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被动语态专项练习题及答案详解
一、单项选择被动语态
1.A newfunction ofChinas officialtrain ticketbookingwebsite toboost buyerschancesof obtaininga ticketduring theupcomingSpring Festivaltravel rush.A.will be expected B.expects C.has beenexpected D.isexpectedD【答案】【解析】【详解】考查时态句意中国火车票预订官网的一项新功能有望在即将到来的春运期间增加购票机会beexpectedto do表示“有望……”,常用于一般现在时,故D项正确
2.一The windowis dirty.一I know.It forweeks.A.hasn5t cleanedC.wasnt cleanedD【答案】【解析】【详解】伤U
2.The boyis countingsome sheep.一Some sheeparebeing counted.那男孩正在数羊is counting变为are beingcounted
16.The accidentwhich left15people onboard deadif boththeangry femalepassengerand thebus driverhad keptcalm.A•should haveavoidedC.could haveavoidedB.should beavoidedD•could have been avoided【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查“情态动词+完成式句意如果愤怒的女乘客和巴土司机保持冷静,这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的could have done”本来能做而没有做“,且句子主语Theaccident和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为Do【点睛】情态动词+havedone结构L“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句如It must have rainedlastnight,for theground iswet.
2.“can/could+have+过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱如He canthave finishedthe workso soon.
3.may/might+have+过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或couldo如They maynot haveknown itbeforehand.
4.“need+have+过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余如I neednthave boughtso muchwineonlyfive peoplecame.
5.“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些如You ought to/should havestudiedharder.你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有)He oughtntto/shouldnt havedone that.他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)
6.“would+have+过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或oughtto那样含有责备之意如I guessthe poetwould have been abouttwenty whenshe wroteherfirst poem.Another workerwouldnt haveacted likethat.
17.The waythe guestsin thehotel influencedtheir evaluationofthe service.A.treatedB•were treatedC•would treatD•would betreatedB【答案】【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态的用法句意在旅馆里客人被对待的方式影响他们对服务的评价theguestsin thehotel是定语从句U,修饰The way,treat是从句的谓语动词,The guests与treat之间是被动的关系,并且动作已经发生,所以用一般过去时的被动形式故选B o
18.More thanone workerdismissed.A.have beenB.areC.has beenD.has【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致和语态句意不止一个工人被解雇了如果主语由many a,more thanone+单数名词”构成,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式,故排除A和B,“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选C
19.The oldman wasweak afterthe accident;so hecarefully byus.A.must betake careof B.must take care ofC.must lookafter D.must belooked after【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查含情态动词的被动语态句意事故发生后,老人很虚弱;所以他必须由我们仔细照顾固定词组takecareof/looked after“照顾”;句子主语he和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以这里是含情态动词的被动语态,“情态动词+be+过去分词”故选D
20.Please dont stand up in class until you.A•were told toC.are toldtoc【答案】【解析】【详解】考查省略句句意直到有人叫你站起来,你才可以在课堂上站起来在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保留动词不定式的符号too分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时故C选项正确【点睛】to代替不定式在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保留动词不定式的符号too to代替不定式,常同refuse,want,seem,intend,expect,hope,like,be afraid,prefer,care,oblige,forget,wish,try,tell等动词连用注意如果不定式中含有be,have,或have been,一般要保留be,have或have been本句还原为Please dontstand upin classuntil youoare toldtostand up省略句为:Pleasedon,tstandupinclassuntilyouoaretoldto故C选项正确oB•are toldD.were told
21.This isone ofthe bestfilms.A•that have been shownthis yearC•that has been shownthis yearC【答案】B•that haveshownD•that youtalked考查定语从句和时态句意这是今年上映的最好的电影之一此处为定语从句,先行词为the one,有最高级the best修饰,关系代词应该用that,在从句中作主语,语境表明使用现在完成时,而且谓语要用第三人称单数,故C项正确
