Thousands offamilies werekilled ofinjured reachedmore than400,
000.But howcould thesurvivors believeitwasnatural Everywherethey lookednearlyevery thingwas destroyed.All ofthe citys hospitals,75%of itsfactoriesand buildingsand90%of itshomes weregone.Bricks coveredthe groundlikered autumnleaves.No wind,however,could blowthem away.Two damsfelland most ofthebridges alsofell orwere notsafe fortraveling.The railwaytrackswere nowuseless piecesof steel.Tens ofthousands ofcows wouldnevergive milkagain.Half amillion pigsand millionsof chickenswere dead.Sandnow filledthe wellsinstead ofwater.People wereshocked.Then,later thatafternoon,another bigquake whichwas almostas strongasthefirst oneshookTangshan.Some ofthe rescueworkers anddoctors were trapped underthe ruins.More buildingsfell down.Water,food,and electricitywere hardto get.Peoplebegan towonder howlong thedisaster wouldlast.All hopewas notlost.Soon afterthe quakes,the armysent150,000soldiersof thousandsofpeoplewere helped.The armyorganized teamsto digout thosewhoweretrappedand tobury thedead.To thenorth ofthe city,mostofthe10,000miners wererescued fromthe coalmines there.Workers builtsheltersfor survivorswhose homeshad beendestroyed.Fresh waterwas takentothecityby train,truck andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreathe again.Unit5Elias,StoryMy nameis Elias.I ama poor black workerinSouthAfrica.The timewhenI firstmet NelsonMandela wasa verydifficult periodofmylife.I wastwelveyears old.It wasin1952and Mandelawas theblack lawyerto whomIwentforadvice.He offeredguidance topoorblackpeople ontheir legalproblems.Hewas generouswith histime,for whichIwasgrateful.I neededhis helpbecause I had verylittle education.I beganschool atsix.The schoolwhere Istudied foron1ytwo yearswas threekilometersaway.Ihadto leavebecause myfamily could not continueto paythe schoolfees andthebus fare.I couldnot reador writewell.After tryinghard,I gota jobina goldmine.However,thiswasa timewhen onehad gotto havea passbooktolive in Johannesburg.Sadly Idid nothave itbecauseIwas notborn there,and Iworried aboutwhether Iwould becomeout ofwork.The daywhen NelsonMandela helpedme wasone ofmy happiest.He toldmehow toget thecorrect papersso I could stayinJohannesburg.I becamemorehopeful aboutmy future.I neverforgot howkind Mandelawas.When heorganizedthe ANCYouth League,I joinedit assoon asIcould.He said:“The lastthirty yearshave seenthe greatestnumberoflaws stoppingoutrights andprogress,until todaywe havereached astage wherewe havealmostno rightsat al
1.”It wasthe truth.Black peoplecouldnotvote orchoose theirleaders.Theycould notget thejobs theywanted.The partsof townin whichthey hadto liveweredecided bywhitepeople.The placesoutsidethetowns wheretheyweresentto livewere thepoorest partsof SouthAfrica.No onecould growfood there.In factas NelsonMandelasaid:。