22.A lotof smalltowns in the areaare definitelyworthA.to bevisitedc【答案】【解析】【详解】主动形式表达被动意义句意这个地区的许多小城镇绝对值得一游be worthdoingsth”值得做某事”,主动形式表达被动意义故选C项B.being visitedC.visitingD.to visit
23.With thehelp ofhightechnology,more andmore newsubstances in the past few years.A.discoveredC.had beendiscoveredD【答案】【解析】【详解】考查时态语态句意因为有高科技的帮助,在最近几年中,越来越多的新物质已经被发现了根据时间状语in the pastfewyears,说明使用现在完成时根据句意新物质和发明之间用被动形式故D正确B.have discoveredD.have beendiscovered
24.(天津)Nowadays,cycling,along withjogging andswimming,as oneof thebestall-round formsof exercise.A.regardC.are regarded【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致句意现在骑自行车,慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一根据动词短语regard...as…”把看作”和句意确定应该用被动语态,排除A和D再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语,应该谓语动词应该就前一致,即用单数,排除C,故选B【点睛】B.is regardedD.regards本题考查方向涉及到动词的语态和主谓一致,首先要把握句意,判断主谓之间是主动还是被动关系,再者就是考查学生的考虑是否全面,即加之判断谓语动词的单复数,考查了学生对主谓一致中就前一致的把握
25.By theend oflast year,another newhospital inour city.A.would completeC.was completed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态及语态句意去年年底为止,我们这座城市又建了一个新的医院句中有bythe endof表示“到...为止”如果后面接过去的时间,句子要用过去完成时本句中by theendof lastyear,by后是过去的时间状语,句子要用过去完成时,故选D【点睛】By thetime hewas ten,he hadlearnt about1,000English words.到他十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语By2012the populationof thiscity will have risento20milion.到2020年,这个城市的人口将增至二千万By thetime Janegets home,her auntwill haveleft forLondon toattenda meeting.当简到家时,她的姑妈已经动身去伦敦参加一个会议了B.would becompletedD.had beencompleted
26.Shakespeares playHamletinto atleast tendifferent filmsover thepast years.A.had beenmadeC.has beenmadec【答案】【解析】【详解】考查动词的时态与语态句意在过去的几年里,莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》至少被拍成了十部不同的电影overthepastyears表示的是从过去到现在的动作,所以句子用现在完成时;Shakespeare^playHamlet与谓语make为被动关系,因此选择现在完成时被动语态故选CB.was madeD.would bemade
27.They aretrying tomake surethat5G terminalsby2022for theBeijing WinterOlympics.本题考查时态和语态解题步骤
1.确定时态这里表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的影响就是窗户很脏,现在完成时可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,也可以表示过去发生的事情持续到现在
2.确定语态主语it与谓语clean为被动关系句意一窗户很脏—我知道,这些窗户已经很几个星期没有被擦了故选DB.didnt cleanD.hasnt beencleaned
3.Many artifactsfor the first timein theNationalMuseum at present.A•were exhibitedB.were beingexhibitedC.are beingexhibited D.are exhibitedc【答案】【解析】考查动词时态与语态句意许多史前古器物目前正在国家博物馆首次展出根据时间状语“at present”可知,句子描述现在正在进行的动作,主语artifacts与谓语exhibit之间是被动关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态故选C
4.If wehad takensuch effectivemeasures muchearlier,theriver soseriously now.A.is notpollutedC.had notbeen pollutedA.will installB.willhavebeen installedD.havebeeninstalledE.are installed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态句意他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时;“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选B
28.It isthat the financialcrisis isdisappearing insomecountries.A•reported【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查被动语态句意据报道,金融危机正在一些国家消退句中It为形式主语,that引导的从句为主语从句,是真正的主句的主语,所缺词为主句谓语动词,主语与动词report是逻辑上的动宾关系,是动作的接受者,所以用被动语态故选AoB.to reportC.reportingD.being reported
29.TheOlympic Sports Center atpresent inthe cityand issaid tobeopen tothe publicin2019A.is built B.has builtC.is beingbuilt D.will bebuiltC【答案】【解析】【详解】考查时态语态句意奥运会体育中心现在正在被建据说2019年会对公众开放句中时间状语是atpresent意为“现在”,介绍正在发生的事情,主语the OlympicSportsCenter与build该词被动关系,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态故C项正确
30.Only byincreasing thenumber ofdoctors by50percentproperly inthis hospital.A.can be the patientstreatedB.the patientscan betreatedC•can thepatients betreatedD•treated canbethepatientsc【答案】【解析】试题分析考查部分倒装句意为只有增加50%的医生,这个医院的病人才能得到恰当的医治only+状语”放于句首时句子须用部分倒装,故选C项【答案】B【解析】选B句意如果我们早采取有力措施,现在河水就不会污染这么严重主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,用would加动词原形B.would notbe pollutedD.would nothavebeenpolluted
5.一Do youknow whya meetingby themiddle schoolteacherslast Sunday-To demandsmaller classesof nomore than25to30students ineachclass.A.was heldB.had beenheldC.has heldD.held【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和语态meeting是hold逻辑上的宾语,故用被动语态,再由时间状语last Sunday可知用一般过去时故选A句意——你知道为什么上星期日中学老师召开会议吗?——要求更小班,每个班不超过25-30个学生
6.The planfor XionganNew Areaofficially onApril1,
2017.A.announced B.was announcedC•announcesD•is announced【答案】B【解析】考查时态与被动语态句意设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布计划是被官方宣布,故用被动语态;动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态故选B
7..When Igot tohis house,I foundthatthewalls.A•are beingpainted B.are paintingC.were beingpainted D.were painting【答案】c【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动语态句意当我到达他家的时候,我发现墙正在被粉刷根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态,故选C
8.——I wonderwhy Roberthasnt shownup atthe interviewyet.Its apity ifhe missed-Fm notsure,but hein atrafficjam ridinghere.A•could stuckC•musthavestuck【答案】D【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态上句我想知道为什么罗伯特面试还没有出现如果他错过了很可惜下句我不确定,但是他可能被困于交通堵塞此处表示对过去已经发生事情的推测应该用情态动词的完成式,根据句意可知是被动,故答案为DoB.should stuckD.might havebeen stuck
9.一Have youmoved intothe newhouse一Not yet.It.A.has beenbuiltB.was builtC.is beingbuilt D.had beenbuilt【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态和语态句意——你搬进新家了吗?,——仍旧没有,它仍旧正在建设根据语境可知It指代上文提到的thenew house,是第三人称单数,与built是被动关系,用被动语态,结合句意,built这一动作表示正在进行的动作故选
10.Various effortsinCothepastdecades toprotect theenvironment.A.had madeB.have madeC•were madeD.havebeenmade【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态句意在过去的几十年里,为保护环境做出了各种努力根据inthepast decades可知句子用现在完成时态,efforts是句子主语,复数形式,和谓语动词make之间是被动关系,所以此处用现在完成时态的被动语态,故答案为Do
11.——Have youtelephoned yourfather—Yes,he backnext week.A.is expectedC.will expect【答案】A【解析】试题分析句意--你给你的父亲打电话了吗一是的,他有望明年回来这里sb beexpectedto do现在现在盼望明年回来,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,这里he应指的是父亲根据句意故选Ao考点考查动词时态及语态的用法B.expectsD.will beexpected
12.—Mike,did yousee Mr.Chapman inthe officejust now—Yes,he,and helooked alittle bitnervous.A.had interviewedB.was interviewedC.was beinginterviewed D.is beinginterviewingc【答案】【解析】考查动词时态句意——迈克,你刚才看到Mr.Chapman在办公室吗——是的,他正在接受采访,他看起来有点紧张表示刚才正在进行的动作用过去进行时,句中he和动词interview是被动关系,所以此处用过去进行时的被动,故选C
13.It wasthe naturaldisaster,rather thanhuman errors,that forthedeath ofsomany innocentpeople.A•are blamedB【答案】【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致以及be toblame的用法句意是自然灾害,而不是人为错误,应对这么多B.was toblameC.was blamedD.were toblame无辜人类的死亡负责be toblame for...表示“应受责备,应对负责“时,固定短语,因此排除A、C项;这里强调主语the naturaldisaster,是一个强调句,谓语动词应与主语保持一致,即与the naturaldisaster保持一致,因此用was toblame,故选B项
14.It isthe thirdtime so far thatsuch afestival inmyhometown.A.is heldC.will beheld【答案】B【解析】试题分析考查句式用法This isthe firstsecond,third...time+that从句,这是第一二,三…次…一般来说,This isthefirstsecond,third...time+that从句,这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时,但是这个句子中,sofar距今为止,表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动,还没有举办,要用将来时故选C考点:考查句式用法B•hasbeenheldD.had beenheld
15.Many subwaystations,including theone nearour school,atpresent fora bettertransportinthecity.A.are constructingB.are beingconstructed C.is constructingD.is beingconstructed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态语态句意许多地铁站,包括我们学校附近的地铁站,目前正在建设中,以便有更便利的交通此处表示动作正在进行,句中主语Many subwaystations和动词construct是被动关系,所以此处用现在进行时的被动,与主语一致,故选B.【点睛】现在进行时的被动结构be+being+过去分词A numberof Dongfengtrucks arebeing shippedabroad.——批东风卡车正被运往国外1“be beingdone”中的动词be应随主语作相应的变化2将现在进行时的主动语态变为现在进行时的被动语态的关键是把be doing变为bebeing done.例
1.The studentsare cleaningthe classroomnow.—Theclassroom is being cleanednow.现在学生们正在打扫教室arecleaning变为isbeingcleaned。